黄精口服液对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆与海马突触可塑性的影响

应用Morris水迷宫、免疫组织化学法、透射电镜、图像分析和细胞形态计量学等技术,观察黄精口服液对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆能力和突触可塑性的影响。结果显示: (1)术后3. 5个月(即给药2. 5个月)痴呆+黄精口服液组大鼠平均逃避潜伏期较血管性痴呆组和痴呆+生理盐水组大鼠明显缩短(P<0. 05); (2)血管性痴呆组和痴呆+生理盐水组大鼠海马结构突触膜糖蛋白免疫反应产物校正灰度值比空白对照组明显降低;痴呆+黄精口服液组大鼠海马结构突触膜糖蛋白免疫反应产物校正灰度值高于血管性痴呆组和痴呆+生理盐水组大鼠(P<0. 05);大鼠平均逃避潜伏期与海马结构突触膜糖蛋白免疫反应产物校正灰度值呈负相关。(3)痴呆+黄精口服液组大鼠海马CA1区突触界面曲率增大、突触后致密物增厚、突触活性区增长(P<0.05)。这些结果表明:黄精口服液具有重塑突触结构与功能、改善血管性痴呆SD雌性大鼠学习记忆能力的作用。     

Effect of ephedrine on neuronal plasticity of hypoxic-ischemic brain damage in neonatal rats

OBJECTIVE: Study the effect of ephedrine on neural plasticity of hypoxic ischemic brain damaged (HIBD) in neonatal rats, and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. METHODS: 60 Sprats suffered from HIBD (7 days old) were randomly divided into ephedrine group, D-amphetamine (D-AMPH) group, cytidine triphosphate (CTP) group, ganglioside (GM1) group, and spontaneous recovery group. Using immunohistochemical method to test the expression of growth-associated protein-43(GAP-43) and synaptophysin (SYP) on one side of hippocampal CA3 area, then, 4 weeks later, Morris Water Maze test was performed for five days. RESULTS: (1) The expression levels of GAP-43 and SYP on hippocampal CA3 area in ephedrine group were higher than that in spontaneous recovery group (P<0.05). However, there was no statistical difference in ephedrine groups, CTP group, and D-AMPH group. (2) The average time of escape latency was significantly shorter in treating groups than that in spontaneous recovery group (P<0.05), and the frequency of original platform passing was higher than that in spontaneous recovery group (P<0.01). The average time of escape latency was longer in ephedrine group than that in GM1 group. The frequency of original platform passing was significantly less in ephedrine group than that in GM1 group, No statistical difference found in ephedrine groups, CTP group, and D-AMPH group. CONCLUSIONS: Ephedrine may enhance memory, the abilities of spatial orientation and learning in HIBD rats. This protective effect may be associated with increasing synaptic connectivity, as assessed by increased expression of GAP-43 and SYP after HIBD. Ephedrine triggered similar protection against HIBD as treatment of D-AMPH and CTP. However, the amelioration of ability of spatial orientation, learning and memory by ephedrine on HIBD rats in later stage is slightly weaker than that by GM1, which may be related with ephedrine dosage.     

老年性学习记忆减退大鼠新皮质和海马结构胆碱能纤维的定量研究

用Ｍｏｒｒｉｓ水迷宫行为检测方法以青年组平均逃避潜伏期９５％和９９％正常值范围上限值为界将老年大鼠分为学习记忆正常组（老年正常组）和学习记忆减退组（老年减退组）,以Ｈｅｄｒｅｅｎ等推荐的ＡＣｈＥ组织化学染色方法结合形态计量方法对各组大鼠的额、枕、内嗅皮质、海马ＣＡ１区多形层、腔隙分子层和齿状回分子层外带的胆碱能纤维密度进行分析,结果显示老年减退组较老年正常组、青年组各层（除枕叶外）ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维数量均明显减少（Ｐ０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）。老年正常组与青年组相比各层阳性纤维数量有所减少,但除海马ＣＡ１区腔隙分子层差异显著外,其余差异均无显著性。相关分析结果表明大鼠各层ＡＣｈＥ阳性纤维数量与其平均逃避潜伏期呈负相关关系,与原平台象限游泳距离占总距离百分比呈正相关关系。本研究提示老年性学习记忆能力减退与新皮质、海马结构胆碱能纤维溃变密切相关。     

老年记忆减退大鼠海马CA1区锥体细胞和神经毡线粒体的体视学研究

目的 应用电镜观察老年记忆损害大鼠海马线粒体的形态学改变.方法 青年(3月龄)和老年(26月龄)SD大鼠经Morris水迷宫测试后,以青年鼠平均逃避潜伏期正常值上限的95%和99%上限值为界将老年鼠分为老年记忆正常组和老年记忆减退组.用透射电镜观察海马CA1锥体细胞和神经毡内线粒体的体视学参数.结果 1.与青年大鼠相比,老年记忆正常大鼠海马线粒体数密度(Nv)、比膜面(Sm)、比表面(Ss)下降显著,但体密度(Vv)与青年大鼠相比无显著差异;老年记忆减退大鼠海马线粒体Nv、Ss、Sm、Vv均下降显著,且Vv、Nv的下降与老年记忆正常大鼠间有显著差异;2.老年记忆减退大鼠和老年记忆正常大鼠线粒体平均体积(V)均较青年组明显增加,但两老年组间无差异.讨论 线粒体的形态学参数体现了老年期海马线粒的代偿改变,而线粒体的功能失调可能在老年记忆损害中起重要作用.     

吸食安钠咖对大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其机制研究

目的 探讨吸食安钠咖对大鼠学习记忆能力及海马突触可塑性的影响。 方法 取33只SD大鼠随机分为对照组（C）、安钠咖小剂量组（A-LD）和安钠咖大剂量组（A-HD）,每组11只,连续60 d灌胃给药1次/日（C组予生理盐水1 mL,A-LD组予安钠咖溶液60 mg/kg,A-HD组予安钠咖溶液120 mg/kg）。通过Morris水迷宫实验检测大鼠学习记忆能力,免疫组织化学染色和Western blot检测海马突触素（synaptophysin,SYN）和突触后致密蛋白95（postsynaptic density 95,PSD95）表达,Golgi染色检测海马CA1区树突棘密度,透射电镜和体视学方法检测海马CA1区突触数密度（Nv）和面密度（Sv）。 结果 Morris水迷宫实验显示,与C组比较,A-LD组大鼠逃避潜伏期、目标象限停留时间和穿越平台次数无统计学差异（P>0.05）,A-HD组逃避潜伏期明显延长,目标象限停留时间和穿越平台次数明显减少,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.01）。免疫组织化学染色和Western blot结果显示,与C组比较,A-LD组海马SYN和PSD95表达无统计学差异（P>0.05）,A-HD组海马SYN和PSD95表达明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。Golgi染色和透射电镜技术结果显示,与C组比较,A-LD组树突棘密度、Nv和Sv无统计学差异（P>0.05）,A-HD组树突棘密度、Nv和Sv都明显减少,差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。 结论 大剂量吸食安钠咖可降低大鼠海马突触可塑性,导致学习记忆能力受损。     

老年学习记忆减退大鼠的海马GABA能神经元数量变化

为探讨γ-氨基丁酸 (GABA)能神经元在老年脑的改变及其与老年性学习记忆减退间的关系。本研究通过 Morris水迷宫测试将老年大鼠分为学习记忆正常和损害组 ,用免疫细胞化学和体现视学方法定量描述 GABA能神经元的改变。结果显示 ,老年记忆正常和损害组海马本部各区的 GABA能神经元均较年轻组明显减少 ,但正常组和损害组海马之间无显著性差异。齿状回分子层的 GABA阳性神经元的数量仅在老年学习记忆损害组明显减少 ,且 GABA神经元数量与搜寻平台的游泳时间呈负相关 (r=- 0 .91,P<0 .0 1)。提示老年学习记忆能力减退可能与齿状回分子层的 GABA能神经元丢失有关     

单侧磨牙缺失对老年记忆减退大鼠海马结构的影响

为了探讨单侧缺牙对不同学习记忆能力老年大鼠海马结构的影响 ,本研究用 Morris水迷宫筛选出老年记忆减退鼠和老年记忆正常鼠 ,拔除单侧磨牙后 2个月 ,观察其海马结构神经元和胆碱能纤维密度的影响变化。结果显示 :(1)海马 CA1 区锥体细胞密度 :老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组较对照组 (未拔牙 )明显下降 (P<0 .0 1) ;(2 )海马 CA1 区 ACh E阳性纤维密度 :老年记忆减退鼠拔牙组和老年记忆正常鼠拔牙组均较对照组 (未拔牙 )明显下降 (P<0 .0 1)。结果提示 :单侧磨牙缺失可加速老年性学习记忆减退鼠海马结构的损害。     

血管性痴呆大鼠海马Ng及其磷酸化水平的动态变化

目的:观察血管性痴呆(VD)模型大鼠海马神经颗粒素(Ng)及其磷酸化水平的动态变化,探讨Ng在VD学习记忆功能障碍中的作用及其机制。方法:采用双侧颈总动脉夹闭再灌注同时腹腔注射硝普纳建立血管性痴呆模型,在15d,1,2,4个月等时间点,采用Morris水迷宫和免疫荧光方法分别观察大鼠空间学习记忆能力及海马Ng及其磷酸化水平的变化。结果:模型组大鼠各时间点的逃逸潜伏期(EL)比假手术组均明显延长(P0.01);海马CA1区Ng及其磷酸化Ng免疫阳性神经细胞数表达较假手术组明显减少(P0.01,P0.05),而且随造模手术后时间的延长,以上变化逐渐加重。齿状回仅在2个月和4个月时间点的免疫阳性神经细胞数比假手术组显著减少(P0.01,P0.05)。结论:模型组大鼠的空间学习记忆功能障碍可能与海马(特别是CA1区)的Ng及其磷酸化Ng表达水平持续降低有关。     

Prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide results in cognitive deficits in age-increasing offspring rats

Studies have suggested that maternal infection/inflammation maybe a major risk factor for neurodevelopmental brain damage. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of prenatal exposure to a low level of inflammatory stimulation lipopolysaccharide (LPS) repeatedly on spatial learning and memory performances in rat offspring's lifetime. Sixteen pregnant Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups. The rats in the LPS group were treated i.p. with LPS (0.79 mg/kg) at gestation day 8, 10 and 12; meanwhile the rats in the control group were treated with saline. After delivery, the rat offspring at 3- (young), 10- (adult) and 20-mon-old (aged) were allocated. Spatial learning and memory abilities were tested by Morris water maze. The structure of hippocampal CA1 region was observed by light microscopy. The expression of synaptophysin (SYP) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in hippocampal CA1 region were measured by immunohistochemistry. Results showed that the rat offspring of LPS group needed longer escape latency and path-length in the Morris water maze and presented a significant neuron loss, decreased expression of SYP, increased expression of GFAP in CA1 region in histological studies. All these changes were more significant with the age increasing. These findings support the hypothesis that maternal systemic inflammation may alter the state of astrocytes in rat offspring for a long time, the alteration may affect neurons and synapse development in neural system, increase the neurons' vulnerability to environment especially as the age increasing, at last result in distinct learning and memory impairment.     

The influence of forepaw palmar sensorimotor deprivation on learning and memory in young rats

This study examined the effects of early palmar forepaw sensorimotor deprivation on learning and memory in rats. Sensorimotor deprivation was performed on 18-day-old male rats. Controls were sham operated. Studies were performed on rats aged 18, 25, 35, 45 and 60 days. Morris water maze testing was used to assess learning and memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was assessed by electrophysiological means in slices obtained from the hippocampal Schaffer collateral pathway. Nissl staining was performed to assess pyramidal cell number in hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions. Hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (NMDAR1) mRNA and protein levels were assessed. Learning and short-term memory were significantly depressed in 25 and 35 day old sensorimotor deprived rats (P<0.01). LTP was also significantly depressed in sensorimotor deprived rats at these ages, while hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cell counts were significantly decreased (P<0.05). CA3 cell numbers were significantly lower in 25-day-old sensorimotor deprived rats (P<0.05). Both NMDAR1 mRNA and protein levels were significantly lower in sensorimotor deprived rats aged 25 and 35 days (P<0.05). These findings indicate that palmar surface forepaw sensorimotor deprivation impairs subsequent learning and memory in young rats. Decreased hippocampal pyramidal cell numbers and altered NMDAR1 expression may underlie this impairment.