食管平滑肌瘤10例临床治疗体会

我院１９７５年６月～１９９０年７月共收治食管平滑肌瘤１０例，占同期食管肿瘤总数的０．１９２％（１０／１０９２）。位于食管上段２例，中段５例，下段３例。Ｘ线食管钡餐造影是诊断本病的主要方法。行食管粘膜外肿瘤摘除９例，食管部分切除１例，效果良好。本文就其诊断与手术治疗进行了讨论。     

仙人掌原液毒性的初步研究

背景与目的： 研究仙人掌原液的毒性。 材料与方法： 小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。 结果： 仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g/kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论： 在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

Assessment of the degree of carcinogenicity of small doses of nitrites

Chronic experiments on CBA and C57B1 mice and acute experiments on CBA mice established: (a) carcinogenic effect of sodium nitrite given continuously with drinking water (0.1; 1.0 and 10.0 maximum allowable concentration) in combination with morpholine fed with bread, and (b) endogenous synthesis of nitrosomorpholine as a result of simultaneous intragastric administration of same doses of sodium nitrite and morpholine. Also, nitrosomorpholine and N-nitrosodimethylamine synthesis was observed in vitro following addition of low-dose sodium nitrite, morpholine and amidopyrine to human gastric juice. Carcinogenic hazard associated with low-dose nitrite consumption in humans is discussed.     

仙人掌原毒性的初步研究

背景与目的:研究仙人掌原液的毒性。材料与方法:小鼠急性毒性试验、Ames试验、小鼠骨髓嗜多染红细胞微核试验、小鼠精子畸形试验、大鼠30 d喂养试验。结果:仙人掌原液雌、雄小鼠LD50均大于20.0 g／kg,属无毒物质;Ames试验、微核试验和精子畸形试验结果均为阴性;大鼠30 d喂养试验结果显示该样品30 d喂养对大鼠各项观察指标未见毒性作用。结论:在本次实验条件下,仙人掌原液为无毒物质,未显示有遗传毒性和亚急性毒性作用。     

中晚期贲门癌148例的外科治疗

目的　总结贲门癌手术治疗影响生存率的因素 ,提供今后工作参考。方法　对 14 8例经手术治疗的贲门癌患者进行术后并发症、绝对生存率的X2 检验。结果　本组切除率为 94.5 9% ,近半胃切除占 72 .14 % ,1、3、5年生存率分别为 67.9%、45 %和 2 4.3 %。病期、外侵程度和淋巴结转移等因素对 5年生存率有显著影响 (P <0 .0 1)。术后并发症以吻合口瘘及肺癌并发症为多见 ,其发生率为 3 .6% ,手术死亡率 1.4%。结论　提高生存率的关键在于早期诊断 ,根治手术和术后积极综合治疗。     

胆囊癌29例分析

目的探索胆囊癌的防治方法。方法分析29例胆囊癌病人临床资料、治疗方法及结果。结果术前诊断明确者21例，剖腹探查发现已属晚期，9例为Ⅳ期行根治术，12例为Ⅴ期未行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡。术前怀疑胆囊癌者5例，剖腹探查冰冻切片证实为Ⅴ期及Ⅳ期者各1例，Ⅴ期未行根治术，Ⅳ期行根治术，均于术后1年内死亡；Ⅲ期者3例，行胆囊癌根治术分别于术后10月、13月、17月死亡。2例术中冰冻切片发现的Ⅱ期胆囊癌，行胆囊癌根治术，分别于术后23月、26月死亡。1例意外胆囊癌属Ⅰ期胆囊癌，术后5年半死亡。结论要减少胆囊癌危害，重在及时治疗胆囊结石。     

胰头癌手术切除可能性的术前评价

目的通过总结胰头癌病人的临床表现和影象学检查结果来评价手术切除的可能性。方法总结32例胰头癌病人的临床表现和CT、磁共振（MRI）检查结果,判断肿瘤是否已发生邻近浸润或远处转移,以此来评价其手术切除的可能性。结果在22例作CT检查的病例中,判断正确的为17例,准确率为77．3%。作MR检查9例,全部判断正确,准确率为100%。结论某些特殊的临床表现和CT、MR检查对判断肿瘤是否发生邻近浸润或转移有较大价值,为术前评价手术切除的可能性提供依据。     

Criteria of efficacy of adjuvant immunotherapy of surface cancer of the urinary bladder

Assessment of prognostic significance of interleukine-8 (L-8) urine levels was made in 12 patients with verified surface cancer of the urinary bladder (SCUB) on adjuvant intravesical immunotherapy. Quantitative enzyme immunoassay identified IL-8 in the urine before intravesical injection of BCG vaccine and 6 hours later. A total of 192 urine samples were studied ("Multiskan-Jems", 405 nm). Adjuvant immunotherapy raises an L-8 level in the urine of the patients. After 8-week immunotherapy IL-8 elevated from 169.4 pg/ml to 326 pg/ml. Four patients with minimal difference in IL-8 urine levels (120 pg/ml, on the average) before and 6 hours after intravesical injection of BCG vaccine developed recurrence. Thus, quantitative assessment of IL-8 in urine of SCUB patients given intravesical BCG therapy can serve as one of prognostic criteria of adjuvant immunotherapy efficacy.     

Use of the data of quantitative analysis of organo-systemic distribution of tumors in the evaluation of real hazards of chemical carcinogens

The study was concerned with objective criteria for identification of actual carcinogenic hazards. It used quantitative analysis data on morphologic structures of tumors induced in 12565 albino noninbred rats in the course of carcinogenicity evaluation of 112 chemical agents. The totality of all the data were analyzed versus morphologic parameters of tumors and carcinogenicity of the agents. Spontaneous tumors turned to be the cause of death in animals treated with noncarcinogenic or slightly carcinogenic agents whereas a completely different spectrum of tumors were responsible for lethality in those receiving potent carcinogens. It was inferred that increased incidence of spontaneous tumors following treatment with maximum tolerable doses can not be used as a criterion of actual blastogenicity of an agent.     

Management of intracranial metastases of differentiated carcinoma of thyroid

Summary Brain metastases in differentiated carinoma of the thyroid is a rare occurrence. We treated five documented cases of carcinoma of thyroid with brain metastases out of 400 cases of thyroid cancer treated between 1972 to 1993. 4 were females out of which one was pregnant during the appearance of brain metastases. All cases were treated with thyroidectomy, and radioiodine as primary therapy. Brain metastases developed 6 months to 11 years following treatment of the primary and were treated with radiotherapy and suppressive levothyroxine. We observed the beneficial effect of suppressive thyroxine and the poor prognosis associated with pregnancy and withdrawl of thyroid replacement therapy. 3 of the 5 patients are alive 12–23 months after treatment for brain metastases, while 2 patients died at 4 months and 7 years post brain metastases due to pulmonary and hepatic failure, respectively.     

Results of operative management of cancer of the pancreas

All 269 patients underwent surgery as pancreatic cancer in our institute from 1965 to 1985. Resectability rate was 20.3% (32/158) in the head, 20.7% (19/92) in the body and tail and 0% in the combined lesion. Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was performed for the head in 30 patients. Distal pancreatectomy was performed for the body and tail in 16 patients. There were three postoperative deaths in the case which underwent the resection. Operative survival rate in the head was 43.9% at the first year and 27.4% at the 5 th year. Two patients survived more than five years after PD. On the other hand, survival rate in the body and tail was 40% at the first year and 26.4% at the 5 th year. Only one patient is alive 5 years 10 months after distal pancreatectomy.     

乳腺叶状囊肉瘤320例诊治分析

目的探讨乳腺叶状囊肉瘤临床诊断和治疗方法。方法回顾分析经手术病理确诊为乳腺叶状囊肉瘤的320例患者的诊断和治疗情况。结果行乳腺X片检查121例,B超检查25例,近红外检查21例,针吸细胞学检查42例;15例(12.4%)乳腺X片检查及3例(14.3%)近红外检查诊断为乳腺叶状囊肉瘤。临床诊断正确率为17.5%(56/320),误诊率为82.5%(264/320)。随访253例患者,其中局部复发45例(17.8%),远处转移死亡13例(5.1%)。结论乳腺叶状囊肉瘤诊断需常规病理检查,治疗宜行局部广泛切除或全乳切除。