中国成人低血压患病率及其相关因素

目的 了解我国成人低血压患病率及其相关因素.方法 利用2004年中国慢性病及其危险因素监测的资料,以收缩压≤98 mmHg且舒张压≤60 mmHg做为低血压的定义,计算低血压患病率并采用χ2检验和多元Logistic回归模型分析不同人群低血压患病率的差异及不同因素与低血压患病的相关性.结果 我国成人低血压患病率为1.9%,男、女性人群低血压患病率分别为1.1%和2.6%.多因素分析结果显示女性更易罹患低血压,年龄、BMI和健康自评与低血压患病呈负相关.结论 我国成人低血压患病率较之前的调查有所下降,女性、低年龄组、体重较轻者以及自我感觉健康状况较差者是低血压防治的重点人群.     

2002—2012年中国成年居民低血压患病率变化

目的分析2002年和2010—2012年中国成年居民低血压患病率及其变化。方法数据来源于"2002年中国居民营养与健康状况调查"和"2010—2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测"的血压测量数据。2002年调查采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样,有完整血压数据的18岁及以上成年居民147 488人,其中男性64 869人,女性82 619人,城市居民50 123人,农村居民97 365人,北方居民71 078人,南方居民76 410人。2010—2012年调查采用多阶段分层与人口成比例整群随机抽样方法,有完整血压数据的18岁及以上成年居民120 427人,其中男性52 499人,女性67 928人,城市居民60 214人,农村居民60 213人,北方居民53 863人,南方居民66 564人。血压测量采用标准汞柱式血压计,取3次的平均值。以收缩压≤98 mm Hg且舒张压≤60 mm Hg为低血压的判断标准,2002年和2010—2012年数据结果均采用2009年国家统计局公布的人口数据,进行复杂抽样加权处理,计算不同人群低血压患病率及95%CI,率的比较采用卡方检验,采用SURVEYLOGISTIC模型对低血压患病因素进行多因素分析。结果 2002年中国成年居民低血压总患病率为3. 0%,男性为1. 9%,女性为4. 1%,城市居民为2. 7%,农村居民为3. 3%,北方居民为2. 8%,南方居民为3. 2%;不同年龄组中18～44岁人群低血压患病率最高,为4. 3%;不同体质指数人群中,低体重人群低血压患病率高,为7. 0%。2010—2012年中国成年人低血压患病率为2. 1%,男性为1. 1%,女性为3. 2%,城市居民为1. 9%,农村居民为2. 2%,北方居民为1. 8%,南方居民为2. 3%;不同年龄组中18～44岁人群低血压患病率最高,为3. 1%;不同体质指数人群中,低体重人群低血压患病率高,为7. 4%。2010—2012年中国成年居民低血压总患病率低于2002年,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=624. 3,P<0. 0001)。2002年和2010—2012年中国成年居民低血压患病率均随着年龄的增长而下降,男女低血压患病率也随着年龄的增长而下降,女性高于男性,低年龄组高于高年龄组,低体重人群高于正常人群,差异有统计学意义;低血压患病情况多因素Logistic回归分析结果也显示低年龄组、女性、低体重人群更易罹患低血压。结论2002年和2010—2012年中国成年居民低血压总患病率和男女低血压患病率均随着年龄的增长而下降,女性高于男性,低年龄组高于高年龄组,低体重人群高于正常人群。18～44岁、女性和低体重人群更易罹患低血压。与2002年相比,2010—2012年中国成年居民低血压总患病率呈下降趋势。     

城区居民高血压患病相关因素调查分析

[目的]了解江东区高血压患病相关危险因素及保护因素,为预防与控制提供科学依据。[方法]据2002年及2004年两组调查资料,用logistic回归分析高血压患病率及相关因素。[结果]2002年调查全部居民高血压患病率8.2%,患病率随年龄增大显著升高,35岁以上高血压患病率13.4%;2004年调查35岁以上高血压患病率31.3%。lo-gistic回归分析高血压保护因素有在岗就业、职业性活动量多;高血压危险因素有年龄大、体重指数高、患糖尿病、睡眠差。[结论]年龄、体重指数是本区居民高血压患病最重要的两个危险因素,其次为睡眠差和患糖尿病等,应针对上述因素开展相关的预防控制措施。     

厦门市居民高尿酸血症与膳食嘌呤摄入的相关性研究

目的探讨厦门市居民高尿酸血症与膳食嘌呤摄入之间的关系。方法于2016年4～8月,多阶段分层整群随机抽取厦门市18岁以上的常住居民,对其进行健康问卷调查、膳食调查、体格检查和实验室检查。结果本次共调查2827人,平均年龄(36.9±14.5)岁,男性占43.1%。高尿酸血症患病率为27.2%,男性(36.1%)患病率高于女性(20.5%),各年龄组患病率逐渐升高。调查人群平均每标准人日摄入嘌呤总量为(448.82±4.40)mg,动物性食物中畜禽肉类食物嘌呤贡献率最高(30.3%),鱼虾蟹贝类次之(17.9%);植物性食物中,米及其制品的嘌呤贡献率最高(26.3%),蔬菜类次之(9.1%),豆类、菌藻类、坚果和水果的贡献率分别为8.8%、4.8%、0.8%和0.6%。男性膳食嘌呤摄入量大于女性(P0.001)。男性人群中,饮酒、高BMI、高血压、高次黄嘌呤摄入是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素。女性中高年龄组、高BMI、高血压是高尿酸血症患病的危险因素。结论厦门市居民高尿酸血症患病率较高,膳食嘌呤摄入较高,男女性HUA患病的危险因素不同,针对不同人群应给予不同的干预方案。[营养学报,2019,41(1):20-23,29]     

2006～2007年溧阳市城乡居民高血压患病及其影响因素分析

[目的]了解溧阳市居民高血压的患病率及其影响因素,以便提出有针对性的防治对策。[方法]2006~2007年在溧阳市抽取10个乡镇的20个自然村,对全部常住居民进行高血压患病情况调查,并对高血压患病的影响因素进行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析。[结果]调查4090人(男性1884人,女性2206人),高血压患者856例,高血压患病率为20.93%,标化患病率为15.87%。高血压患病率,男性为22.51%,女性为19.58%(P<0.05);男性、女性不同年龄人群的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);农民为20.98%,其他人群为9.92%(P<0.01);文盲、半文盲为21.26%,小学文化为20.19%,初中文化者为23.53%,高中以上文化者为12.19%(P<0.01)。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果,年龄、家族史、饮酒和腰围为高血压的危险因素,OR值分别为1.25、11.86、1.44、1.82。[结论]溧阳市居民高血压患病率偏低,高血压危险因素主要是年龄大、有高血压家族史、饮酒和腰围大。     

上海市金山区15～70岁居民高血压患病率及危险因素分析

[目的]了解上海市金山区15～70岁居民的高血压患病率及其相关危险因素. [方法]采用分层整群随机的方法抽取金山区2个社区15～70岁居民945人开展问卷调查和体格检查. [结果]上海市金山区15～70岁居民的高血压患病率为23.2%,不同年龄组之间差异有统计学意义(x2=65.002,P<0.01),随年龄增长高血压患病率的上升趋势明显.年龄、糖尿病、高血脂、腰围超标和高血压家族史为本区居民患高血压的主要危险因素. [结论]本区居民高血压患病率处于较高水平,在高血压防制上要结合其流行特征,对具有危险因素的高危人群进行早期干预.     

石家庄市高血压患病现状及防治策略研究

[目的]了解2008年石家庄市15～69岁居民高血压患病现状及其主要危险因素,为制定高血压防治策略提供科学依据。[方法]采用分层整群随机抽样方法调查石家庄市23个县(市)、区中抽取的9个县(市)区的7668名15～69岁常住居民,调查方法包括问卷调查、体格测量和实验室检查。[结果]高血压患病率为27.2%(标化率25.8%),居各类慢性病首位;男性高血压患病率为26.3%,女性为27.8%,男女间差异无统计学意义(P﹥0.05);高血压患病率随年龄的增长而升高(P﹤0.01);城市高血压患病率(37.4%)高于农村(25.9%,P﹤0.01);高年龄、向心性肥胖、糖尿病、精神因素是高血压的主要危险因素,高文化程度是高血压的保护因素。[结论]石家庄市居民高血压患病率较高,应采取以全人群健康教育为主,个体干预为辅的综合防治措施,提高全人群高血压防治知识水平,提高高血压知晓率、治疗率、控制率,进而达到预防心脑血管理疾病的目的。     

河北省低血压患病分布的回顾性调查

[目的]了解河北省成年居民低血压分布特征,为疾病防治提供依据.[方法]采用2004年河北省成年居民慢性病相关危险因素调查的数据库进行回顾性调查分析,调查采用多阶段随机抽样的方法,抽取代表性样本进行调查.[结果]低血压患病率3.2%,标化率为5.3%.女性患病率4.0%明显高于男性2.0%(χ2=13.134,P＜0.01),城市4.0%高于农村2.9%(χ2=3.525,P＞0.05).小于65岁人群随着年龄的增加,低血压患病率下降.不定时吃饭者、自已感觉较瘦和精神状况较差者低血压患病率较高.Logictic回归分析显示:女性和不定时吃饭是其危险因素(OR=2.834,1.320),年龄、体重指数和腰围与低血压呈负相关(OR=0.350,0.419,0.467).[结论]河北省低血压患病率较高,对女性和体重较轻者应重点进行健康促进,低血压对健康的影响还需进一步的研究.     

广州市非体力劳动中老年人的脂肪肝患病情况分析

[目的]调查广州市非体力劳动中老年人的脂肪肝患病情况并探讨中老年人脂肪肝的相关危险因素。[方法]对广州市区和郊区的企、事业单位的2913名中老年人体检资料进行统计分析。[结果]脂肪肝的总体患病率为11.77%,男性患病率为13.00%,女性患病率为9.79%,男性明显高于女性(χ2=6.81,P﹤0.05)。50～59岁年龄组患病率最高为12.14%。男性40～49岁年龄组患病率明显高于同年龄组的女性(χ2=13.16,P﹤0.05),50岁以后女性患病率逐渐上升。脂肪肝人群的体重指数(BMI)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)和空腹血糖(FSG)高于非脂肪肝人群,超重和肥胖、甘油三酯增高、总胆固醇增高、空腹血糖增高和糖尿病的检出率也显著高于非脂肪肝人群。高体重指数、高甘油三酯、高总胆固醇、高空腹血糖是脂肪肝的危险因素。[结论]脂肪肝是广州市中老年人的常见病,与体重指数、甘油三酯、总胆固醇、空腹血糖密切相关。提倡合理膳食、加强体育锻炼,控制体重与脂肪摄入有助于控制脂肪肝的流行。     

2005年许昌市魏都区居民高血压患病率及影响因素调查

[目的]了解许昌市魏都区居民高血压的患病及其影响因素,为卫生行政部门制定预防与控制策略提供参考依据.[方法]利用2005年许昌市魏都区居民营养与健康调查的资料进行高血压患病情况及其影响因素分析.[结果]调查15岁以上常住居民4 870人,高血压1 066例,高血压患病率为21.90%,标化患病率为12.00%.其中,男性为12.10%,女性为12.30%.男性、女性和男女合计的高血压患病率均随年龄增长而上升(P＜0.01).非条件Logistic回归分析结果,影响高血压的主要因素有年龄、体重指数、高血压家族史,OR值分别为2.334、1.594、1.469.[结论]许昌市居民高血压患病率较高,年龄大、高血压家族史和超重肥胖是高血压的主要危险因素.     

Epidemiologic studies of Cyclospora cayetanensis in Guatemala

In 1996 and 1997, cyclosporiasis outbreaks in North America were linked to eating Guatemalan raspberries. We conducted a study in health-care facilities and among raspberry farm workers, as well as a case-control study, to assess risk factors for the disease in Guatemala. From April 6, 1997, to March 19, 1998, 126 (2.3%) of 5, 552 surveillance specimens tested positive for Cyclospora; prevalence peaked in June (6.7%). Infection was most common among children 1.5 to 9 years old and among persons with gastroenteritis. Among 182 raspberry farm workers and family members monitored from April 6 to May 29, six had Cyclospora infection. In the case-control analysis, 62 (91%) of 68 persons with Cyclospora infection reported drinking untreated water in the 2 weeks before illness, compared with 88 (73%) of 120 controls (odds ratio [OR] 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.4, 10.8 by univariate analysis). Other risk factors included water source, type of sewage drainage, ownership of chickens or other fowl, and contact with soil (among children younger than 2 years).     

北京市公务员超重、肥胖及生活方式调查

目的了解北京市公务员的超重、肥胖及生活方式状况,为相关干预措施的开展提供理论依据。方法本调查采取普查的方式,对49家北京市机关在编的全体公务员进行自填式问卷调查。结果被调查公务员中,超重率为37.3%,肥胖率为9.1%。超重肥胖者的总吸烟率是55.3%,其中男性吸烟率66.8%,女性吸烟率5.2%,51~60岁人群吸烟率最高;超重和肥胖者中几乎每天都饮酒的占9.6%,男性饮酒的频率高于女性,年龄较大者高于年龄较小者。在体育锻炼方面,超重和肥胖的调查者中仅有23.0%进行规律的体育锻炼,年长者进行规律锻炼的比例明显高于年轻者;公务员中超重肥胖者每天静坐6小时以上者占42.2%,女性、年龄较小者静坐时间长;其平均睡眠时间为6.8小时;25.2%的被调查者最近两周有不能排解的心理压力,年龄越小者报告最近两周有不能排解的心理压力的比例越大。多因素Logistic回归分析显示:吸烟、高频率饮酒和高频率油炸食品的摄入是超重/肥胖的危险因素,而常进行体育锻炼、新鲜水果的摄入则是保护因素。结论北京市公务员中超重、肥胖患病率较高,普遍存在着行为、饮食方面的不良习惯,应该尽快采取综合措施,开展针对性干预措施。     

2005年新泰市艾滋病资料分析

[目的]明确新泰市今后艾滋病防治的重点人群,为制定艾滋病防治战略规划和决策提供依据。[方法]2006年1月,对新泰市艾滋病的流行现状、各种影响因素及开展艾滋病防治工作的有利因素进行调查分析。[结果]截止2005年底,新泰市累积发现艾滋病病毒（HIV）感染者15例（均为有既往有偿献血史的农民）,现存活HIV感染者9例,其中艾滋病病人2例。大众人群、青少年、性服务人员、HIV感染者、流动人口艾滋病防治知识知晓率分别为62．53％、64．15％、72．26％、75．56％、51．33％;性服务人员最近1次性服务安全套使用率为64．96％,HIV感染者夫妻间最近1次性生活安全套使用率为4／9。目前既往有偿献血（浆）人员5505人中5504人已接受HIV抗体检测。估计有性服务人员600余人,男男同性恋者76人,流动人口51347人,在校学生17万余人。乡村诊所医用高压锅拥有率为67．94％,治疗室紫外线灯拥有率为52．89％,33．61％的医务人员知道普遍性防护原则。[结论]性传播、医源性传播是新泰市今后艾滋病流行的潜在危险因素,HIV感染者与艾滋病病人及其配偶（性伴）、暗娼、性病病人、流动人口、同性恋、医疗卫生人员、青少年是艾滋病防治的重点人群。     

A cross-sectional survey of respiratory and general health outcomes among semiconductor industry workers

As part of the Semiconductor Health Study, we performed a cross-sectional survey to assess prevalence of specific nonreproductive health outcomes and their association with occupational exposures. A total of 3,175 persons from eight manufacturing sites across the U.S. completed a health and work questionnaire (78% participation rate). After adjusting for confounders, responses from fabrication room (fab) workers indicated a greater risk than those of nonfab workers for upper respiratory symptoms (relative risk [RR] = 1.08; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03-1.13); a dose-response effect with hours per day spent in fabs was observed. Fab workers also had greater prevalence for persistent wheezing (RR = 1.82; 95% CI = 1.15-2.87), Dermatitis within the past year (RR = 1.19; 95% CI = 1.04-1.35), and alopecia (RR = 1.73; 95% CI = 1.16-2.54). Female sex, a somatization index score, and smoking were important nonoccupational covariates. Increased respiratory symptoms MAy result from occupational exposures in fabs; further research is needed to identify causal agents and develop prevention strategies.     

江门市居民亚健康状况及其影响因素分析

目的了解广东省江门市居民亚健康状况及其影响因素,为采取有效的保健措施及制定健康促进策略提供参考依据。方法采用随机抽样方法抽取2010年10月—2011年5月在江门市疾病预防控制中心体检中心进行健康体检的5 896名体检者进行问卷调查。结果调查的5 896名体检者中,检出亚健康者2 136人,占36.23%;其中生理亚健康846人,占亚健康者总数的39.61%,心理亚健康623人,占亚健康者总数的29.17%,社会亚健康667人,占亚健康者总数的31.22%;多因素Logistic回归分析结果表明,女性、经常患病、工作时间>12 h/d、饮酒、经常饮食不正常、不注意和完全不理会饮食结构和营养是居民亚健康状况的危险因素;年龄30～49岁、除工人外的其他职业、文化程度高中/中专以上、混合型性格、工作时间5～6 h/d、心理状态和社会适应能力较好是江门市居民亚健康状况的保护因素。结论江门市亚健康人群比例较高,性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、患病情况、性格类型、工作时间、饮酒、饮食情况、饮食类型、心理状态和社会适应能力是居民亚健康状况发生的影响因素。     

Socio-economic determinants of household out-of-pocket payments on healthcare in Pakistan

Introduction

Teenagers younger than 15 are five times more likely to die during pregnancy or childbirth than women in their twenties and mortality rates for their infants are higher as well. This study was therefore designed to determine the recent prevalence and identify factors associated with teenage pregnancy in a rural town in Nigeria.

Methods

This study is an analytical comparative cross-sectional study. A total sample of all pregnant women attending the primary health care in Sagamu local government area, Ogun State within a 2 months period were recruited into the study.

Results

A total of 225 pregnant women were recruited into the study. The prevalence of teenage pregnancy was 22.9%. Teenagers [48.2%] reported more unwanted pregnancy when compared with the older age group [13.6%] [OR?=?5.91, C.I?=?2.83-12.43]. About half 33 [41.1%] of the teenage pregnant women and 28.6% of the older pregnant women did not know how to correctly use condom to prevent pregnancy [OR?=?0.57, C.I?=?0.29-1.13]. Predictors of teenage pregnancy were low social class (OR?=?2.25, C.I?=?1.31-3.85], Religion (OR?=?0.44, C.I?=?0.21-0.91], being a student (OR?=?3.27, C.I?=?1.02-10.46) and having a white collar job (OR?=?0.09, C.I?=?0.01-0.81).

Conclusion

The study concludes that employment in an established organization (white collar job) is highly protective against teenage pregnancy while students are becoming increasingly prone to early pregnancy. Government should structure employment in low income countries in such a way as to give a quota to adolescents who are unable to continue their education.     

Health status of physicians in Hungary: a representative study

BACKGROUND: A growing body of evidence in the international literature suggests that the prevalence of psychiatric morbidity including suicide is high among physicians. In addition, data published by Hungarian researchers in the early 1990-ies showed high prevalence of somatic morbidity in this population. Based on these data, it is hypothesised that the prevalence of psychiatric and somatic morbidity is higher among physicians in Hungary compared to the white collar population. AIMS: To assess the psychiatric and somatic health status of physicians as well as the prevalence of role conflict among female physicians in Hungary using a representative sample. METHODS: Data for this epidemiological study were collected from 407 physicians using questionnaires. 1752 white collar female and male workers from a representative survey (Hungarostudy 2002) served as controls. RESULTS: It is found that the prevalence of chronic somatic morbidity among both female and male physicians was significantly higher than that in the respective control groups. The prevalence of malignancies, diabetes, renal impairment, hypertension, myocardial infarction and cardiovascular diseases, and gastrointestinal ulcers was higher among male physicians compared to control. Female physicians exhibited higher prevalence of malignant diseases, hypertension, myocardial infarction, bronchial asthma, other pulmonary and cardiovascular diseases, allergies, gastrointestinal diseases including ulcer, ophthalmologic and gynaecological disorders compared with the normative population. This study is the first in Hungary to report a significantly higher prevalence of maternal reproductive morbidity including miscarriage, therapeutic termination of pregnancy, high-risk pregnancy among female physicians compared to women in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Correlation analyses confirmed a significant relationship between high prevalence of morbidity and long working hours (> 8 hours), severe anxiety and stress, and role conflict.     

学龄儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠健康状况的研究

[目的]了解家庭及社会环境对学龄儿童睡眠状况的影响,以改善儿童睡眠状况。[方法]采用分层随机整群抽样抽取西安市2037名小学生为研究对象,用修改后的《学龄儿童家庭社会环境与睡眠健康问卷》对儿童家长进行调查。[结果]学生睡眠障碍者834例（40．9％）,其中男455例（54．6％）,女379例（45．4％）;1～3年级睡眠障碍者322例（38．6％）,4～6年级512例（61．4％）,不同性别、不同年级差异均有高度显著性。平时睡眠时间为（9．34-0．9）h,周末或节假日为（9．54±1．1）h。Logistic回归分析发现,影响儿童睡眠的因素为看电视时间、家人就寝时间、家族睡眠疾病史及父母或看护人文化程度。[结论]家庭和社会环境对儿童的睡眠起很大作用,建立良好的家庭和社会环境,是改善儿童睡眠状况、降低儿童睡眠障碍发生率的重要措施。     

HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of transgender persons: implications for public health intervention

OBJECTIVES: This study described HIV prevalence, risk behaviors, health care use, and mental health status of male-to-female and female-to-male transgender persons and determined factors associated with HIV. METHODS: We recruited transgender persons through targeted sampling, respondent-driven sampling, and agency referrals; 392 male-to-female and 123 female-to-male transgender persons were interviewed and tested for HIV. RESULTS: HIV prevalence among male-to-female transgender persons was 35%. African American race (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 5.81; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.82, 11.96), a history of injection drug use (OR = 2.69; 95% CI = 1.56, 4.62), multiple sex partners (adjusted OR = 2.64; 95% CI = 1.50, 4.62), and low education (adjusted OR = 2.08; 95% CI = 1.17, 3.68) were independently associated with HIV. Among female-to-male transgender persons, HIV prevalence (2%) and risk behaviors were much lower. Most male-to-female (78%) and female-to-male (83%) transgender persons had seen a medical provider in the past 6 months. Sixty-two percent of the male-to-female and 55% of the female-to-male transgender persons were depressed; 32% of each population had attempted suicide. CONCLUSIONS: High HIV prevalence suggests an urgent need for risk reduction interventions for male-to-female transgender persons. Recent contact with medical providers was observed, suggesting that medical providers could provide an important link to needed prevention, health, and social services.     

丽水市区2～3岁儿童行为问题调查分析

【目的】了解丽水市区儿童行为问题的发生情况,促进儿童心理健康发展。【方法】采用Achenbach儿童行为量表(2~3岁),对丽水市区856名2~3岁儿童进行调查。【结果】2~3岁儿童行为问题的检出率11.10%,男童11.82%,女童10.34%;2岁11.44%,3岁10.79%;睡眠、躯体不适、攻击性、破坏、社交退缩因子随年龄增加而下降,但年龄组之间差异均无显著性;睡眠、攻击性、破坏因子男童检出率均高于女童,但差异无显著性(P>0.05)。【结论】为降低儿童行为问题的发生率,应有针对性地开展儿童心理卫生保健,采取综合的干预措施。