《现代介入性超声诊断与治疗》述评

现代生物医学工程技术的不断研发，大大推动了介入超声诊断和治疗技术的发展。目前国内缺乏全面、系统、权威性的介入性超声医学书籍。由美国Thomas Jefferson大学医院超声研究所刘吉斌教授为主编，邀请中美50多位著名学者共同编写的《现代介入性超声诊断与治疗》一书，融入了众多专家的宝贵经验，反映了当代介入性超声最新成果和进展，代表了现代介入性超声的国际水平，具有现实的指导意义和参考价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在成人重复肾诊断中的应用

重复肾是一种常见的。肾脏畸形，近年来时有超声诊断重复肾的报道，临床泌尿外科也常有报道重复肾异位输尿管畸形的诊断和治疗。本文旨在通过对2005～2006年收集的4例成人重复肾病例进行回顾性分析，以探讨超声在重复肾诊断及治疗中的应用价值。     

高强度聚焦超声治疗骨肿瘤15例

高强度聚焦超声（High intensity focused ultrasound,HIFU）治疗仪是近年来国内研发的具有独立知识产权的一种非侵入性局部物理治疗肿瘤的新设备,它将高能量的超声波聚焦于肿瘤组织内,使靶区组织瞬间发生凝固坏死,从而达到治疗肿瘤的目的。目前应用HIFU治疗恶性骨肿瘤的报道不少,但用于治疗良性骨肿瘤的不多,我院应用HIFU治疗良恶性骨肿瘤,疗效较好,现报告如下。     

超声诊断尿道狭窄

尿道逆行造影是诊断尿道狭窄的常用手段，但因其不能精确估计狭窄长度及操作时医生和患者均要接受X线照射，人们一直在探索一种更好的诊断方法。1988年McAninch等首次报道了超声在尿道狭窄诊断中的应用，大量临床资料证明，尿道超声技术是诊断前尿道狭窄安全可靠的方法。     

体表超声对胃癌临床分期的价值探讨

在消化道肿瘤中，胃癌的发病率占首位。临床实践己经证明超声对胃癌的定性诊断具有较高的价值。但胃癌的临床分期与预后、治疗方案的选择密切相关。本文通过对36例胃癌胃壁浸润深度及周围组织和脏器情况的观察，探讨体表超声在胃癌临床分期中的应用价值。     

不典型小肾癌超声误诊分析

近年来,随着医学影像诊断技术的发展,越来越多的小肾癌被发现,许多学者总结了小肾癌的超声声像图特点,但对于一些声像图不典型的小肾癌,如果认识不足,警惕性不够,就容易漏诊误诊。本研究分析我院2007～2010年经手术、病理确诊为小肾癌，而超声诊断为肥大。肾柱、肾囊肿及错构瘤的16例患者临床资料，报道如下。     

超声靶向微泡破裂在分子生物学中的应用

超声微泡自1968年由Gramiak及Shah报道发现至今,已广泛应用于提高超声诊断的分辨力、敏感性和特异性。然而超声微泡的作用并不仅仅局限于临床超声诊断,近年来,超声靶向微泡破裂(ultrasound-targeted microbubble destruction,UTMD)技术在分子生物学领域迅速发展,利用微泡在超声介导下的空化效应可以达到靶向给药、靶向治疗的作用。Lawrie等[1]发现使用超声联合微泡造影剂对血管内皮细胞进行质粒DNA转染,     

超声心动图诊断心脏恶性肿瘤

超声心动图诊断心脏恶性肿瘤王廉一李越温朝阳心内肿瘤良性者多见，且以心房粘液瘤居多。恶性肿瘤虽占心脏肿瘤的比例较小，但其预后差，及时诊断，有助于治疗。超声诊断易与良性肿瘤混淆。本文报道两例心脏恶性肿瘤的超声表现及诊断。１病例报导例１男，４２岁。因劳力性...     

超声影像学技术在临床麻醉中的应用进展

超声技术近年来备受麻醉医师的青睐,并被广泛及快速应用于围术期各项操作、诊断和评估。其中包括超声引导神经阻滞技术、超声引导血管穿刺技术、超声引导胃容量判断技术、超声引导血管容量判断技术、超声引导心脏功能诊断技术、超声引导肺诊断技术、超声引导气管导管定位技术等。本文回顾近年来国内外学者对超声技术的应用及研究,对其在临床麻醉中的应用进展进行综述。     

超声造影对肝脏良恶性占位性病变的鉴别诊断

实时超声造影技术自应用于临床以来，其价值成为近年来研究的热点。我们对本组25例肝脏占位性病变患者进行的实时灰阶超声造影检查分析，旨在探讨超声造影对肝脏良恶性占位性病变的诊断及鉴别诊断，报道如下。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.