ICAM-1、MMP-2在人脑胶质瘤的表达及相关性研究

目的 探讨细胞间黏附分子-1 (ICAM-1)和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及相关性. 方法 选择郑州大学第五附属医院神经外科自2010年3月20日至2014年5月10日手术切除的胶质瘤组织标本60例,按WHO中枢神经系统肿瘤组织学分级分为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级26例(低度恶性胶质瘤组)、Ⅲ～Ⅳ级34例(高度恶性胶质瘤组),另取同期因脑外伤行内减压术患者的正常脑组织10例作为对照组,应用反转录-聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和免疫组化染色分别检测胶质瘤正常脑组织标本ICAM-1、MMP-2 mRNA及蛋白的表达. 结果 对照组、低度恶性胶质瘤组、高度恶性胶质瘤组标本中ICAM-1、MMP-2 mRNA的表达均依次增加,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);对照组、低度恶性胶质瘤组、高度恶性胶质瘤组标本中ICAM-1蛋白表达阳性率依次增高,分别为20％、46.1％、88.2％;MMP-2蛋白表达阳性率依次增高,分别为10％、50％、91.1％,比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);人脑胶质瘤组织ICAM-1 mRNA和MMP-2 mRNA的表达存在正相关关系(r=0.702,P=0.001). 结论 ICAM-1、MMP-2的表达与胶质瘤恶性程度关系密切,随病理级别的增高表达水平增高;二者可能协同参与了胶质瘤中的发生及演变.     

Smad2基因在人脑胶质瘤的表达及其临床意义

目的 探讨Smad2基因在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达情况,与细胞增殖指数Ki-67及患者生存期的关系.方法 对80例人脑胶质瘤组织标本,用免疫组化SP法检测Smad2、Ki -67的蛋白表达,逆转录聚合酶链反应法( RT - PCR)测定Smad2 mRNA的转录水平.Smad2蛋白表达情况与患者生存期的关系用Kaplan -Meier生存曲线表示,并采用log - rank方法分析.结果 (1) Smad2蛋白在高级别胶质瘤(Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级)中表达水平较低级别胶质瘤(Ⅱ级)明显增高(P ＜0.001).(2)Smad2 mRNA在高级别胶质瘤(Ⅲ级和Ⅳ级)中转录水平较低级别胶质瘤(Ⅱ级)增高(P＜0.05).(3)Smad2蛋白阳性表达与Ki -67阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.812,P＜0.001).(4)将所有患者分为Smad2高表达组和低表达组,两组间生存率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 Smad2的转录和蛋白表达水平在恶性胶质瘤中显著增高,检测Smad2表达水平有利于脑胶质瘤的恶性程度判断及对患者预后的评估.     

人脑胶质瘤中IKKε的表达及其意义

目的探讨IKKε基因在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其意义。方法收集具有明确病理分级的51新鲜胶质瘤标本,其中Ⅰ～Ⅱ级胶质瘤24例,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤27例,并取7例内减压去除的脑组织标本作为对照。采用实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹(Western blot)方法检测IKKεmRNA和蛋白水平的表达,免疫组化染色确定IKKε的细胞定位,研究IKKε蛋白表达与胶质瘤病理分级的关系。结果 IKKεmRNA水平(t=23.734,P0.05)和蛋白水平(掊2=12.583,P0.05)在人胶质瘤中的表达显著高于对照脑组织,在Ⅲ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤组的表达显著高于Ⅰ～Ⅱ级组(t=21.587,P0.05)。Western blot结果显示7例对照脑组织6例无IKKε表达(6/7),24例Ⅰ～Ⅱ级胶质瘤3例中/高表达,27例Ⅲ～Ⅳ级胶质瘤23例中/高表达。IKKε的表达与人脑胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关(r=0.513,P0.05)。免疫组化染色显示IKKε阳性反应物主要位于胞浆。结论IKKε在人脑胶质瘤中呈高表达,IKKε的表达与人脑胶质瘤的病理分级相关,可能与人脑胶质瘤的发生及恶性进展有关。     

MCT1 MMP-2mRNA在人脑胶质瘤的表达及相关性研究

目的探讨单羧酸转运蛋白-1(MCT1)和基质金属蛋白酶2(MMP-2)mRNA在人脑胶质细胞瘤中的表达及相关性。方法应用荧光定量qRT-PCR法,分别测定50例原发性人脑胶质细胞瘤和10例脑内减压术患者脑组织标本中MCT1、MMP-2mRNA表达水平。结果 (1)MCT1、MMP-2在人脑胶质细胞瘤组织中mRNA表达较对照组显著增强(P0.05);(2)MCT1、MMP-2在高级别胶质瘤组较低级别胶质瘤组mRNA表达显著增加(P0.05);(3)MCT1、MMP-2mRNA在胶质瘤中的表达可能具有正相关性(r=0.712,P=0.001),对照组标本中均未见明显MCT1、MMP-2mRNA表达。结论(1)MCT1、MMP-2mRNA的表达同胶质瘤恶性级别关系密切,且病理级别越高其表达强度明显增强;(2)MCT1、MMP-2mRNA表达可能协同参与了人脑原发性胶质瘤的病理发展过程;(3))MCT1、MMP-2mRNA关联检测有可能作为判断胶质瘤侵袭性及其预后的重要参考指标。     

神经突触核蛋白-γ在人脑胶质瘤中的表达

目的 探讨神经突触核蛋白-γ(SNCG)在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达情况.方法 针对43例人脑胶质瘤组织标本,采用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)法测定SNCG mRNA的转录水平,同时采用免疫组化SP法检测SNCG的蛋白表达.结果 高级别胶质瘤(HGG,Ⅲ～Ⅳ级)和低级别胶质瘤(LGG,Ⅰ～Ⅱ级)中的SNCG阳性率分别为89.3％(25/28)和73.3％ (11/15),胶质瘤病理分级越高SNCG的阳性率越高(x2=15.724,P=0.000).SNCG mRNA在HGG和LGG中的转录水平较正常脑组织分别升高(4.46±0.39)倍和(2.56±0.34)倍(P＜0.05),而且HGG中的表达较LGG显著升高(P＜0.05).结论 SNCG的转录和蛋白表达水平在神经胶质瘤中显著增高,检测SNCG表达水平有利于胶质瘤的恶性程度判断.     

人脑胶质瘤中CD133的表达及其意义

目的 探讨CD133 mRNA在人脑胶质瘤组织中的表达及其与病理分级的相关性.方法 用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)对43例胶质瘤患者、16例正常脑组织标本(均为急性颅脑损伤患者行内减压术切除的脑组织)进行CD133 mRNA检测.结果 (1)43例胶质瘤组织中CD133 mRNA表达全部呈阳性,而16例正常脑组织标本中仅有1例CD133 mRNA表达呈弱阳性.病例组和正常对照组CD133 mRNA的阳性率分别为100%和6.25%.病例组和对照组CD133 mRNA表达阳性率差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(2)在病例组中,参照1993年WHO分级标准分为Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级组,计算分组的标本CD133 mRNA与β-actin mRNA灰度比值.Ⅰ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间CD133 mRNA表达均高于Ⅰ级;Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间CD133 mRNA表达均高于Ⅱ级.(3)相关性分析:CD133 mRNA表达量与胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关性(r=0.987,P＜0.001).结论 检测胶质瘤组织中CD133 mRNA的表达可用于胶质瘤患者的诊断及恶性程度和预后的判断.     

胶质瘤组织及血清中胰岛素样生长因子-2的表达和意义

目的 探讨胰岛素样生长因子-2 (IGF-2)在低、高级别胶质瘤组织和血清中的表达和意义.方法 收集25例胶质瘤病人的组织标本和血清标本,分为低级别组(n=12)和高级别组(n=13);同时将12例正常人的血清标本作为正常对照组.运用免疫组化、RT-PCR、ELISA的实验方法,检测组织和血清中IGF-2蛋白和mRNA的表达水平.结果 胶质瘤组织中免疫组化和RT-PCR结果:高级别组IGF-2阳性表达情况明显高于低级别组(P＜0.05);高级别组IGF-2 mRNA表达高于低级别组(P＜0.05).高级别组血清中IGF-2表达水平为(541.85±137.45)μg/L,低级别组为(423.60±141.80)μg/L,正常对照组为(294.50±106.23)μg/L,高级别组血清中IGF-2表达高于低级别组和正常对照组(P＜0.05).结论 IGF-2与胶质瘤病理分级相关,在胶质瘤的发生发展中发挥作用.血清检测IGF-2表达水平对胶质瘤病人的诊断和治疗有指导作用.     

MMP—2及TGF-β1在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义

目的探讨金属基质蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在人脑胶质瘤中的表达及意义。方法采用免疫组化方法对MMP-2和TGF-β1在30例胶质瘤和8例正常脑组织中的表达进行检测。结果MMP-2在正常脑组织中几乎不表达,在大多胶质瘤中均有表达,其表达水平随着胶质瘤恶性程度的增高而增高,且在正常脑组织和低(Ⅰ-Ⅱ级)、高(Ⅲ-Ⅳ)级别胶质瘤组中的表达差异显著(P<0.05);TGF-β1亦如此。同时,MMP-2与TGF-β1的表达水平呈正相关(r=0.76,P<0.01)。结论MMP-2与TGF-β1蛋白的阳性表达与肿瘤细胞病理学分级密切相关,它们参与了在人脑胶质瘤细胞的恶性转化,两者之间的协同作用可能在胶质瘤细胞的增殖中具有重要意义。     

人脑胶质瘤中垂体瘤转化基因的表达及其意义

目的 探讨垂体瘤转化基因(PTTG)在胶质瘤的诊断及恶性程度和预后判断中的临床意义.方法 采用半定量逆转录聚合酶链反应法(RT-PCR)和蛋白免疫印迹法(Western-blot)对65例胶质瘤患者进行PTTG mRNA和PTTG蛋白检测.结果 (1)65例胶质瘤组织中PTTG蛋白和PTTG mRNA表达全部呈阳性.(2)计算分组的标本PTTG mRNA和与β-actin mRNA灰度比值:Ⅰ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间PTTG mRNA表达均高于Ⅰ级;Ⅱ级和Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间差别有统计学意义(P<0.01),Ⅲ、Ⅳ级之间PTTG mRNA表达均高于Ⅱ级.计算分组的标本PTTG蛋白和与β-actin吸光度比值:四组之间任意两两比较,差别均有统计学意义(P<0.01).(3)相关性分析:PTTG蛋白和PTTG mRNA表达水平与胶质瘤病理分级均呈正相关性(P<0.001).结论 (1)PTFG的mRNA和蛋白的表达与胶质瘤病理分级呈正相关.检测FTTG的mRNA和(或)蛋白的表达,可以作为胶质瘤诊断、判断预后的一个可靠指标.(2)检测PTTG的mRNA的表达,从分子病理方面将可以弥补传统病理的局限性,在脑肿瘤的诊断、治疗和预后评估中将发挥重大的作用.     

MMP-2、TIMP-2在脑胶质瘤中的表达及其意义

目的 分析MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达与脑胶质瘤恶性程度和侵袭性之间的关系。方法 采用免疫组化和原位杂交的方法,检测42例人脑胶质瘤和8例正常脑组织中,MMP-2 mRNA、MMP-2和TIMP-2蛋白表达。结果 MMP-2蛋白表达水平(LI)与肿瘤的分级呈正相关(r=0.872,P<0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ级与正常脑组织、Ⅰ～Ⅱ级之间均有显著的差异(P<0.01)。MMP-2mRNA表达与肿瘤的分级同样呈正相关(P<0.01);Ⅲ、Ⅳ级与正常脑组织、Ⅰ～Ⅱ级之间均有显著的差异(P<0.01)。MMP-2蛋白表达增高时TIMP-2蛋白表达也增高;但随着肿瘤恶性程度的增加,TIMP-2表达强度增加的幅度较MMP-2明显减缓。结论 MMP-2的高表达与脑胶质瘤恶性程度呈正相关;TIMP-2与MMP-2间的平衡失调与脑胶质瘤的侵袭性和恶性程度密切相关。     

Efficacy and Effectiveness of Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy and Pharmacotherapy

Decades of intervention research have produced a rich body of evidence on the effects of psychotherapies and pharmacotherapies with children and adolescents. Here we summarize and critique that evidence. We review findings bearing on the efficacy of psychosocial treatments and medications under controlled experimental conditions. We also report evidence, where available, on the effectiveness of both classes of treatment with clinically referred youth treated in real-world clinical contexts. In general, the large body of evidence on efficacy contrasts sharply with the small base of evidence on effectiveness. Addressing this gap through an enriched research agenda could contribute importantly to linking scientific inquiry and clinical practice—to the benefit of both ventures. This is one element of a multifaceted agenda for future research and for synthesis of research, which will require the interplay of multiple disciplines related to child and adolescent mental health.     

Opiate and digitalis receptor assays distinguish between neuroexcitant and inactive organochlorines and between anesthetics and convulsants

Specific binding of [3H]naloxone to rat brain tissue in vitro was inhibited by the excitant organochlorinated insecticides (OCI), by ether (E) and octanol (OCT), and by the convulsant indoklon (IND) and its anesthetic isomer, isoindoklon (ISO). In the presence of 100 mM NaCl the inhibition of naloxone binding by E, OCT and ISO was greatly potentiated, whereas that by OCI and IND was attenuated. KCl (100 mM) was equally effective as NaCl on the action of anesthetics, but the effect of the excitant drugs was, in contrast to NaCl, unaffected by KCl. Specific binding of [3H]ouabain in the absence of Na, was depressed by anesthetics and enhanced by neuroexcitants. In the presence of NaCl, which by itself inhibits ouabain binding to brain, both anesthetics and excitants enhanced ouabain binding. DDE, a non-insecticidal analog of DDT, and the dimethyl derivative of the OCI, lindane, were inactive in the receptor assays. These observations point to a unique isolated system which responds consistently to anesthetic agents as a class and, in a different way, to neuroexcitant compounds.     

Learning and forgetting new names and objects in MCI and AD

We studied how subjects with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), early Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched controls learned and maintained the names of unfamiliar objects that were trained with or without semantic support (object definitions). Naming performance, phonological cueing, incidental learning of the definitions and recognition of the objects were tested during follow-up. We found that word learning was significantly impaired in MCI and AD patients, whereas forgetting patterns were similar across groups. Semantic support showed a beneficial effect on object name retrieval in the MCI group 8 weeks after training, suggesting that the MCI patients’ preserved semantic memory can compensate for impaired episodic memory. The MCI group performed equally well as the controls in the tasks measuring incidental learning and recognition memory, whereas the AD group showed impairment in this respect. Both the MCI and the AD group benefited less from phonological cueing than the controls. Our findings indicate that word learning is compromised in both MCI and AD, whereas long-term retention of newly learned words is not affected to the same extent. Incidental learning and recognition memory seem to be well preserved in MCI.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统 ,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达 ,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关。近年的研究表明 ,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白 ,能与多种因子如SV4 0大T抗原 ,腺病毒E1A ,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p5 3等结合 ,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb。necdin基因缺陷时 ,会引起脑内 ,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍。人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区 ,可能与PWS的一些症状有关。本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况 ,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述     

Satellite cells and myonuclei in young and elderly women and men

The overall aim of this study was to assess the effects of aging on the satellite cell population. Muscle biopsies were taken from the tibialis anterior muscle of healthy, moderately active young (age range, 20-32 years; n = 31) and elderly (age range, 70-83 years; n = 27) women and men with comparable physical activity pattern. Satellite cells and myonuclei were visualized using a monoclonal antibody against neural cell adhesion molecule and counterstained with Mayer's hematoxylin. An average of 211 (range, 192-241) muscle fibers were examined for each individual. Compared with the young women and men, the elderly subjects had a significantly lower (P < 0.011) number of satellite cells per muscle fiber but a significantly higher (P < 0.004) number of myonuclei per muscle fiber. The number of satellite cells relative to the total number of nuclei [satellite cells/(myonuclei + satellite cells)] was significantly lower in the elderly than in the young women and men. These results imply that a reduction in the satellite cell population occurs as a result of increasing age in healthy men and women.     

Necdin蛋白与神经元的生长分化

在神经系统,Necdin只在成熟神经元的细胞核中表达,可能与成熟神经元分裂静止状态的保持有关.近年的研究表明,Necdin是一种生长抑制蛋白,能与多种因子如SV40大T抗原,腺病毒E1A,转录因子E2F1以及肿瘤抑制蛋白p53等结合,在功能上类似于成视网膜瘤蛋白Rb.necdin基因缺陷时,会引起脑内,特别是下丘脑神经元分化障碍.人类necdin基因位于PWS综合征的基因缺失区,可能与PWS的一些症状有关.本文从Necdin蛋白的基本概况,生物功能以及Necdin与疾病三个方面进行了综述.     

Retrospective and prospective design and data

The study of the presentation, symptomatology and family characteristics of an exclusively adolescent sample of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) was undertaken. Twenty-four cases of borderline personality disorder, 20 females, 4 males, identified using chart review and meeting the criteria of the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines (DIB) and DSM III-R, were matched with psychiatric controls. Adolescents with borderline personality disorder were found to have high rates of affective symptomatology with Axis I diagnosis of major depressive disorder - MDD (DSM-III-R), and high rates of interpersonal psychopathology, i.e., manipulation, devaluation, and a pervasive sense of boredom. The latter seem to be characteristic as for adults with borderline personality disorder. The families were particularly angry and volatile.     

Cortisol levels and depression in men and women using heroin and cocaine

Abnormalities in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis are well documented in men using illicit drugs and/or infected with HIV; however, less is known about HPA function, or the health consequence of HPA dysfunction, in their female counterparts. People with depression exhibit hypercortisolemia, and depression is common in people with HIV or substance use problems. The current study investigated cortisol secretion in 209 demographically matched men and women, stratified by their HIV and drug use status. Self-reported depressive symptoms were evaluated using a standardized, validated questionnaire (CES-D). Women reported more depressive symptoms than men (p=.01). Male and female drug users exhibited higher cortisol concentrations (p=.03), and were more likely to report depressive symptoms (p=.04), than non-users. Depression was related to elevated cortisol concentrations for the study population (p=.03), and women with elevated cortisol concentrations were significantly more depressed than all other participants (p=.05). While it is unknown whether high cortisol concentrations precede depressive symptoms or vice versa, these data indicate that higher cortisol concentrations are associated with depressive symptoms in heroin and cocaine users, and that this association is more pronounced in women than men. HIV status did not act in an additive or synergistic way with drug use for either cortisol or CES-D measures in the current study. Unique therapies to treat the endocrine and mental health consequences of illicit drug use in men and women deserve consideration as depressive symptoms, and high cortisol concentrations associated with depressive symptoms, differ by gender.     

相关性和一致性：这对相仿概念和测量方法的回顾与阐明

概述：一致性(agreement)和相关性(correlation)是两个广泛使用的概念,用来评估变量之间的关联。虽然二者相似且相关,但是它们代表关联完全不同的概念。评估变量之间的一致性假设变量测量的是相同的结构,而在变量测量完全不同的结构时也可以评估它们之间的相关性。这种概念上的差异就要求使用不同的统计方法,并且当评估一致性或相关性时,统计方法根据数据的分布和研究者的兴趣可能会有所不同。例如, Pearson相关性,作为评估连续变量之间相关性的一种普遍测量方法,只有用于符合线性关系的变量时才能提供有用的信息;当用于不符合线性关系的变量时就无法提供准确信息甚至会产生误导。同样地,内部相关性,作为一种评估连续变量之间一致性的常用方法,如果一致性不好的实质正好是研究兴趣所在,那么该测量就不能为研究者提供充分的信息。本报告回顾了一致性和相关性的概念,并讨论了几种常用方法在应用中的差异。