后腹腔镜下早期肾癌行肾部分切除术21例报告

目的：探讨后腹腔镜对早期肾癌行肾部分切除术的方法和疗效。方法：2003年7月至2007年6月采用后腹腔镜技术使用超声刀、电凝钩对21例早期肾癌患者行保留肾单位手术，肿瘤平均直径（2.8±0.8） cm (1.5~4.5 cm)。其中肾透明细胞癌17例，肾颗粒细胞癌3例，嗜酸性细胞癌1例。结果：21 例均完成后腹腔镜保留肾单位手术，平均手术时间（105±15）min，平均出血量（120±22） ml，4例患者术中平均输血400 ml。1例发生尿漏，引流量200～300 ml，术后15 d负压吸引小于20 ml后拔出。术后住院时间平均（9±2） d (7～17 d)。随访时间3~48个月，平均（20±4）个月，肿瘤无复发。结论：腹腔镜肾部分切除术是可行的，也是安全的。     

后腹腔镜肾部分切除术39例报告

目的：总结腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术治疗T1期肾癌的手术方式和临床疗效.方法：回顾性分析39例行腹腔镜保留肾单位手术的T1期肾癌患者的临床资料,其中男23例,女16例,平均年龄53岁.肿瘤直径2.7～5.1 cm,平均3.6 cm.所有患者均行腹腔镜保留肾单位的肾部分切除术.结果：39例手术均获成功,无术中、术后并发症.平均手术时间（125.8±34.6）min;平均热缺血时间（23.8±3.9） min;平均术中出血量（146.9±41.5） ml.术后病理为32例肾透明细胞癌,5例颗粒细胞癌,2例嗜酸性细胞瘤,切缘均阴性.34例患者获随访,随访2～32个月,平均11个月,无肿瘤局部复发和远处转移.结论：腹腔镜肾部分切除术治疗局限性肾癌安全可靠,短期随访效果肯定.     

腹腔镜与开放保留肾单位手术治疗T1a期肾癌的临床疗效比较

目的比较腹腔镜和开放保留肾单位手术治疗T1a期肾癌的手术特点和临床疗效。方法回顾性分析115例同一术者行保留肾单位手术治疗T1a期肾癌患者临床资料,其中腹腔镜手术55例,开放手术60例。比较两种手术方法的手术时间、肾脏缺血时间、失血量、住院时间、并发症及肾功能恢复的差别。结果腹腔镜组手术时间为165～255min,平均(212.0±45.3)min;开放组为95～138min,平均(140.7±25.6)min,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。腹腔镜组肾缺血时间为25～45min,平均(41.3±5.4)min;开放组为15～26min,平均(24.4±5.7)min,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。腹腔镜组失血量为100～250ml,平均(168.8±51.7)ml;开放组为200～550ml,平均(285.3±77.9)ml,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。腹腔镜组术后住院天数为6～10d,平均(6.2±0.5)d;开放组为7～15d,平均(7.1±0.6)d,差异有统计学意义(P=0.001)。腹腔镜组、开放组手术并发症发生率分别为7.3%(4/55)、18.3%(11/60),差异有统计学意义(P=0.044)。术后中位随访时间18(6～32)个月,除失访和其他原因死亡外,无一例出现肿瘤复发和远处转移,两组间双肾总肾小球滤过率(GFR)变化差异无统计学意义(P=0.105)。结论腹腔镜保留肾单位手术较开放手术具有失血量少、术后住院时间短、手术并发症少等优势,且手术时间和肾缺血时间的延长并未明显影响术后肾功能恢复和远期预后。     

后腹腔镜保留肾单位肾肿瘤手术

目的：探讨后腹腔镜下保留肾单位治疗肾肿瘤的方法。方法：后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗肾脏肿瘤患者12例,其中肾细胞癌6例,肾错构瘤6例。肿瘤直径2.0～3.7 cm,平均2.7 cm。结果：12例手术均成功,手术时间60～210 min,平均115 min。术中出血25～150 mL,平均106 mL。肾蒂血流阻断时间18～43 min,平均28 min。术后住院4～7 d,平均5.7 d。6例肾细胞癌术后切缘均为阴性。术后随访6～18个月,平均11.3个月,复查B超及CT未见肿瘤残留及复发,静脉尿路造影（IVU）提示患侧残肾显影良好。结论：后腹腔镜保留肾单位肾肿瘤手术,具有创伤小、出血少、住院时间短以及术后恢复快等优点,是替代开放手术治疗小的肾肿瘤的安全方法。     

后腹腔镜下保留肾单位的肾肿瘤切除术(附7例报告)

目的:探讨后腹腔镜下保留肾单位的肾肿瘤切除术的临床疗效.方法:经病理确诊为透明细胞癌的肾癌患者7例,瘤体直径1～3 cm,平均(2.5±0.5) cm,均采用后腹腔镜下肾肿瘤剜除术.手术过程:分离暴露肾动脉和瘤体,自制血管阻断器阻断肾动脉, 距离瘤体1 cm用超声刀剜除完整瘤体,以止血纱布压迫创面,1-0可吸收线双8字缝扎创面, 解除血管阻断,观察出血情况,必要时再次加压处理,取出肿瘤,完成手术.术后随访3～7个月.结果:手术均成功,无一例转开放.手术时间130～200 min,平均(158±28) min;术中出血100～500 ml,平均(225±50) ml.肠道功能12～36 h恢复,绝对卧床10 d后下床活动,术后住院10～14 d.术后肾图显示患侧肾脏血流良好,功能无明显异常;随访3～7个月,未见复发和转移病例.结论:后腹腔镜下保护肾单位的肾肿瘤切除术除具有创伤小,康复快等优点外,还可以有效保留肾单位,适合于处理直径小于3 cm的肿瘤.     

肾癌根治术与保留肾单位术治疗肾癌疗效比较

目的探讨肾癌患者行肾癌根治术与保留肾单位的肾癌切除术疗效分析与随访。方法回顾性分析行肾癌根治术160例、保留肾单位术42例患者的临床资料。依据手术方式分为根治组（RN）及保留肾单位组（NSS）,评估RN与NSS组手术时间、住院天数、出血量、术后并发症及局部复发情况。结果 RN组平均手术时间（95±22）min,平均住院日（11±3）d,术中出血（220±70）ml,术后输血2例,128例成功随访3-55个月,3例复发并远处转移,死于心脑疾病13例。NSS组平均手术时间（165±38）min,平均住院日（15±4）d,术中出血（658±292）ml,术后输血5例,38例成功随访3-50个月,局部复发1例,死于其它疾病者4例。结论保留肾单位术治疗肾细胞癌远期临床效果与肾细胞癌根治术无明显差别,且具有安全、有效、局部复发率低、更好的保留功能性肾单位等优点。     

后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术在T1b期肾肿瘤中的可行性研究

目的 探究后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术在T1b期肾肿瘤中的可行性。方法 选取2016年2月至2020年2月就诊于本院的68例T1b期肾肿瘤患者为研究对象,均行后腹腔镜下保留肾单位手术治疗。统计入组后患者病理检查结果、围术期相关指标（术中出血量、热缺血时间、手术时间、术后引流量、住院时间、引流管留置时间）和术前、术后3个月肾功能及并发症发生情况。结果 68例T1b期肾肿瘤患者均顺利完成腹腔镜手术,无中转开放手术。术中出血量51～798 ml,平均（140.96±20.87）ml;手术时间98～221 min,平均（122.05±18.42）min;热缺血时间24～43 min,平均（30.21±3.45）min;术后住院时间5～15 d,平均（8.21±1.48）d;术后引流量79～551 ml,平均（180.65±76.27）ml;术后引流管留置时间2～7.8 d,平均（4.42±1.24）d。68例手术标本病理检查显示,肾嫌色细胞癌5例,肾透明细胞癌52例,肾血管平滑肌脂肪瘤7例,乳头状肾细胞癌4例。术前、术后3个月血尿素氮（BUN）、血肌酐（SCr）水平比较差异无统计学意义。术后24 ...     

经后腹腔镜辅助小切口超声引导下中心型肾癌部分切除术12例报道

目的评价经后腹腔镜联合经腰小切口及超声辅助下行中心型肾癌保留肾单位手术的临床疗效,总结手术经验。方法回顾性分析2010年8月至2012年3月12例经后腹腔镜联合经腰小切口及超声辅助下行保留肾单位手术治疗中心型肾癌患者的临床资料。男9例、女3例,平均年龄(56.2±2.8)岁;肿瘤平均直径(2.2±1.4)cm。术前均经超声、CT、MRI或CT动脉造影检查。患者全身麻醉后取健侧卧位,后腹腔镜常规方法游离出肾动脉、肾静脉及肾脏,切开腋后线与腋前线的两个Trocar之间的皮肤及肌肉,建立小切口,将超声探头从小切口置于肾表面,对肿瘤进行定位并标记手术切缘,放置冰屑于肾周,行肾动脉阻断或动、静脉阻断下保留肾单位手术。结果 12例手术均获成功,手术平均时间(124.5±5.8)min,术中平均热缺血时间(26.3±8.6)min,术中平均出血量(65.8±21.6)mL。切缘阴性率100%,平均手术切口(8.8±2.4)cm,术后平均住院时间(12.4±2.6)d;术后无并发症发生。随访平均(13.6±7.4)个月,未见肿瘤复发及转移。结论后腹腔镜联合经腰小切口及超声辅助下对中心型肾癌行保留肾单位手术具有创伤小、出血少、热缺血时间短、恢复快的优点,是一种安全、有效的治疗方法,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

腹腔镜保留肾单位手术治疗肾癌早期并发症临床分析

目的观察腹腔镜保留肾单位手术治疗T1期肾癌的效果。方法回顾性分析46例行腹腔镜保留肾单位手术治疗T1期肾癌患者的临床资料,其中经腹腔途径28例,经后腹腔途径18例,评估分析术后近期和远期并发症的发生情况。结果46例手术均顺利完成,无中转开放,手术时间65～140min,热缺血时间16～38min,平均（24±0．8）min;术后继发性出血2例、漏尿2例、急性肾功能不全1例,淋巴管漏1例,平均随访24个月,2例术后1个月出现双肾总肾小球滤过率轻度下降,术后3个月恢复正常,46例患者均未出现局部复发及远处转移。结论腹腔镜保留肾单位手术治疗T1期肾癌安全、有效,具有较好临床应用价值。     

后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床应用（附39例报告）

目的探讨后腹腔镜肾切除术的临床应用价值。方法 2007年2月-2011年3月采用后腹腔镜技术行肾癌根治性切除术18例,肾盂癌和输尿管癌根治性切除术6例,单纯肾切除15例（积水无功能肾6例,肾结核7例,萎缩无功能肾2例）。观察手术时间、术中出血量、术中术后并发症及手术效果。结果 39例后腹腔镜手术时间90～235min,平均（142±48）min;术中出血量70～290 mL,平均（123±28）mL,术中、术后均未输血;引流管拔除时间24～72h,术后住院时间4～8d,平均（6.3±1.5）d,术后均未发生严重的并发症。术后随访1～48个月,7例结核患者经抗结核治疗后无复发,18例肾癌和6例肾盂癌和输尿管癌患者未见肿瘤复发、切口种植转移或远处转移。结论后腹腔镜肾切除术创伤小、恢复快、临床疗效安全可靠。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.