青海高职护理专业教育课程体系改革与思考

]目的 探讨青海高原地区3年制高职护理专业教育课程体系改革方法与实践的经验.方法 根据高等职业技术教育的特点,以突出护理教育特色为原则,通过增设人文社会课程、整合专业基础课程、融合重组护理专业课程、增加护理岗位的专业课程及调整理论与实践教学的结构比例,提出了符合青海高原地区对护理人才需求的高职护理专业教育的改革思路....     

Addressing the need for education: curriculum development for nurses about intellectual and developmental disabilities

People with disabilities and national and international agencies are voicing their views, forcing health care providers to look at how people with disabilities are treated in the health care system and to find ways to help them achieve equal access to quality care. Education about nursing care of patients with I/DD is limited in basic nursing education programs and for nurses who are in practice. A number of developmental disabilities nursing projects are addressing this need with curriculum development that has validated the need for education and has begun testing the various methods of instruction. As the curriculum is disseminated in written or Internet-accessible formats, nurses in education and practice will be able to find resources that target a specific topic area or a set of comprehensive instructions to acquire a better understanding of the comprehensive needs of people with I/DD and better ways to provide care. There is a need for a greater integration of curriculum about nursing care of people with developmental disabilities into basic nursing education at all levels and further evaluation of the impact of this curriculum on nursing care for people with I/DD. The hope is that these efforts can improve the education of nurses and other health care providers for the direct benefit of individuals with intellectual disabilities.     

Integrating informatics into the BSN curriculum: a review of the literature

Even though health informatics (HI) education is an essential component of the undergraduate nursing curriculum, it remains controversial with no clear consensus on which knowledge and skills should be integrated in a baccalaureate nursing program. The purpose of this review article is to integrate literature on HI education in the nursing curriculum by examining previous and current literature on this topic, synthesizing the findings, and recommending guidelines and future directions for nurse educators. The computerized databases of CINAHL, MEDLINE, ERIC, Academic Search Premier, and Google Scholar were used to generate relevant literature. Nineteen studies published between 2000 and 2010 on HI education were included in this review, and from the critical and synthesis of those reports emerged four overarching themes: (a) lack of consensus on HI education; (b) impact on patient care outcomes; (c) faculty development through organizational collaboration; and (d) global disparities in HI education. Implications for nursing education and patient outcomes in clinical practice are also discussed. Further studies are warranted to promote the understanding and awareness of HI education in undergraduate nursing curriculum.     

Keeping the focus on nursing

Keeping the curriculum focused on nursing will take the best efforts of nursing educators, administrators, and practitioners. Nursing knowledge based on systematic study has expanded and is now developing more quickly than ever. This, along with the recognized need for general education courses in the curriculum, has helped nursing move into the mainstream of higher education. New approaches to curriculum organization and to teaching nursing should be considered in the effort to provide the best possible education. The many advances made by nursing education and practice in the past century now challenge us to consider curriculum changes that could significantly alter our traditional approaches.     

The lived experience of students in an accelerated nursing program: intersecting factors that influence experiential learning

The goal of this interpretive research study was to articulate the lived experience of students in an accelerated master's of nursing entry program learning the practice of nursing within a clinical setting. Specific questions included: How did previous life experiences, education, and career choices influence the experience of second-degree students? What were the potential effects on learning of condensing and accelerating the curriculum as is requisite in second-degree programs? Data from small group and individual interviews were collected and analyzed using interpretive phenomenological methods. Akin to the experience of tourists or new immigrants, students were confronted with new physical demands, new equipment, new time patterns, and most importantly, new ways of relating to people, all within a condensed time frame. What stood out most in these students' accounts was the ubiquitous context of inpatient nursing care in which lives were at stake.     

Development of undergraduate nursing entrustable professional activities to enhance clinical care and practice

BackgroundNursing education adopts a time-based approach to assess the multifaceted competencies of student nurses. The competency-based approach is preferred historically as it is practical and ensures that individuals deliver effective healthcare practice. However, there remains a gap on how these competencies are actually applied in nursing practice. To facilitate the connection between competencies, competency-based education, and nursing practice, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) can be utilized to translate competencies into clinical practice. EPAs have shown promising results across multiple healthcare specialties and have become the current driving force to facilitate nursing care and practice. Given the limited information of EPAs in nursing education, it is an opportune time to develop EPAs specific to nursing care and practice.ObjectivesTo provide a detailed breakdown on the development of EPAs in nursing education to inform clinical care and practice.MethodsThe development stages of EPAs included: i) the formation of a team, ii) the development of the conceptual framework, and iii) the pooling, reviewing, and revising of core EPAs.ResultsA total of ten core EPAs were developed, with sub-EPAs nested within these core EPAs. The EPAs include: 1) patient engagement, 2) patient care and practice, 3) care management, 4) common procedures, 5) safety, 6) urgent care, 7) transition care, 8) patient education, 9) interprofessional collaboration, and 10) palliative care.ConclusionThe development of EPAs specific to nursing care and practice may offer nursing programs a guide to assist with curricula planning and a basis for developing entrustment assessment tools. The unfamiliarity of EPAs in nursing education may pose as implementation challenges to EPAs. Future research is warranted to evaluate and improve the developed EPAs.     

New curriculum for a new century: beyond repackaging

A plan to evaluate the effectiveness of the changes is in progress. Focus groups with health care agencies in the community validate the life skills as essential to nursing practice. Evaluation of students and graduates is ongoing to determine the overall effectiveness of this curriculum. Preparing nurses for a new century requires developing a new curriculum. But it requires much more than changing what is taught. The students who are recruited, the teaching methods used, and the academic policies must be rethought. These all are reflected in this model that allows students to learn and practice skills needed for a lifetime in nursing.     

姑息护理的发展现状与思考

阐述了姑息护理的内涵和开展模式，回顾目前发展现状，提出了开展死亡教育课程、发展姑息护理教育、建立姑息护理质量标准体系、政策上支持姑息护理的发展等建议。     

Future direction of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) education and research

OBJECTIVES: To identify key educational and scientific tasks for the incorporation of complementary and alternative medical therapies (CAM) into conventional health care. DATA SOURCES: Journal articles, government and special health report, book chapters, and curriculum guidebooks. CONCLUSION: Nursing education programs are rapidly adding curricula on the practice and research of CAM therapies. The next priority is to facilitate consistency and quality of educational programs by developing standards of practice and a core curriculum. Educational standards agreed upon by the nursing profession and set at the undergraduate, graduate, and professional levels will help guide the safe and effective integration of CAM into conventional health care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Setting educational standards and developing consistent curricula for CAM will help students emerge from academic programs prepared for safe and effective practice and with skills to evaluate the effectiveness and participate in the research of CAM therapies.     

A national survey of nursing education and practice of newly licensed nurses

The Institute of Medicine recommended establishing evidence-based teaching methods and curricula in health professions' education to meet the needs of the changing healthcare system. In an attempt to provide evidence-based information for nursing education, this study was designed to identify educational elements that best prepare nurses for practice. The study employed a two-tiered survey process for collecting and combining data from programs of nursing education and the graduates of those programs. Administrators of 410 nursing programs responded to questions related to elements of education in their programs (response rate = 51%), whereas 7,497 RN (76.5%) and LPN (23.5%) graduates of respondent programs answered questions related to the adequacy of educational preparation for practice, difficulty with current client care assignments, and other professional and practice issues (response rate = 45.4%). The majority of the nurses reported that their education had adequately prepared them to perform many, but not all, essential areas of the nursing functions examined. Nearly 20% of the RNs and 18% of the LPNs reported having difficulty with client care assignments. Inadequate preparation of several nursing functions were identified as predictive of difficulty with patient care assignments. These areas include working effectively within the healthcare team, administering medications to groups of patients, analyzing multiple types of data when making client-related decisions, delegating tasks to others, and understanding the pathophysiology underlying a client's conditions. In addition, it was found that the graduates were more likely to feel adequately prepared when nursing programs taught them use of information technology and evidence-based practice; integrated pathophysiology and critical thinking throughout the curriculum; taught content related to the care of client populations as independent courses; and had a higher percentage of faculty teaching both didactic and clinical components of the curriculum. The findings of this study are significant in broadening our understanding of the relationships between educational elements and preparedness of new nurses for practice.     

7所护理院校本科课程的设置现状分析

目的对国内7所护理院校本科课程设置的现状进行分析,以探索护理本科课程的改革方案。方法采用横向比较研究法,对国内7所护理本科院校的教学计划、实习大纲、课程设置、课程改革的相关资料进行分析。结果国内7所护理院校在本科课程设置方面进行了许多有益的探索,但还存在着一些问题:医学与护理课程设置不合理,人文课程安排随意性大,理论与实践相脱节,社区护理比重小。结论护理本科课程应加强医学与护理的渗透,注重体现护理内涵,加强人文教育,理论与实践紧密结合,强化实践能力的培养,增加适应社会发展需要的社区护理相关课程。     

姑息护理的发展现状与思考

阐述了姑息护理的内涵和开展模式,回顾目前发展现状,提出了开展死亡教育课程、发展姑息护理教育、建立姑息护理质量标准体系、政策上支持姑息护理的发展等建议。     

National comparative curriculum evaluation of baccalaureate nursing degrees: a framework for the practice based professions

The primary aim of the study was to determine whether Australian undergraduate nursing curricula incorporate the necessary skills and knowledge to prepare graduates for the current health care environment in Australia. The eligibility criteria for inclusion in this evaluation included Australian university undergraduate pre-registration nursing programs. All of the 29 universities offering such programs in Australia were contacted by letter to the Deans of Nursing and their current curriculum document requested. Twenty six of 29 (90%) eligible Australian curricula were included in the curriculum evaluation. A comprehensive and flexible curriculum evaluation framework was developed for the analysis of the 26 curricula. The evaluation revealed the ways in which nursing curricula balance various aspects of courses, respond to changes in society, education and health care industries. Overall it was found that graduates are well prepared for practice. However questions of quality and coordination of clinical learning were highlighted for future focus and major challenges lie in addressing excessive workload and assessment. Also work needs to be done in improving the inclusion of issues around the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) peoples, people living in remote or rural Australia and older people.     

Development of a new undergraduate palliative care knowledge measure

Compassionate, competent, and holistic care is at the core of palliative care nursing. Knowledge of primary palliative care concepts is a fundamental expectation of graduating nursing students. The release of updated national educational competencies in palliative care coupled with a new palliative care curriculum for prelicensure nursing students created a need to measure acquisition of new knowledge. The purpose of this paper is to describe development and psychometric evaluation of a new palliative care measure. Development of the new measure was guided by an expert team of palliative care educators, incorporating existing knowledge measures as well as content from the newly developed curriculum. A 4-step process resulted in development of a 27-item measure reflecting the 17 new core competencies for undergraduate palliative care education. Initial pilot testing in a sample of 262 nursing students demonstrated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = 0.70), with a 2-factor model that aligns with multiple national expectations for primary palliative care. This study is the first to align knowledge items with national palliative care competencies and care domains. Further psychometric testing will be conducted as well as large multisite research collaborations to test curriculum implementation and use this knowledge measure in prelicensure nursing education.     

Independent community care gerontological nursing: becoming an entrepreneur

Few nurses have the experience of developing an independent practice. This ethnographic study explores the process and challenges of becoming an entrepreneur as described by nurses developing independent practices in community care gerontologic nursing. The process included developing a legal contract, marketing strategies, and reimbursement amounts and strategies. Major barriers to implementing this role identified by the nurses included ignorance and confusion by others about their role, financial issues related to an uncertain income, time management, and legal concerns especially around delegation. These were experienced and dedicated nurses who were also risk-takers and enjoyed the independence of practicing nursing because they believed it was meant to be practiced. Suggestions for research, education, and practice are included.     

The needs of LGBTI+ people within student nurse education programmes: A new conceptualisation

There is a growing body of international research evidence highlighting concerns around social exclusion and discrimination, significant health inequalities and health needs, and barriers to accessing effective healthcare for LGBTI + people. However, ways in which the healthcare needs of LGBTI + people can be addressed in student nurse education programmes have yet to be fully explored. The aim of this discussion paper is to present the evidence to support the inclusion of LGBTI + health throughout the nursing curriculum. A new conceptualisation of the full and effective integration of LGBTI + health content across and within the nursing curriculum is proposed. This can be achieved by further developing theory, skills simulation and practice learning opportunities. There is a need to ensure that nursing students are positioned and adequately prepared to effectively address concerns of social justice, reducing health inequalities, and providing responsive person-centred care for LGBTI + health service users.     

A new curriculum for a new millennium.

In the last few years of the 20th century, many factors converged at Auburn University School of Nursing, giving faculty the opportunity to explore beliefs about curriculum and the nursing profession's role in the 21st century. The result of this opportunity was the creation of a new curriculum that brings to life the conviction that nursing is not bound by the 4 walls of a hospital, but is a humanistic discipline that can be practiced anywhere. This article explains the intersection of variables that influenced the development of a new curriculum, including the call by nursing leaders for educators to drastically change their approach to the education of students. We describe the process of developing a community-based curriculum, with innovative examples of clinical and theory experiences on a semester-by-semester basis. Strategies to address obstacles to implementation of a community-based curriculum are included.