冠心病患者血管内皮细胞损伤的研究

为探讨内皮细胞损伤和肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）在冠心病发病中的意义，我们测定了３６例冠心病患者外周血中循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）、ＴＮＦ和内皮素（ＥＴ）含量，发现这些指标均显著高于３０例对照组（Ｐ值均〈０．０１），且与临床病情严重程度相平行，提示血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）和ＴＮＦ可能参与ＣＨＤ的发生发展过程。     

冠心病患者循环内皮细胞与血浆内皮素的相关性研究

为探讨冠心病患者血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）损伤与血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）浓度的关系，本文以循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）数量作为在体判断ＶＥＣ损伤的指示物，同时以放免法检测血浆ＥＴ含量，对３６例冠心病患者与３０例正常人进行研究。结果：冠心病组与正常组相比，ＣＥＣ数量和血浆ＥＴ浓度显著增高（Ｐ＜０．００１）ＣＥＣ数量与血浆ＥＴ浓度呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８１，Ｐ＜０．００１）。提示冠心病患者存在明显的ＶＥＣ损伤和ＥＦ分泌增多，两者共同参与冠心病的病理过程。     

冠心病患者循环血中肿瘤坏死因子、内皮素含量的测定及意义

测定３０例急性心肌梗塞（ＡＭＩ）和２７例心绞痛（ＡＰ）患者循环血中肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）、内皮素（ＥＴ）含量，并与正常人对比，以探讨ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ在冠心病发病中的意义。结果表明：ＡＭＩ组及ＡＰ组血ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ水平均显著高于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）；ＡＭＩ组血ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ水平亦显著高于ＡＰ组（Ｐ＜００１）；冠心病患者血ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ水平呈正相关关系（ｒ＝０．６２，Ｐ＜００１）。提示ＴＮＦ、ＥＴ可能参与冠心病的发病及演变过程，且两者可能起协同作用。     

内皮细胞损伤在冠心病患者中的发病学意义

用循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）检测作为在体判断血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）损伤的指示物，ＣＥＣ经免疫荥光ＶＩＩＩ因子相关抗原鉴定，结合血脂质过氧化物丙二醛（ＭＤＡ）含量测定，观察了２７例冠心病患者外周血ＣＥＣ和ＭＤＡ变化，并与正常人正常人及自身治疗前后对照。结果示冠心病病人ＣＥＣ数和ＭＤＡ含量显著高于正常，两指标呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．８０２），ＣＥＣ数与冠心病病情严重程度一致。提示血脂质过氧化物致ＶＥＣ损伤在     

充血性心力衰竭患者血管内皮细胞损伤及其临床意义

血中循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）检测，是血管内皮细胞损伤的指标。ＣＥＣ用免疫荧光ＶＩＩＩ因子相关抗原鉴定，并测定血中脂质过氧化物（ＭＤＡ）变化。本文对４２例有充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）患者与正常人、无ＣＨＦ的心脏病患者及治疗前后对照。结果显示，ＣＨＦ患者ＣＥＣ数和ＭＤＡ含量显著高于正常人及无ＣＨＦ的心脏病患者，两指标呈显著正相关（ｒ＝０．７５），ＣＥＣ数与ＣＨＦ患者病情严重程度相关。这提示，ＣＨＦ时伴有明显的血管内皮细胞损伤，还可能与脂质过氧化损伤有关。本文讨论了血管内皮损伤在ＣＨＦ病理生理过程中的意义，并提出ＣＥＣ检测可能作为临床判断病情的一项参考指标。     

脑梗塞患者炎性因子、血管活性肽含量变化及相互关系的研究

目的 探讨ＴＮＦ－α，ＩＬ－２和ＥＴ，ＣＧＲＰ的含量变化与脑梗塞发生的相互关系，方法 应用放射免疫分析法，检测了３４例脑梗塞患得及３０例正常人外用血和脑脊液中ＴＮＦ－αＩＬ－２，ＥＴ，ＣＧＲＰ含量。结果 脑梗塞患者血，脑脊液中ＴＮＦ－α，ＩＬ－２含量均显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．００１）。外周血ＥＴ含量显著高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。脑脊液中ＣＧＲＰ含量则明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０５）。并且血中ＴＮＦ     

心力衰竭时内皮细胞损伤和功能变化的临床研究

为了解血管内皮细胞（ＶＥＣ）损伤及其功能变化与充血性心力衰竭（ＣＨＦ）的关系，我们以循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）作为ＶＥＣ损伤的指示物，以血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）、血管紧张素转换酶（ＡＣＥ）和前列环素（ＰＧＩ２）反映ＶＥＣ功能改变，对５４例ＣＨＦ患者与３０例正常人进行对比研究。结果表明：ＣＨＦ病人ＣＥＣ数量、ＥＴ浓度和ＡＣＥ活性明显增高，并与病情严重程度一致，轻度ＣＨＦ者，ＰＧＩ２增高，严重ＣＨＦ者ＰＧＩ２较正常降低，ＣＥＣ数与血ＥＴ和ＡＣＥ呈显著正相关，提示ＣＨＦ病人ＶＥＣ损伤，致其分泌的内皮源性舒张因子与收缩因子失平衡，参与了ＣＨＦ的病理过程。     

巨细胞病毒感染与动脉粥样硬化的临床研究

目的探讨人类巨细胞病毒（ＨＣＭＶ）感染、肿瘤坏死因子（ＴＮＦ）及血浆内皮素（ＥＴ）浓度与动脉粥样硬化的关系。方法采用间接免疫荧光技术测定急性心肌梗塞组（２０例）、冠状动脉狭窄组（２０例）及正常对照组（３０例）血清人类巨细胞病毒抗体，用放射免疫法测定血清ＴＮＦ及ＥＴ的浓度。结果急性心肌梗塞组ＨＣＭＶＩｇＭ阳性１４例（７０％），ＨＣＭＶＩｇＧ阳性２０例（１００％），ＨＣＭＶＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ双阳性１４例（７０％）；冠状动脉狭窄组ＨＣＭＶＩｇＭ阳性１９例（９５％），ＨＣＭＶＩｇＧ阳性１９例（９５％），ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ双阳性１８例（９０％）；正常对照组ＨＣＭＶＩｇＭ阳性６例（２０％），ＨＣＭＶＩｇＧ阳性２６例（８２％），ＩｇＭ、ＩｇＧ双阳性６例（２０％），与正常对照组比较，差异有显著性（Ｐ＜０００１，Ｐ＜００５，Ｐ＜０００１）；冠心病急性心肌梗塞组、冠状动脉狭窄组与正常对照组相比，血清ＴＮＦ、血浆ＥＴ显著增高（Ｐ＜０００１）。结论患者的ＨＣＭＶ感染、内皮细胞受损和ＴＮＦ作用可能参与了冠心病发生发展的过程。     

内皮细胞损伤在冠心病患者中的发病学意义

内皮细胞损伤在冠心病患者中的发病学意义杨丽霞，祝善俊中华内科杂志，１９９３，３２（１２）：８１６用循环内皮细胞（ＣＥＣ）检测作为判断在体血管内皮细胞损伤的指示物，ＣＥＣ经免疫荧光Ⅷ因子相关抗原鉴定，结合血脂质过氧化物丙二醛含量测定，观察了冠心病患者外...     

肿瘤坏死因子α在流行性出血热发病中的作用

在选择观察的６例流行性出血热（ＥＨＦ）患者中（重型２例，中型２例，轻型２例），发现有２例重型和１例中型患者的外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）表达肿瘤坏死因子α（ＴＮＦα）ＴｎＲＮＡ，特别以低血压休克期表达最为明显。同时应用免疫ＰＡＰ法对ＰＢＭＣ进行染色显示，病情重伴低血压休克或有明显肾功能损害的患者ＰＢＭＣ中ＴＮＦα阳性细胞数增加。ＥＨＦ患者除单核／巨噬细胞外，部分淋巴细胞和肾小管细胞ＴＮＦα染色亦呈阳性。动态观察ＥＨＦ患者（１０例重型、１０例中型、１０例轻型，其中包含前述６例患者）血浆ＴＮＦα变化发现，血浆ＴＮＦα的水平与临床症状程度成正比，重型病例的血浆ＴＮＦα水平要高于轻型的（发热期重型ｎ＝７，３１．６３±１２．３６ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，ｖｓ轻型ｎ＝１０，１９．８９±５．９４ｐｍｏｌ／Ｌ，Ｐ＜０．０５），同一病例发病的不同时期，以低血压休克期升高最为明显。血浆ＴＮＦα水平与肾小球滤过功能损伤、肾近端和远端小管损伤程度密切相关。揭示ＴＶＦα可能是造成ＥＨＦ发病，特别是低血压休克和肾损害的重要介质。应用单抗等拮抗ＴＮＦα，有可能成为今后ＥＨＦ临床治疗中一个重要的措施。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.