A型肉毒毒素在治疗上面部动力性皱纹中的应用

目的 探讨A型肉毒素在治疗上面部动力性皱纹中的疗效.方法 用生理盐水将A型肉毒毒素稀释至100u/mJ,针对患者皱纹的分布及范围,适量注射到相应上面部表情肌(额肌、皱眉肌、鼻横肌、眼轮匝肌)内.结果 所有20例患者均效果显著,除1例于首次注射后3 d出现轻微头痛,余均未出现并发症.结论 A型肉毒毒素是注射治疗上面部动力性皱纹的有效方法,该方法操作简单,不良反应小.     

预防皮肤早衰的新七步法则

过去，我们一想到皱纹增多和肌肤下垂等皮肤早衰问题时，就会联想到传统的肉毒素注射除皱以及化学换肤术等。这些解决办法虽然立竿见影，但难免有些疼痛要忍受而且价格十分昂贵。如今，随着科学技术的迅猛发展，肌肤抗衰老方法已经有了重大突破。新研发的缓和除皱作用的护肤品既可以减少下垂的肌肤，还能减少面部细纹和皱纹，最大的优点就是没有上述传统除皱方法的各种副作用。     

A型肉毒毒素改善面部动力性皱纹的近期效果观察

目的探讨应用A型肉毒毒素治疗面部动力性皱纹的特点及效果评价。方法 2012年11月至2013年6月,78例面部皱纹患者,均为女性,年龄27~46岁,应用A型肉毒毒素进行面部除皱,包括额纹48例,鱼尾纹30例。注射前及注射后1、3、6、9个月分别照相,比较面部皱纹变化情况,结合患者自我感觉等指标,综合分析A型肉毒毒素注射除皱的近期效果。结果所有78例患者术后随访9个月,医患双方就术后效果共同进行评价,注射部位皱纹消除明显,患者对治疗效果满意。结论应用A型肉毒毒素治疗面部动力性皱纹,疗效良好,安全方便,副作用少,术后满意度高。     

长期重复应用A型肉毒毒素面部除皱的疗效和安全性评价

目的 评价长期重复多次应用A型肉毒毒素（botulinum toxin A,BTXA）进行面部除皱的疗效和安全性.方法 对52例多次使用国产A型肉毒毒素注射面部除皱者进行了回顾性分析总结.每次注射除皱部位均包括额纹、鱼尾纹、眉间纹、鼻背横纹.于注射前和注射后1周、1个月、3个月及再次注射时,分别进行疗效和安全性评价.结果 每例均注射除皱共8次,每次注射后开始起效时间都在3～4 d,1个月左右是最佳表现时间.疗效评价1级为很好的比例依次是额纹100%、鱼尾纹97.1%、眉间纹99.8%、鼻背横纹99.0%,评价2级为好的比例依次是额纹0、鱼尾纹2.9%、眉间纹0.2%、鼻背横纹1.0%,评价为一般、较差、差这3个等级者为0.随着注射次数增多,疗效等级不断提高.平均疗效维持时间有所延长（r=0.256,P=0.02）,为（7.8±1.1）个月,呈正态分布.随着注射次数增加后,不良反应轻微,仅部分受注射者个别注射部位出现瘀斑、额部紧绷感、一定程度的表情僵化和鱼尾纹注射后下眼睑邻近部位皱纹加重.不良反应发生率随注射次数下降（r=0.850,P=0.01）.所有被注射者均未出现严重不良反应.结论 长期多次应用A型肉毒毒素除皱安全可靠,且疗效不受影响,因此可以多次使用.     

A型肉毒素在面部除皱中的应用

目的探讨A型肉毒素注射祛除面部皱纹的临床疗效。方法本组56例面部除皱患者,通过设计不同注射点,采用A型肉毒素进行多部位、微剂量局部注射,每次总剂量小于100U。结果经注射后,54例效果显著(96.43%),2例有效(3.57%),总有效率100%。结论 A型肉毒素用于面部除皱,疗效确切,见效快,痛苦小,是一种安全有效的方法。     

A型肉毒毒素注射除皱的临床应用

目的介绍A型肉毒毒素除皱的疗效。方法 A型肉毒毒素注射除皱,应严格地、正确地注射到引发皱纹的肌肉处,可令肌肉松弛、皱纹消失。结果在各种皱纹处注射A型肉毒毒素后3-7天后皱纹开始消退,可维持平均4-7个月。失效后可再注射。结论 A型肉毒毒素注射除皱效果肯定,副作用不良反映较小。     

SlimagerTM射频在面部除皱紧肤治疗中的疗效分析

面部衰老主要由真皮胶原纤维的变性断裂及数量减少等原因引起,表现主要有额纹、川字纹、眼周纹、鼻唇沟等,常明显影响面部美观。面部皱纹的治疗长久以来都是美容科的重点与难点,方法有皮肤磨削术、除皱手术等有创治疗以及肉毒素、激光磨削、光子等微创、无创治疗。近年,射频除     

医用美容胶原注射除皱30例体会

医用美容胶原注射除皱３０例体会李晓荣郑秀芝自１９９４年８月以来用医用美容胶原注射消除面部皱纹３０例，女性２８例，男性２例，年龄３５～６０岁。皱纹共计５４例处，其中眉间纹１７例处、鱼尾纹２１例处、额纹１６例处，经３～６个月随访，取得较为满意效果。一、操...     

低容量A型肉毒毒素注射治疗面部动力性皱纹临床观察

目的:观察采用低容量A型肉毒毒素(BTX-A)注射治疗面部动力性皱纹的效果。方法:采用低容量BTX-A点状注射治疗228例面部皱纹求治者,注射部位包括额纹、鱼尾纹、眉间纹、鼻唇沟纹、鼻背纹及下睑纹,注射后14～21天进行治疗效果评价。结果:额纹:显效率92.9%,有效率6.3%,无效率0.8%;眉间纹:显效率85.0%,有效率14.3%,无效率0.7%;鱼尾纹:显效率92.4%,有效率7.1%,无效率0.5%;鼻唇沟纹:显效率50.0%,有效率50.0%;鼻背纹:显率93.4%,有效率6.6%;下睑纹:显效率38.1%,有效率61.9%;随访观察疗效维持时间平均在3～9个月。结论:低容量BTX-A注射治疗面部动力性皱纹疗效良好。     

美脸提升术——探讨面部抗皱的手术之路

女人一生都在跟皱纹战斗,脸上的抬头纹、眼尾纹、法令纹,更是她们最欲除之而后快的魔咒。如果想维持时间长,而又最快捷的方式,当然是高科技的医疗美容手段。去除面部皱纹的方式很多,除了美容护理、仪器去皱,还有现在广为流行的肉毒杆菌、透明质酸注射除皱、手术除皱等。跟皱纹的战斗,永远没有一劳永逸,但聪明的女人,懂得花最少的时间,取得相对长久的美丽,那么手术除皱,也许就是去皱征途中的最佳性价武器。     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Immunomodulation in Transplantation with Photopheresis

Abstract: Photopheresis is a technique in which peripheral blood mononuclear cells, in the presence of a photoacti-vatable compound, are exposed extracorporeally to ultraviolet A light and reinfused, inducing a host autoregula-tory immune response. Experimental work and ongoing clinical studies are helping to define the role of this novel, safe, and non-toxic immunomodulating technology in the field of transplantation.