Method: Twenty-six patients with mild AD and 28 controls were tested in two conditions: with and without odor exposure. In each condition, participants were invited to retrieve two childhood memories, two adulthood memories, and two recent memories.
Results: Analysis showed that AD patients produced a higher number of and more specific childhood memories, adulthood memories, and recent memories after odor exposure than without odor.
Discussion: These findings demonstrate how odor exposure may alleviate anterograde and retrograde amnesia, at least when considering the ability of patients with mild AD to retrieve few recent or remote memories. 相似文献
Method: The validation sample for the translated checklist included 22 pairs of men between the ages of 18 and 52, matched by age and degree of intellectual impairment.
Results: The translated checklist achieved coefficients of 0.92 for internal consistency, 0.90 for test-retest reliability and 0.65 for inter-rater reliability. These psychometric properties are commensurate with those of the original checklist.
Conclusion: Therefore, the translated checklist developed in this study can be considered a valid screening instrument for the detection of FXS in men with intellectual disabilities.
Abbreviations: FXS: fragile X syndrome; FMR1: fragile X mental retardation 1 (gene) 相似文献
Methods: Three alternative strategies for assigning more than one case to each stagger position are examined.
Results: The three recommended strategies achieve the objective while maintaining the study’s internal and statistical-conclusion validities.
Conclusions: ExPRT, a freely available Excel-based randomization-test package, can be used to assist in both the design and statistical analysis associated with each of the strategies. 相似文献
Method: RBIs were conducted by early childhood intervention (ECI) professionals with 16 families with a child aged between 4 months and 5 years. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim and analysed using thematic analysis.
Results: Findings revealed that families were concerned about their child’s development and behaviour; made accommodations to everyday routines for their child; and reported priorities for the intervention.
Conclusion: Tools, such as the RBI, are important to generate information that can assist ECI professionals to design interventions that are family-centred, contextualised, and embedded in everyday family life. 相似文献
Objective: Evaluate the muscle compartment in patients presenting spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 3 and 10.
Methods: Forty-six patients presenting SCA type 3 and 10 were assessed and 76 volunteers were selected to the control group. In order to evaluate the muscle compartment, muscle mass anthropometric measurements were assessed and total skeletal muscle mass calculated through a predictive equation.
Results: Women with SCA3 presented greater weight loss and muscle mass reduction compared to those with SCA10 and the control group. Among the predictive measurements, calf muscle circumference showed a more significant correlation with total skeletal muscle mass (p = 0.718).
Conclusion: Patients presenting both types of ataxia did not show severe depletion in their nutritional status; however, those with SCA3 displayed greater weight loss and muscle mass reduction compared to the SCA10 group. 相似文献
Objectives: This study aimed to determine how well specific Canadian Best Practice Recommendations for PSD screening were adopted within a stroke rehabilitation outpatient clinic before and after the utilization of a standardized clinical form.
Methods: Practices were evaluated through retrospective chart review before and after the implementation of the standardized form which cued physicians to administer the Patient Health Questionnaire 9 (PHQ-9) at the first outpatient visit. Participants included those aged ≥18 years with a primary diagnosis of stroke.
Results: One hundred thirty-five subjects’ charts were reviewed. Form implementation was associated with increased rates of PSD screening (93.8% versus 0%) and charting regarding mood (55.4% versus 15.7%).
Conclusion: This study highlights the frequency of depressive symptoms in an outpatient cohort and demonstrates how screening rates can be improved by using a standardized form. Routine PHQ-9 completion at the first outpatient visit was associated with more physician–patient discussion and documentation regarding mood. 相似文献
Method: Photo-elicitation interview was used to explore self-understanding in five adolescent boys diagnosed with an autism spectrum condition.
Results: An interpretative phenomenological analysis yielded three superordinate themes: self in action, self extended in time and self in relation to others. These themes captured how participants understood themselves in terms of their actions and abilities, in the context of their past and future and in relation to others.
Implications: The findings suggested that self-understanding is informed by relationships with parents, self-other comparisons and by reflecting on past and future selves, as well as on activities engaged in. Photo-elicitation was effective in engaging participants with the research process. 相似文献
Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 informal carers to people with ID living in Australia.
Results: Carers of people with ID report that they experience considerable barriers to accessing general practice care on behalf of the people they care for.
Conclusions: Given the ever-increasing number of people with ID now living in the community and their vulnerability to health problems, it is imperative that future research focuses on the development of strategies to overcome the barriers identified in this study. 相似文献
Methods: Female BPD patients and healthy controls completed the ‘Social Interaction Empathy Task’ during EEG recording. Event-related potentials (ERP) were analysed for an early anterior component and a late latency positivity. Empathic abilities were assessed using the Interpersonal Reactivity Index and early aversive experiences were measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).
Results: ERPs in the patient group matched the behaviour results and correlated with the level of personal distress and CTQ. In addition, ERPs of patients were predicted by childhood maltreatment and stress.
Conclusions: Taken together, our findings indicate that the observed behavioural differences between patients with BPD and controls might be due to modulatory effects of empathic abilities on the evaluation of pain-related social stimuli, which are supposed to be based on childhood maltreatment. 相似文献
Methods: We collected demographic, medical and cognitive data, and social and educational outcome at a mean time since the end of treatments of 14.9 years in 58 adults, aged 19–35 years, consecutively treated in a single cancer center between 1989 and 2005.
Results: Ten survivors had severe intellectual disability, 12 were still studying, 23 had a regular employment and 13 were unemployed. Full Scale Intellectual Quotient, assessed 6.6 years after the end of treatments, ranged from 46 to 131. It was strongly associated with educational achievement and significantly lower in patients who experienced postoperative cerebellar mutism, and when parental education level was low.
Conclusion: These factors should be systematically considered at diagnosis in order to offer adequate and timely assessments and interventions. 相似文献
Aim: The study aims to search associations of psychiatric diagnoses and childhood adversities and trauma (CAT) with suicide risk.
Methods: Altogether 415 adult patients attending primary and psychiatric outpatient care filled in the Trauma and Distress Scale, including assessment of five core CAT domains (emotional, physical and sexual abuse, and emotional and physical neglect). The study patients’ current psychiatric disorders and suicide risk were assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview.
Results: Age, poor perceived health, poor social support, current psychiatric treatment, all psychiatric disorders, except hypomania, emotional and physical abuse, and emotional neglect did associate significantly with suicide risk. Number of psychiatric disorders and CAT domains had dose-dependent effects on suicide risk. In multivariate analysis, current psychiatric treatment, current and life-time major depression, social phobia, alcohol, and drug dependency, as well as emotional abuse had direct associations with suicide risk. In females, manic disorders and drug dependence, and in males, dysthymia, social phobia, and emotional abuse associated with suicide risk.
Conclusions: Psychiatric disorders and most CAT domains associate with suicide risk. However, when the effect of co-morbidity and overlap of CAT domains is controlled, major depression, social phobia, alcohol, and drug dependency and emotional abuse seem to increase the risk of suicide. The risk profile varies between the genders. 相似文献
Objectives: This study explored what factors affect rehabilitation and use of upper limb after stroke from a stroke survivor and healthcare professional perspective to better understand low engagement in UL rehabilitation in the chronic stages of stroke.
Method: Eight chronic stroke survivors and 21 healthcare professionals took part in semi-structured interviews or in one of three focus groups, respectively.
Results: Thematic analysis revealed three main themes: Availability of resources, Healthcare professional–patient relationship, and Psychosocial factors. Availability of resources and Healthcare professional–patient relationship indicated that due to resource pressures and a lack of communication and education, positive upper limb rehabilitation behaviors (e.g. engaging and integrating the upper limb in daily activity) were not always established in the early stages post-stroke. Psychosocial factors illustrated the cognitive and psychological barriers to sustained engagement with upper limb rehabilitation.
Conclusion: The findings indicate that stroke survivors and healthcare professionals have very similar understandings of barriers to UL activity, and positive upper limb rehabilitation behaviors are not always established early in recovery post-stroke. Increased resources and healthcare professional–patient relationships seem key factors to establishing positive perceptions of UL rehabilitation. Addressing psychosocial issues and resource limitations may help sustain engagement with UL rehabilitation. 相似文献
Objectives: To determine the usefulness and psychometric validity of the upper-limb subscale of the STREAM in an acute stroke population.
Methods: Rasch Analysis, including unidimensionality assumption testing, determining model fit, and analysis of: reliability, residual correlations, and differential item functioning.
Results: 125 individuals were assessed using the upper-limb subscale of the Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement (STREAM) tool. Rasch analysis suggests the STREAM is a unidimensional measure. However, when scored using the originally proposed method (0–2), or using the response pattern (0–5) neither variant fit the Rasch model (p < 0.05). Although, the reliability was good (Person-Separation Index – 0.847 and 0.903, respectively). Correcting for the disordered thresholds, and thereby producing the new scoring pattern, led to substantial improvement in the overall fit (chi-square probability of fit – 22%), however, the reliability was slightly reduced (PSI – 0.806).
Conclusions: The study proposes a new scoring method for the upper-limb subscale of the STREAM outcome measure in the acute stroke population. 相似文献
Aims: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of stimulus emotional content on verbal recall of words and paragraphs in TBI compared to NBI individuals.
Methods and procedures: Six 10-item lists, each with five emotional and five neutral words, and six paragraphs (three emotional, three neutral) were counterbalanced and presented in random order to 20 individuals with TBI and 44 NBI. The number of words from lists and the number of content units from paragraphs were compared for the two groups.
Outcomes and results: The NBI participants recalled more words from the lists and content units from the paragraphs than the individuals with TBI. Both groups recalled significantly more emotional than neutral words. NBI but not TBI participants had significantly greater recall for information in paragraphs with emotional content.
Conclusions: Participants with TBI showed impaired recall of words and paragraph content. Emotion facilitated word and paragraph content recall for neurotypical individuals but emotional memory advantage was limited to words for the TBI participants. 相似文献
Method: Data on obesity and underweight were analysed from nearly 86,500 youth and adults with intellectual disabilities drawn from 178 countries attending Special Olympic events.
Results: Binary logistic regressions identified higher levels of obesity for athletes in high income countries – especially in North America – and for females and for adults aged 40 years and over; and for youth aged 8 to 10 years. Rates of underweight were higher for younger adults in low income countries of Asia-Pacific, and highest for males aged 11-13 from lower-middle income countries of Africa.
Conclusions: Contrasting intervention strategies are needed globally to enable people with intellectual disabilities to achieve healthy weight. 相似文献
Methods: We examined 1042 patient records of patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who were referred to a pediatric-psychiatry practice over 12?years. Data analysis was based on 466 children with ADHD who were newly treated with psychostimulants and who were not in treatment for elevated blood pressure. We analysed blood pressure percentiles, heart rate and BMI percentiles.
Results: There was a decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure percentiles. Heart rate was not affected. BMI slightly declined in girls.
Conclusions: In general psychostimulants were safe. To further elucidate negative effects of psychostimulants, long-term controlled and randomized studies in naturalistic settings are of interest. 相似文献
Methods: An adapted alternating treatments design with an additional multiple baseline control was used, and two social skills were targeted for each of the four participants, one under each intervention condition.
Results: Results indicated that all four participants learned the target social behaviours with the photo activity schedule intervention, but did not learn target social behaviours with Social Stories.
Conclusions: Findings support the use of a photo activity intervention for teaching social skillsto children with ASD; we discuss the implications of inconsistent findings of effectiveness of Social Stories. 相似文献
Method: This study investigated stressors in mothers of 29 pre-school-aged and 27 school-aged children with autism. Correlation and regression analyses were used to determine if maternal stressors differed between the two age groups.
Results: Findings revealed no difference in maternal stress levels across the two age groups; however, stressors for each age group were different. Stressors in the school-aged group were related to repetitive behaviours, sensory sensitivities, and problematic behaviours, while stressors in the pre-school-aged group were mainly related to adaptive behaviours.
Conclusions: These findings are informative for practitioners and highlight the need for tailored supports and therapies for mothers of children with autism of different ages. 相似文献
Design: A randomised, controlled, assessor-blinded trial.
Setting: Rehabilitation institute.
Participants: Thirty-six chronic poststroke (15.89?±?9.01 months) hemiparetic subjects (age: 46.44?±?7.89 years, 30 men and functional ambulation classification of median level 3).
Interventions: Activity-based MT comprised movements such as ball-rolling, rocker-board, and pedalling. The activities were provided on the less-affected side in front of the mirror while hiding the affected limb. The movement of the less-affected lower limb was projected as over the affected limb. Conventional motor therapy based on neurophysiological approaches was also provided to the experimental group. The control group received only conventional management.
Main outcome measures: Brunnstrom recovery stages (BRS), Fugl-Meyer assessment lower extremity (FMA-LE), Rivermead visual gait assessment (RVGA), and 10-metre walk test (10-MWT).
Results: Postintervention, the experimental group exhibited significant and favourable changes for FMA-LE (mean difference?=?3.29, 95% CI?=?1.23–5.35, p?=?.003) and RVGA (mean difference?=?5.41, 95% CI?=?1.12–9.71, p?=?.015) in comparison to the control group. No considerable changes were observed on 10-MWT.
Conclusions: Activity-based MT facilitates motor recovery of the lower limb as well as reduces gait deviations among chronic poststroke hemiparetic subjects. 相似文献