多普勒超声心动图诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损

目的　分析多普勒超声心动图诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损的准确率 ,提高超声心动图检查对主肺动脉间隔缺损的首次检出率。方法　本文总结了 15例先心患儿有关主肺动脉间隔缺损的超声检测结果 ,并与其外科手术结果相对照。结果　超声心动图诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损与外科手术结论一致者 6例 (占 40 % ) ;不一致 9例 (占 60 % ) ,其中漏诊 5例 (3 3 .3 % ) ,误诊 4例 (2 6.7% )。结论　多切面显示主肺动脉间隔回声中断 ,缺损边缘呈“T”字征 ,结合脉冲及彩色Doppler表现 ,多普勒超声心动图可以较准确地诊断主肺动脉间隔缺损。     

左或右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉的超声心动图诊断

目的分析多普勒超声心动图诊断肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉(AOPA)的准确性,提高超声心动图的首次检出率.方法对经心血管造影或外科手术证实为AOPA的9例患者,回顾性分析其超声心动图表现.结果 9例患者中,右肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉者7例,占77.8%;左肺动脉异常起源于升主动脉者2例,占22.2%.超声诊断正确者7例,占77.8%;漏诊1例,误诊1例,占22.2%.结论多普勒超声心动图技术可以比较准确地诊断AOPA.     

超声诊断主动脉窦瘤及合并畸形的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图诊断主动脉窦瘤及合并畸形的价值.方法:彩色多普勒超声心动图对34例患者进行诊断,并与手术结果对照.结果:34例患者术前主动脉窦瘤的超声诊断与手术结果一致.其合并的畸形有室缺24例(超声漏诊4例),主动脉瓣脱垂8例(超声漏诊6例),主动脉瓣关闭不全14例,主动脉瓣二叶畸形1例,房间隔缺损合并动脉导管未闭1例.结论:彩色多普勒超声心动图对主动脉窦瘤能做出明确诊断,除少数室缺和主动脉瓣脱垂漏诊外,对其它畸形,均能做出明确诊断.     

超声心动图对十字交叉心脏的诊断价值

目的探讨超声心动图对十字交叉心脏（crisscross heart，CH）的诊断价值，并讨论超声心动图的表现特征。方法自2004年4月至2005年7月应用超声心动图的二维图像，多普勒及彩色多普勒对3例CH解剖及血流动力学异常进行观察，将其声像图表现与心血管造影、手术结果对比分析，总结其诊断特点。结果3例CH的超声心动图特征是：心房均为正位，1例心房与心室连接关系一致，2例不一致；3例均为房室瓣呈前上（三尖瓣）、后下（二尖瓣）垂直排列，而非左右并列；右心室位于前、上，左心室位于后、下；室间隔呈水平，伴巨大室缺；1例二尖瓣骑跨在室间隔上，1例三尖瓣发育不良；3例均合并大动脉转位，2例合并右室双出口，2例合并肺动脉狭窄，1例合并肺动脉高压。超声诊断均与心血管造影、手术结果符合。结论超声心动图诊断CH具有较高的准确性，心室呈上下结构及心房与心室交叉连接是诊断十字交叉心脏的重要依据。     

超声心动图在心内膜垫缺损分型中的诊断价值及应用

目的:探讨超声心动图在心内膜垫缺损(ECD)分型中的诊断价值及应用.方法:回顾性分析我院172例经超声诊断为ECD患者的超声心动图特征及临床资料.结果:在172例ECD患者中,完全型89例占51.7％(其中A型58例,B型7例,C型24例),中间型5例占2.9％,过渡型8例占4.7％,部分型70例占40.7％.瓣叶发育不良及瓣叶裂(106例占61.6％)为ECD患者最常合并的心内伴发畸形,其次为继发孔型房间隔缺损(44例占25.5％).复杂心内畸形多发生于完全型ECD.23例手术患者术中分型与术前超声分型一致.结论:超声心动图对ECD的分型及合并畸形可以做出准确诊断,为临床制定合适手术方案提供可靠的参考依据.     

完全性大动脉转位合并冠状动脉异常的超声心动图诊断

目的评价多普勒超声心动图诊断完全性大动脉转位(D-TGA)冠状动脉解剖类型的准确性,提高超声心动图的首次检出率。方法经外科手术证实为D-TGA的118例患者为研究对象,回顾性分析其超声心动图表现。结果118例患者中,正常冠状动脉104例(88.1%),异常冠状动脉14例(11.9%)。回旋支发自右冠状动脉、单支右冠状动脉、右冠状窦内两支冠状动脉比较多见。超声诊断正确者6例,占42.8%;误诊4例,占28.6%;不能显示4例,占28.6%。心血管造影明确冠状动脉畸形后,两个医生进行超声检查,正确率可提高至71.4%。结论超声心动图可以比较准确地诊断D-TGA患者的冠状动脉异常,主动脉位于右侧及合并室间隔缺损者易合并冠状动脉畸形。     

超声心动图诊断小儿主动脉缩窄

目的 探讨超声心动图对小儿主动脉缩窄的诊断价值.方法 经超声心动图诊断的主动脉缩窄50例,男33例,女17例,年龄5天～11岁(中位年龄9个月零9天),均经手术和(或)造影证实.超声心动图检查在胸骨上主动脉弓长轴切面观显示主动脉弓及其三分支,确定缩窄范围和类型.彩色多普勒超声心动图显示主动脉缩窄处血流,频谱多普勒测量缩窄处血流速度.结果 50例患儿中,局限性缩窄23例,占46.00%;管状缩窄27例,占54.00%;33例合并动脉导管未闭.结论 将小儿主动脉缩窄分为管状缩窄和局限性缩窄可能更为合理;管状主动脉缩窄较常见.     

阴道多普勒超声在早期疤痕妊娠诊断中的应用价值及影像学特点探析

目的:分析阴道多普勒超声在早期疤痕妊娠(Cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP)诊断中的应用价值,总结阴道超声的影像学特点。方法:选择2012年3月至2015年5月期间在我院接受腹部多普勒超声和阴道多普勒超声联合探查的23例高度怀疑为CSP患者作为对象,回顾性分析阴道多普勒超声和腹部多普勒超声的声像特点,并比较两种超声诊断方式对CSP诊断的敏感性和特异性,并将诊断结果与病例结果相对照。结果:23例患者阴道多普勒超声诊断结果与病理结果的符合率为95.65%,高于腹部多普勒超声的78.26%(P0.05);23例患者应用阴道多普勒超声诊断早期疤痕妊娠的敏感性为82.61%、特异性为66.67%,高于腹部多普勒超声的69.56%、40.00%(P0.05)。早期疤痕妊娠患者的阴道多普勒超声表现为两种类型,分别为单纯胚囊型和团块型。结论:阴道多普勒超声诊断早期瘢痕妊娠,影像学特点突出,准确性高。     

超声心动图诊断肺动脉吊带的价值

目的探讨超声心动图对肺动脉吊带的诊断价值。方法回顾性分析23例肺动脉吊带超声心动图二维图像、彩色多普勒声像图表现并与心血管造影、心脏CT及手术结果对比分析,总结其诊断特点,找出漏诊的原因。结果术前确诊19例,漏诊4例。2例合并法洛四联症,3例合并动脉导管未闭,3例合并房间隔缺损,2例合并永存左上腔静脉。超声的特征性表现为肺动脉分叉消失,主肺动脉直接延续为右肺动脉,于右肺动脉发出异常起源的左肺动脉。漏诊病例中:2例合并法洛四联症,1例合并动脉导管未闭。23例患儿均伴有不同程度气道受压,有明显气道狭窄的18例。19例超声诊断与心脏CT及手术结果符合。结论超声心动图诊断肺动脉吊带具有重要临床意义。     

彩色多普勒超声心动图在瓦氏窦瘤手术前后中的应用

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声心动图对瓦氏窦瘤的诊断及术后评价的价值.方法:用二维、M超、彩色多普勒检查17例瓦氏窦瘤患者,其中13例经手术证实并与之对比.随访5例瓦氏窦瘤破裂患者手术前后的血流动力学变化.结果:超声诊断窦瘤位置的符合率为100%,破口位置的符合率为87.5%,检测合并赘生物形成的符合率为50%,对其他合并症诊断的符合率均为100%.大部分患者手术后预后良好,合并有感染性心内膜炎预后稍差.结论:彩色多普勒超声心动图对瘤体及破口的位置、其他合并症的诊断与手术符合率极高,在术前诊断及术后评价中具有重大的临床应用价值.     

上下心的超声心动图表现及诊断

目的 观察上下心的超声心动图特征及诊断方法,并探讨上下心与十字交叉心的关系.方法 回顾性分析14例确诊上下心患者的二维超声心动图和彩色血流多普勒特征,探讨其诊断要点及诊断方法.结果 14例患者右心室及左心室均呈上下排列,其中9例为十字交叉心,5例为三尖瓣闭锁伴右心室发育不良及心室大动脉连接异常;12例为心房正位,13例房室连接关系一致,7例伴有完全性大动脉转位,7例伴有右室双出口,14例全部伴有室间隔缺损.结论 超声心动图能够清晰显示室间隔定位,对上下心进行明确诊断;上下心不等同于十字交叉心,也可存在于其他复杂先天性心脏畸形之中.     

Potential pitfalls and methods of improving in utero diagnosis of transposition of the great arteries, including the baby bird's beak image.

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to analyze our recent experience with fetuses with transposition of the great arteries (TGA) to identify potential pitfalls and possible methods to better detect conotruncal anomalies such as TGA. METHODS: We analyzed all nonreferral obstetric ultrasound examinations in which we performed basic, targeted, or formal fetal echocardiography with a newborn diagnosis of TGA. RESULTS: Nine neonates had TGA. Five of these cases were diagnosed prenatally, and 4 of these had complex congenital heart abnormalities. In these 4 cases, there were abnormalities in the cardiac axis (n = 3), abnormal valves or ventricular size (n = 2), and ventricular septal defects (n = 3) that were detected on the 4-chamber view of the heart. In all cases that were not detected prenatally, both prospective and retrospective reviews of the 4-chamber heart appeared normal. The prospective analyses of the outflow tracts were all interpreted as normal, whereas the retrospective review showed subtle abnormalities such as the "baby bird's beak" image. In review of these cases, there was failure to show the "crisscross" relationship of the outflow tracts. In 1 case, 5 short axis views of the heart, retrospectively showed the artery originating from the left ventricle and bifurcated, representing the pulmonary artery. CONCLUSIONS: Transposition of the great arteries may be associated with complex cardiac disease that could be detected on the 4-chamber view of the heart. When the 4-chamber view is normal, it is important to identify the crisscross relationship of the outflow tracts. If this is not done, it is important to document that the pulmonary artery bifurcates and originates from the right ventricle. Five short axis views of the heart may be helpful to detect conotruncal abnormalities.     

彩色超声在腹水病因鉴别诊断中的应用

目的　评价彩超在腹水病因鉴别诊断中的价值。方法　应用彩超对１２３ 例腹水患者行腹部及超声心动图检查,分析病因,对原发病变性质进行鉴别诊断。结果　本组１１８ 例患者查明病因,经临床或手术证实,诊断准确率９６ ％（１１８／１２３）。其中首诊检出心血管性腹水４０ 例。结论　彩色超声应用面广,检测准确,有助于腹水病因的鉴别诊断,尤其对心血管性腹水诊断特异性强,准确率高,是可靠的无创检测技术。     

Diagnostic Impact of Color Doppler Ultrasound-Guided Core Biopsy on Fine-Needle Aspiration of Anterior Mediastinal Masses

Although lymphoma and thymoma are common etiologies of anterior mediastinal masses (AMMs), smaller percentages and numbers of patients with these diseases have been enrolled in previous ultrasound-guided biopsy studies. To date, there has been no study of color Doppler sonographic features to support the differentiation of AMMs. For this retrospective cohort study, a search of the database of the China Medical University Hospital using the clinical coding “ultrasound-guided biopsy” was conducted for the period December 2003 to February 2013. We selected patients diagnosed with AMMs (not cysts) using radiographic records. This search yielded a list of 80 cases. Real-time ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (CNB) was performed in all but 5 patients without a sufficient safety range. In 89% (67/75) of these ultrasound-guided CNB cases, the diagnostic accuracy achieved subclassification. Fine-needle aspiration cytology achieved subclassification in only 10% of cases. On color Doppler sonography, 71% of lymphomas were characterized as “rich vascular with central/crisscross collocations” and 29% as “avascular or localized/scattered peripheral vessels.” However, decreased proportions of “rich vascular with central/crisscross collocations” were found in lung cancer (4% [1/23], odds ratio = 0.018, 95% confidence interval: 0.002–0.154, p < 0.001) and thymoma/thymic carcinoma (25% [4/16]; odds ratio = 0.133, 95% confidence interval: 0.035–0.514, p = 0.003) compared with the lymphoma group. We conclude that the vessels in lymphoma AMMs have specific patterns on color Doppler sonography. Ultrasound-guided CNB of AMMs had an accuracy of ≤89% in diagnosis and subclassification. Fine-needle aspiration cytology itself cannot aid in the diagnosis. Color Doppler sonographic evaluation of AMMs followed by real-time CNB is a more efficient method.     

Ultrasound criteria in the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

Not all women with the polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) on ultrasound (US) will have the syndrome, and clinical and biochemical features of PCOS may be present without US features. The sensitivity of US in detecting PCOS was, therefore, prospectively determined in 72 women (32 PCOS and 40 controls). The most sensitive features were the presence of 10 or more follicles (82% and 69% in the left and right ovary) and a peripheral distribution of follicles (81.8% and 71.9% in the left and right ovary). Although ovarian enlargement and stromal brightness were not as sensitive as the previous criteria, stromal brightness was most specific. Combining all the criteria predicted a diagnosis of PCOS or control correctly in 86.4% of cases. This study shows that established US criteria of polycystic ovaries remain of value in the diagnosis of PCOS; however, the discrepancy between the left and right ovaries is an interesting but unexplained finding.     

复杂畸形胎儿心脏超声解剖教学标本的制作与实践

目的 将临床确诊并引产的复杂畸形胎儿心脏制作成与心脏超声切面观一致的解剖教学标本,并应用于超声心动图教学.方法 分别对10例引产胎儿心脏按照不同超声切面观进行切割,与超声图像对照.结果 获得5例单心室(2例伴主动脉弓离断)、4例右室双出口并肺动脉发育不良、1例左室发育不良伴主动脉重度缩窄等复杂畸形胎儿心脏对照超声的解剖标本.心尖长轴观、三血管切面以及主动脉弓长轴观为超声诊断与教学的典型切面.结论 通过对复杂畸形胎儿心脏超声解剖标本的研究与制作,有助于超声专业初学者熟练掌握复杂畸形胎儿心脏各个部位解剖结构,形象化理解超声影像特点,有利于进一步提高复杂畸形胎儿心脏超声检查的准确性.     

The right ventricular myocardium in Ebstein's anomaly: a morphometric histopathologic study.

Ebstein's anomaly of the tricuspid valve is associated with right ventricular dilatation in approximately two-thirds of cases. Dilatation may be massive. It involves not only the right ventricular wall proximal to the tricuspid valve (atrialized ventricle) but also the right ventricle distal to the valve (funtional right ventricle), including the right ventricular infundibulum. For further definition of the pathogenesis of dilatation of the functional right ventricle (distal chamber), a morphometric histopathologic study was performed on 10 hearts with Ebstein's anomaly and 10 normal age-matched control hearts. In the group with Ebstein's anomaly, five hearts exhibited dilated ventricles and five did not. The study demonstrated that dilatation of the right ventricle in Ebstein's anomaly was associated not only with thinning of the wall but also with an absolute decrease in the number of myocardial fibers counted through the thickness of the wall from endocardium to epidcardium.     

支气管镜检查对45例右肺中叶不张诊治分析

目的探讨支气管镜检查对右肺中叶不张的病因诊断和治疗价值。方法收集该院2012年1月-2016年2月收治的45例右肺中叶不张并行支气管镜检查的病例,对其资料进行回顾性分析。结果 45例右肺中叶不张的患者中,行支气管镜检查及经其他临床检查资料确定炎症28例(62.2%),肿瘤9例(20.0%),结核4例(8.9%),异物1例(2.2%),原因不明3例(6.7%)。经治疗后治愈30例(66.7%),好转8例(17.8%),无效7例(15.5%)。结论支气管镜检查对右肺中叶不张的病因诊断及治疗有较高的价值。     

右室双出口的超声诊断

目的 探讨彩色多普勒超声对右室双出口患者的诊断价值.方法 观察32例右室双出口的经胸超声心动图特征,并与手术结果对照.结果 32例右室双出口患者中,房室连接一致27例,其中十字交叉心1例,右室双出口伴房室连接不一致5例.23例行心外科手术治疗,手术证实误诊1例,超声诊断符合率95.6%.结论 彩色多普勒超声诊断右室双出口准确、快捷、无创,对其病理解剖和血流动力学可作出明确诊断.     

超声诊断胎儿先心病再探讨

目的:回顾性探讨超声诊断胎儿先天性心脏病的临床价值。方法:对1185例16周以上,具有高危因素的孕妇进行多切面胎儿超声心动图检查,对疑有或诊断先天性心脏病的胎儿进行动态追踪观察。结果:发现胎儿心脏异常146例(12.3%,包括心律失常等),其中疑诊或诊断胎儿先天性心脏病59例(4.9%),超声成功随访及尸检证实45例。产后超声检查发现3例房间隔缺损为假阳性,占检出先天性心脏病的5%;另外,漏诊2例室间隔缺损,产后超声检查发现患儿心脏有<2mm的室间隔缺损,为假阴性2例,占检出先天性心脏病的3.4%。结论:超声心动图筛查胎儿心脏疾病,减少出生缺陷是可行的,具有确切的临床应用价值。