主动脉夹层行覆膜支架腔内隔绝术的围手术期护理

主动脉夹层是指主动脉腔内的血液从主动脉内膜撕裂口进入主动脉壁内,使主动脉壁的一部分撕裂而形成夹层,并沿主动脉纵轴扩展,形成主动脉壁层分离。临床上常表现为突发的剧烈疼痛、休克或压迫症状,是血管外科最凶险的疾病,发病24 h内病死率40%,无论保守治疗还是手术治疗,病死率都很高。近年来临床上通过带膜血管内支架置入技术的开展,为主动脉夹层的治疗开辟了一条微创有效的治疗途径。我科2009年12月～2010年10月对13例确诊为主动脉夹层患者实施了覆膜支架腔内隔绝术,取得了满意效果,现     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层19例

目的应用主动脉覆膜支架行Stanford B型主动脉夹层介入治疗,探讨扩大介入治疗适应证的可行性。方法分析2006年4月至2010年11月19例Stanford B型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉腔内修复术治疗的临床资料,根据多排螺旋CT血管成像(CTA)和数字减影血管造影(DSA)结果,选择个体化主动脉覆膜支架介入治疗,术后随访观察内漏、支架位置、假腔变化及脏器供血等。结果置入即刻造影示15例破口完全封堵,2例近端有中量内瘘,经用球囊扩张近端支架后内瘘明显减少,1例少量内瘘不需处理。2例破口距左锁骨下动脉小于0.5 cm者覆膜支架均完全封堵左锁骨下动脉,无脑及左上肢缺血表现。结论应用主动脉覆膜支架行Stanford B型主动脉夹层介入治疗安全、效果可靠,采用不同方法延长近端锚定距离,可扩大介入治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层适应证。     

改良大动脉覆膜支架腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层

背景:常规的覆膜支架治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层手术繁杂,并发症发生率较高,其操作技术有增加夹层破口破裂的风险.目的:应用改良的大动脉覆膜支架和创新的介入治疗方法腔内修复治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,观察其疗效和安全性.设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例分析,病例来自2006-10/2009-03赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科.对象:选择赣南医学院第一附属医院心血管内科收治的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层患者30例,均为男性,年龄43～70(53.5±12.8)岁.发病时间为5～45 d不等.方法:全部病例选用细钢丝捆绑的覆膜支架和创新输送及释放支架的方法,对降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mn的DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,可选用分支型大动脉覆膜支架.主要观察指标:支架置入成功后复行主动脉造影,了解覆膜支架位置,形态,夹层破口封闭和内漏以及主动脉弓分支血管通畅情况:观察术后并发症情况.术后行磁共振检查随访支架情况,有无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结果:30例共置入33枚细钢丝捆绑覆膜支架,其中4例因降主动脉破口与左锁骨下动脉距离<10 mm而置入分支型支架;5例支架置入后出现明显内漏,3例予球囊扩张,2例再置入1枚支架后内漏消失;1例患者置入后3个月支架远端出现新的破裂口而再置入1枚支架成功,3例出现右下肢麻木症状,1例出现右下肢间歇性跛行.所有患者置入后3～32个月随访行磁共振检查示假腔缩小并见腔内血栓形成,真腔增大,无瘤体破裂、内漏及支架移位等并发症.结论:采用细钢丝捆绑大动脉覆膜支架、创新输送和释放支架方法治疗DeBaKeyⅢ型主动脉夹层,具有技术操作容易、可靠、创伤小、术后恢复快、成功率高、并发症少等优点,尤其适用于高危患者.     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层的临床观察

主动脉夹层(aortic dissection,AD)是各种原因造成的主动脉壁弹力纤维变性,主动脉扩张和内膜撕裂形成双层管腔的一种疾病[1].病因有高血压、动脉粥样硬化、马凡综合征等,危害性大、进展迅速且病死率极高,近年来国内外广泛开展主动脉夹层介入治疗,经皮覆膜血管支架置入技术的发展为AD的治疗开辟了一条微创而有效的治疗途径[2].我院2001年3月-2009年12月经数字减影血管造影(DSA)进一步确诊并行经皮覆膜支架腔内隔绝术(endovascular graft exclusion,EVGE)治疗Stanford B型AD 22例,取得了良好的疗效.现将护理报道如下.     

主动脉夹层覆膜支架置入手术的护理配合

近两年来，我院采用覆膜支架腔内置入的微创方法治疗主动脉夹层21例，术后效果满意，现将其护理配合介绍如下。     

覆膜血管内支架治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层36例临床分析

目的观察覆膜血管内支架治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层的方法和临床疗效。方法对2007年3月至2011年10月36例StanfordB型主动脉夹层实施覆膜血管内支架治疗患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果本组36例腔内隔绝术均获成功。1例术后造影显示出现轻微内漏,3个月后复查显示内漏消失;1例术中部分封闭左锁骨下动脉开口;1例术前并发脑梗死的患者术后经高压氧治疗后痊愈;1例术后并发肺部感染,经气管切开及呼吸机辅助呼吸等治疗后痊愈。全组无死亡病例,无截瘫、器官缺血、血栓形成等相关并发症发生。29例术后获随访3～24个月,复查主动脉CT显示夹层真腔明显增大,假腔明显缩小,覆膜支架位置、形态保持正常,无支架移位及内漏。结论覆膜血管内支架治疗StanfordB型主动脉夹层具有安全、有效、创伤小、严重并发症少等优势,近期疗效令人满意,远期疗效还有待更长的随访。     

主动脉夹层动脉瘤13例围术期护理

对13例主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者行国产覆膜支架血管腔内置入术,围术期行精心护理.结果本组支架置入成功,无死亡病例.患者未发生截瘫、其他器官缺血、血栓形成等并发症,术后胸背疼痛完全缓解,真腔受压12例明显减轻,1例部分缓解.术后随访1～9个月,CT复查显示支架位置、形态正常.认为在围术期做好精心护理,可降低并发症发生率及病死率,促进患者康复.     

分支型覆膜支架在外科治疗急性A型主动脉夹层中的应用及中期结果

目的总结术中置入分支型覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部治疗急性A型主动脉夹层的应用经验,并评价其中期结果。方法 17例急性A型主动脉夹层患者在体外循环下先进行近心端操作,鼻咽温降至18~20℃,停循环,选择性脑灌注,经无名动脉近端升主动脉横切口,直视下置入分支型覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部,主干支架血管近端、远端自体主动脉壁与替换近端升主动脉的人造血管端端吻合,以残余主动脉壁或自体心包片包裹人造血管及吻合口,并与右心耳吻合连通行内引流术。结果术中置入三分支覆膜支架16例,一分支覆膜支架1例。全组手术时间(276±54)min,体外循环时间(141±28)min,阻断时间(81±12)min,深低温停循环选择性脑灌注时间(17±7)min。术中死亡1例,术后死亡3例,其余患者痊愈出院。术后住院时间(14±6)d。13例随访29~56个月,主动脉血管成像(CTA)显示患者主动脉弓降部及分支动脉内支架扩张贴壁满意,无移位、扭曲、打折,支架相应部位假腔消失,远端假腔内血栓填充。结论术中置入分支型覆膜支架重建主动脉弓部治疗急性A型主动脉夹层,可以简化主动脉弓部操作、降低手术风险、提高手术成功率,中期结果良好。     

心血管覆膜支架材料学特征与主动脉夹层病变的治疗

目的:探讨心血管覆膜支架的材料学特征及其置入治疗主动脉夹层的临床应用.方法:应用万方数据库和中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI),由第一作者以"主动脉夹层;覆膜支架;生物材料;临床研究;并发症"等为检索词,检索1998/2010时限内与覆膜支架置入治疗主动脉夹层相关的文献.排除重复研究或较陈旧文献.结果:依据纳入排除标准共纳入18 篇相关文献.覆膜支架是金属或合金血管内支架与人工(天然)的膜性结构相结合的产物,常用覆膜有涤纶和生物膜2类.涤纶取材方便,价格低廉,但缺乏弹性,不能扩张,有一定的致血栓源性;生物膜具有良好的生物相容性,并能促进内皮生长,是目前最有发展潜力的一种膜.从临床应用效果来看,覆膜支架治疗主动脉夹层的近期效果良好.结论:覆膜支架血管内置入近期内可有效治疗StanfordB型/ Debakey Ⅲ型主动脉夹层,是一种安全、有效的微创疗法,但远期疗效尚需长期、严密的随访研究证实.     

外科手术结合覆膜支架置入术治疗急性胸主动脉夹层18例分析

目的:探讨外科手术结合覆膜支架置入术治疗急性胸主动脉夹层的疗效.方法:对18例急性胸主动脉夹层患者行外科手术结合覆膜支架置入术治疗.在全身麻醉、深低温停循环加选择性脑灌注下,经胸部前正中切口进行手术,术中对A型主动脉夹层患者行主动脉半弓或全弓人造血管替换加术中覆膜支架置入术,对B型主动脉夹层患者行术中直视下覆膜支架置入术并吻合固定术,观察其手术疗效.结果:18例患者均顺利完成手术,成功置入覆膜支架.术后即刻血管造影显示无发生支架移位,主动脉内膜破口封闭良好,仅1例A型主动脉夹层患者存在轻微内漏,3个月后自行封闭.术后半年复查CT增强扫描,示5例A型主动脉夹层患者升主动脉及弓部人造血管管腔规则、光滑、血流通畅,支架段主动脉假腔消失,13例B型主动脉夹层的降主动脉处假腔消失,主动脉管壁结构恢复正常.所有患者支架远端的降主动脉假腔缩小,真腔明显扩大;随访3～30个月,无发生截瘫、肢体缺血及神经系统并发症,无死亡病例.结论:外科手术结合覆膜支架置入术治疗主动脉夹层安全有效,术后并发症少,可明显降低病死率.     

Short-term results in canines of novel stent-graft design for chimney technique in TEVAR

IntroductionParallel stent-stent grafting is a major endovascular technique used to preserve the supra-aortic branches during thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) of aortic pathologies involving the aortic arch. The short- and mid-term results of this technique are satisfactory; however, endoleak remains a major concern. Thus, here we designed a new chimney stent-graft to decrease the endoleak rate.AimTo testify the feasibility and safety of the new chimney stent-graft system in a canine model.Material and methodsSix Labrador retrievers were used. Pre-operative data were collected and all operations were performed under general anesthesia. The main and chimney stent-grafts were implanted through the abdominal aorta and left subclavian artery approaches, respectively. Completion digital subtraction angiography (DSA) was performed to confirm the immediate outcomes. All dogs were fed separately for 6 months and sacrificed after aortic angiography. The thoracic aorta and the main and chimney stent-grafts were harvested for histopathologic examination.ResultsNo complications were found in follow-up DSA. All branch arteries were patent. Inflammatory responses were observed around the stent-grafts in 3 experimental animals, and slight hyperplasia was observed in the surrounding tissues compared with the normal vessels. There was no mural thrombus in the stent, endothelial cells were noted on the inner surface of the stent, and thrombus was formed in the outer skirt and gutter area. The histopathologic examinations revealed similar results to those of gross necropsy observations.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of the Longuette stent-graft and the first to report a revised stent-graft specific for chimney technique.     

主动脉半周覆膜支架置入技术及影像学评估的实验研究

目的探索主动脉半周覆膜支架置入、定位技术并观察封堵效果及对血流动力学的影响.方法选用15条健康杂种犬,自制主动脉半周覆膜支架规格为(12～15 mm)×6 cm、人工血管长度为4 cm.随机封堵左或右侧肾动脉.术后1、4、8、12、16周,复查主动脉造影及增强CT.结果 15条犬均成功地置入主动脉半周覆膜支架,分别封堵7条右肾动脉及8条左肾动脉.复查显示支架无移位,封堵肾动脉无血供.结论自制主动脉半周覆膜支架置入技术成功率高且封堵效果良好.主动脉半周覆膜支架具有应用于临床病例的可能性.     

覆膜支架腔内隔绝术治疗Stanford B型夹层动脉瘤

目的:探讨Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内治疗的手术指征、术前评估方法、手术操作技巧、并发症防治原则及临床应用前景.方法:回顾分析68例行Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术患者的临床资料,术前采用CT血管造影对主动脉夹层动脉瘤进行评估,术中在数字减影血管造影监视下经股动脉或髂动脉将移植物导入胸主动脉封闭夹层裂口.结果:术中移植物全部释放成功,术后患者疼痛基本消失,无血栓栓塞、截瘫、器官缺血、吻合口狭窄、动脉瘤及支架移位等并发症.结论:覆膜支架腔内隔绝术是一种治疗Stanford B型主动脉夹层动脉瘤的有效方法,其手术创伤小、术后恢复快,疗效好、安全性高.     

Total endovascular repair of an intraoperative stent-graft deployed in the false lumen of Stanford type A aortic dissection: A case report

BACKGROUND A 46-year-old male underwent ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection in 2016.However,an intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen inadvertently.This caused severe iatrogenic thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection,and the dissection involved many visceral arteries.CASE SUMMARY The patient had pain in the chest and back for 1 mo.A computed tomography scan showed that the patient had secondary thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection.The ascending aortic replacement,total arch replacement,and descending aortic stent implantation for Stanford type A aortic dissection were performed 2 years prior.An intraoperative stent-graft was deployed in the false lumen.Endovascular aneurysm repair was performed to address this intractable situation.An occluder was used to occlude the proximal end of the true lumen,and a covered stent was used to direct blood flow back to the true lumen.A three-dimensional printing technique was used in this operation to guide prefenestration.The computed tomography scan at the 1stmo after surgery showed that the thoracic and abdominal aortic dissection was repaired,with all visceral arteries remaining patent.The patient did not develop renal failure or neurological complications after surgery.CONCLUSION The total endovascular repair for false lumen stent-graft implantation was feasible and minimally invasive.Our procedures provided a new solution for stent-graft deployed in the false lumen,and other departments may be inspired by this case when they need to rescue a disastrous stent implantation.     

Endovascular repair of the aortic arch

The aortic arch is a challenging site for endovascular repair. The proximal implantation site is often wide, angulated, conical, and limited in length by the presence of vital branches to the head and arms. The only way to lengthen the implantation site without risking stroke is to provide an alternative source of inflow through endovascular or extravascular bypass. The complexity and stroke risk of branched stent-graft implantation increases exponentially with each additional branch. In our opinion, the safest strategy is to limit the stent graft to a single side branch. This bifurcated stent graft requires multiple bypass grafts in the neck but avoids median sternotomy and partial aortic clamping. Stent-graft implantation through the carotid or innominate artery provides a short, straight route to the proximal ascending aorta and ensures simple accurate placement of the innominate limb. In our experience, the primary limitation has been the anatomy of the ascending thoracic aorta, which may be too short or too wide. Previously created coronary bypass grafts (if patent) may also prevent proximal stent-graft implantation. The bypass grafts and route of access through the neck and groin are created using standard surgical techniques. Both components of the stent graft are implanted during brief periods of cardiac standstill. The tip of the bifurcated stent-graft delivery system is introduced over a curved guidewire into the left ventricle. Otherwise, the endovascular techniques of bifurcated arch repair are essentially those of bifurcated abdominal aortic repair. Despite high flows and wide-diameter components, current experience has shown bifurcated stent grafts of this type to be stable with follow-up over 3 years.     

CT virtual intravascular endoscopy of abdominal aortic aneurysms treated with suprarenal endovascular stent grafting

Background: We investigated the clinical applications of virtual intravascular endoscopy (VIE) in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) treated by endovascular stent grafting with a suprarenal component. Methods: Thirty-four patients with AAA undergoing endovascular stent grafting were included in the study (28 male, six female; mean age = 76 years). Helical computed tomography (CT) scanning was performed within 1 week after stent graft implantation. All patients received a Zenith/AAA endovascular graft with uncovered suprarenal struts 2.5 cm long placed around the level of the renal arteries. VIE images were created for each patient. The follow-up periods ranged from 3 to 18 months (mean = 8.3 ± 3.7 months). Results: Three of 34 celiac arteries, 22 of 34 superior mesenteric arteries, 32 of 34 right renal arteries, and 30 of 35 left renal arteries were affected by the suprarenal stent struts (wires) to different extents. VIE was able to demonstrate the struts, arterial ostia, and the strut/ostia configuration. Follow-up CT showed that all of these aortic branches were patent. Conclusion: Our preliminary experience has demonstrated that VIE is a novel imaging technique to visualize the three-dimensional intralumenal relationship of the aortic stent struts to the arterial ostia in patients with AAA after suprarenal stent graft placement.     

Prevention of spinal cord ischemia in an ovine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm treated with a self-expanding stent-graft.

PURPOSE: To present novel techniques to prevent spinal ischemia during aneurysm creation and chronic bifurcated stent-graft implantation in an ovine model of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). METHOD: Experimental AAAs were created in 38 sheep. To prevent spinal ischemia, an internal aortic shunt was used during aneurysm creation. In the animals designated to receive bifurcated stent-grafts, a left external iliac-to-internal iliac bypass was performed to revascularize the caudal artery and prevent postdeployment spinal cord ischemia. Specimens were harvested at 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months, and 1 year. RESULTS: Aneurysms were successfully created without paralysis in 35 animals. Two died due to aspiration pneumonia. Of the 33 animals implanted with endografts, 16 (94%) of 17 with straight devices and 15 (94%) of 16 with bifurcated stent-grafts survived with well-functioning, patent stent-grafts. Paralysis developed in 2 animals after endografting due to technical failures. CONCLUSIONS: The use of an internal shunt during aneurysm creation and internal iliac-to-external iliac transposition prior to bifurcated stent-graft deployment prevented spinal ischemia in an ovine AAA model. Chronically deployed stent-grafts were well tolerated.     

Major determinants for the uncovered stent struts on optical coherence tomography after drug-eluting stent implantation

There have been little data regarding major determinants for the uncovered stent struts after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation on optical coherence tomography (OCT). We investigated the major determinants of incomplete neointimal coverage of DES struts on OCT after implantation in a large cohort of patients. A total of 261 patients with 279 lesions who were treated with various DESs were selected from the OCT registry database. The lesions were divided into two groups based on the ratio of uncovered struts to total struts in all OCT cross-sections; an uncovered group (highest quartile with % uncovered struts ≥5.4%, n?=?70), and covered group (the remaining lower quartiles with % uncovered struts <5.4%, n?=?209). The uncovered group was more likely to have complex lesions, smaller reference vessel and stent diameter, and longer stent, more use of sirolimus-eluting stents, and less use of zotarolimus-eluting stents compared with the covered group. Of these variables, the most significant determinant of uncovered stent struts was DES type (odds ratio [OR]?=?2.75, 95% confidence interval [CI]?=?1.94–3.89, P?<?0.001). The use of sirolimus-eluting stents (OR?=?2.44, 95% CI, 1.15–5.47, P?=?0.023) and zotarolimus-eluting stents (OR?=?0.02, 95% CI?=?0.01–0.25, P?=?0.002) were the only significant risk and protective factors for uncovered stent struts, respectively. This study demonstrated that DES type might be associated with the most important determinants of uncovered struts compared to any other clinical or angiographic factor.     

An albumin-coated polyester arterial prosthesis made read to anastomose: in vivo evaluation in dogs

After a positive in vitro evaluation, the albumin-coated polyester arterial graft (ACG), which does not require any preclotting was compared in vivo to its parent graft, the Vasculour II graft, as an arterial substitute in the thoracic aorta of dogs. Durations of implantation were prescheduled at four, 24 and 48 hours, one, two and four weeks, three and six months. Implantations were uneventful for both coated and control grafts without any blood oozing along their entire length and/or bleeding at the anastomoses. Angiographies performed at three and six months postimplantation did not show any dilation. All grafts were patent at sacrifice. There was no delay in the healing sequences of the ACG when compared to the preclotted Vasculour II graft. The presence of collagen was observed as soon as two weeks after implantation in both types of grafts. Moreover, in the ACG, endothelial-like cells covered extensively the anastomotic areas and progressed towards the central segment of the luminal surface three months after implantation. In the Vasculour II grafts, the endothelial-like cells were flattened and less abundant. The albumin coating of the ACG was progressively eroded and was no longervisible one month postimplantation. The textile structure was well preserved in both types of grafts, the albumin coating did not do any harm to the polyester filaments. The ACG performed accurately and proved to be more convenient than the preclotted graft.