孕妇血红蛋白浓度与早产关联强度剂量反应关系

目的 探讨孕妇血红蛋白浓度与早产关联强度的剂量反应关系。方法 选取广西壮族自治区武鸣、平果、靖西、德保、隆安、田东等县级医院2015年1月至2017年12月入院的12 780例壮族孕妇及其分娩的新生儿作为研究对象，回顾性地收集研究对象的一般人口学资料、孕期产检资料以及出生结局资料。采用非条件logistic回归方法初步分析孕期贫血对早产的影响，采用限制性立方样条模型分析孕期血红蛋白浓度与早产关联强度剂量反应关系。结果 排除2 053例高血压或年龄≥ 35岁的孕妇，非条件logistic回归分析显示，孕早期贫血组发生早产的风险是非贫血组的1.29倍（OR=1.29，95% CI：1.04~1.59，P=0.019）；限制性立方样条模型显示，孕早期血红蛋白浓度与早产的关联呈非线性"L"形剂量反应关系（非线性检验：P<0.001），孕晚期血红蛋白浓度与早产的关联呈非线性"U"形剂量反应关系（非线性检验：P<0.001）。结论 孕妇孕早期和孕晚期血红蛋白浓度与早产的关联呈非线性剂量反应关系。     

低出生体重与孕期血红蛋白浓度的关系

目的 分析低出生体重(LBW)与孕期不同阶段血红蛋白(Hb)浓度之间的关系.方法 比较江苏省和浙江省4个县市1995～2000年102 489例孕妇孕期各阶段贫血和非贫血LBw儿的发生率,以及不同Hb浓度LBW儿的发生率;用Logistic回归控制年龄、文化程度、孕次、妊娠高血压疾病的影响,分析孕期各阶段Hb与LBW的关联程度.结果 孕早期贫血LBW儿发生率高于非贫血,孕晚期贫血LBW儿发生率低于非贫血,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.001);孕早期Hb浓度与LBW的风险呈线性趋势,Hb浓度降低,LBW的风险增加;孕中期低Hb浓度的孕妇LBW儿的发生率较高,高Hb浓度孕妇LBW儿的风险没有明显增加或降低趋势;孕晚期Hb浓度与LBW的风险呈"U"形趋势,高Hb和低Hb浓度都与LBW的风险增加有关.结论 孕期Hb浓度与LBW的关系随孕期的不同阶段而不同;孕早期贫血、孕晚期Hb浓度过高或过低均与LBW的风险增加有关.     

BMI与糖尿病关联强度剂量-反应关系分析

目的使用限制性立方样条模型探讨BMI连续变化与糖尿病患病关联强度的剂量-反应关系。方法采用代表中国45岁及以上中老年人群的2011年中国健康与养老追踪的基线调查数据,共纳入受访者9708名。应用非条件logistic回归和限制性立方样条模型分析BMI与糖尿病患病关联及剂量-反应关系。结果 2011年我国45岁及以上中老年人糖尿病患病率(95%CI)为14.77%(14.06%~15.48%)。调整混杂因素(性别、年龄、文化程度、饮酒、午睡、腰围、总胆固醇和C反应蛋白)之后,超重(OR=1.21,95%CI:1.04~1.41)、肥胖(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.37~1.97)与糖尿病患病相关具有统计学意义。限制性立方样条分析结果显示,不论性别和年龄分层,BMI连续变化与糖尿病患病的关联强度都呈非线性剂量-反应关系(非线性检验,P0.001)。结论高BMI(超重/肥胖)是糖尿病患病的独立、剂量依赖性的危险因素,提示以关注BMI连续变化(而非传统BMI水平)为重点的糖尿病预防将变得更为迫切。     

体育锻炼与高血压间关联强度的剂量-反应关系研究

目的 探讨体育锻炼强度与高血压之间的剂量-反应关系。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,于2014年3至6月,在淄博市张店区18-69岁人群进行问卷调查和体格测量。采用logistic回归模型和限制性立方样条模型,分析体育锻炼频率和时间与高血压的剂量反应关系。结果 单因素分析结果显示,参加体育锻炼与高血压之间存在相关关系(OR=0.67,95%CI:0.55-0.83);调整年龄、性别、婚姻状况、教育水平、吸烟、饮酒及体质指数后,多因素logistic回归分析显示,体育锻炼与高血压病存在负相关(OR=0.86,95%CI:0.68-0.97)。限制性立方样条模型分析显示,每周锻炼次数及每次锻炼时间均与高血压病之间呈非线性剂量-反应关系(非线性检验,P<0.05)。结论 随着体育锻炼频率和时间的增加,高血压发病风险逐渐降低。     

围孕期空气污染物暴露与妊娠期贫血的关联研究

目的 探讨孕前期和孕早期主要空气污染物暴露与孕中期贫血发生风险间的关系。方法 在合肥市3家医院招募3 427名孕中期产检的孕妇作为研究对象。通过问卷调查收集人口学特征、健康状况和生活方式等信息,常规检查获得血红蛋白(hemoglobin, Hb)浓度并诊断贫血。结果 孕中期贫血发生率为35.5%。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,在单污染物模型中,孕前期NO2（OR = 1.45, 95%CI:1.33～1.57）及孕早期O3和NO2暴露均与孕期贫血风险增加显著相关,但在双污染物模型中,仅孕前期NO2与贫血风险仍存在统计学关联。多因素线性回归分析结果显示,在单污染物模型中,孕前期NO2（β = - 2.02, 95%CI:- 2.34～- 1.70）及孕早期O3（β = - 2.61, 95%CI:- 3.23～- 2.00）和NO2（β = - 1.59, 95%CI:- 2.04～- 1.15）暴露与Hb浓度呈显著负相关,在双污染物模型中,上述统计学关联仍存在。多项式曲线拟合结果显示,孕前期和孕早期NO2暴露浓度与Hb浓度之间均存在负性线性关系（P＜0.05）。结论 围孕期NO2暴露与Hb浓度降低有关,并增加妊娠期贫血风险。     

职业性噪声暴露对男性钢铁工人高血压患病的影响

目的分析职业性噪声暴露对男性钢铁工人高血压的影响。方法以某钢铁集团公司2015年5月—2016年7月进行职业健康查体的7725名一线在职工人为研究对象。通过问卷调查收集钢铁工人的一般情况、噪声暴露等职业因素信息,通过标准方法测量血压等。采用卡方检验分析不同累积噪声暴露量的高血压患病情况,应用限制性立方样条模型(restrictive cubic spline,RCS)结合多因素非条件Logistic回归模型分析噪声暴露及其他因素对高血压的影响。结果噪声暴露者高血压患病率高于噪声非暴露者(P0.001)。在调整年龄、文化程度等因素后,经限制性立方样条模型分析结果显示,累积噪声暴露量(cumulative noise exposure,CNE)与高血压间存在非线性剂量-反应关系(整体关联性检验χ~2=75.76,P0.001,非线性检验χ~2=24.17,P0.001)。以CNE最低剂量组的钢铁工人为对照, CNE为82～94、95～107[dB(A)×年]的工人高血压患病风险分别是低剂量噪声暴露组的1.81倍(95%CI 1.31～2.52)和2.60倍(95%CI 1.84～3.68)。结论 CNE与高血压呈非线性剂量-反应关系。     

新生儿出生体重与分娩方式关联强度剂量反应关系分析

目的探讨新生儿出生体重与分娩方式关联强度剂量-反应关系。方法选取2001年1月-2009年9月江苏省昆山市围产保健监测系统30 089名产妇与新生儿为研究对象。使用多因素Logistic回归及限制性立方样条探究新生儿出生体重与分娩方式关联强度及其剂量-反应关系。结果调整混杂因素之后,较高新生儿出生体重在孕前低BMI(OR=2.06,95%CI:1.36-3.14)、正常BMI(OR=2.43,95%CI:1.72-3.43)、超重(OR=3.52,95%CI:2.40-5.16)的产妇中与临产前剖宫产有统计学关联。同样,高水平新生儿出生体重在孕前低BMI(OR=5.20,95%CI:1.73-3.14)、正常BMI(OR=6.56,95%CI:2.73-18.14)、超重(OR=9.14,95%CI:3.17-26.33)的产妇中与临产后剖宫产有统计学关联。限制性立方样条模型显示新生儿出生体重与临产前剖宫产的关联强度呈现非线性"U"型剂量-反应关系(非线性检验P0.001);与临产后剖宫产的关联强度呈反"L"型非线性剂量-反应关系(非线性检验P0.001)。结论新生儿出生体重与临产前剖宫产的关联强度呈现"U"曲线,而与临产后剖宫产的关联强度呈现反"L"型曲线。     

老年人体质指数和血脂异常的剂量反应关系研究

目的 探讨60岁及以上老年人体质指数(BMI)与血脂异常患病关联强度的剂量-反应关系。方法 采用整群抽样的方法，以广东省中山市2个镇60岁及以上老年人作为研究对象。使用非条件logistic回归和限制性立方样条模型分析老年人BMI与血脂异常的患病关联和剂量-反应关系。结果 研究人群的血脂异常患病率为39.65%。调整混杂因素后，超重(OR=1.48,95%CI:1.35～1.63)、肥胖(OR=1.79,95%CI:1.55～2.07)和老年人血脂异常患病具有统计学意义。限制性立方样条分析结果显示，随着老年人BMI增加血脂异常风险总体呈上升趋势，当老年人BMI>28 kg/m²时,血脂异常患病风险上升趋势明显，老年人BMI与血脂异常的患病的关联强度呈非线性剂量-反应关系(非线性检验P<0.001)。结论 超重/肥胖是老年人患血脂异常的独立危险因素，老年人的BMI与血脂异常患病风险存在剂量依赖性，研究表明在老年人血脂异常防控中应重点关注BMI的具体数值，识别中高风险人群，而非传统BMI水平(消瘦、正常、超重、肥胖)。     

BMI与高血压关联强度剂量-反应关系分析

目的使用限制性立方样条探究BMI连续变化与高血压患病关联强度的剂量-反应关系。方法采用与人口规模成比例的整群抽样方法,于2012年对江苏省昆山市18岁及以上户籍居民进行问卷调查与体格检查。样本数据通过复杂加权后进行统计分析,使用限制性立方样条估计BMI与高血压关联及其剂量-反应关系。结果复杂加权后高血压患病率(95%CI)为17.2%(16.8%~17.6%),其中男性患病率(95%CI)为17.2%(16.6%~17.7%),女性患病率(95%CI)为17.3%(16.7%~17.8%)。超重与肥胖现患率(95%CI)分别为25.5%(24.9%~26.0%)与3.9%(3.7%~4.1%)。调整混杂因素(年龄、性别、教育、家庭月收入、吸烟与饮酒状态、体力活动强度及腰围)之后,超重(OR=1.67,95%CI:1.57~1.79)、肥胖(OR=2.56,95%CI:2.24~2.91)与高血压患病显著关联。限制性立方样条分析结果显示,不论男性还是女性,BMI连续变化与高血压患病的关联强度呈非线性剂量-反应关系(非线性检验,P0.0001)。结论BM I连续变化与高血压患病关联强度呈显著剂量-反应关系;提示社区水平以体重控制为重点的高血压预防将变得更为迫切。     

妇女围受孕期服用营养补充剂与孕早期贫血的关系

目的 了解北京市通州区妇女孕早期贫血患病率,评价围受孕期服用单纯叶酸片(PFA)或含叶酸的多种微量营养素补充剂(MMFA)与孕早期贫血的关系。方法 以2013—2018年37 034例在通州区妇幼保健院分娩妇女的孕期保健和孕早期血常规化验数据为基础进行研究,采用Logistic回归模型分析围受孕期PFA或MMFA服用情况与孕早期贫血的关系。结果 妇女孕早期贫血患病率为1.8%,以轻度及小细胞低色素性贫血为主。与服用PFA妇女相比,服用MMFA者孕早期患贫血(aOR=0.79, 95%CI:0.66～0.95)和小细胞低色素性贫血风险(aOR=0.69, 95%CI:0.53～0.91)均更低。在服用MMFA的妇女中,孕前开始服用者较孕后开始服用者总贫血和小细胞低色素性贫血风险低,aOR分别为0.69(95%CI:0.53～0.90)和0.47(95%CI:0.30～0.75),且高频服用MMFA者较未服用者总贫血和小细胞低色素性贫血风险低,aOR分别为0.59(95%CI:0.41～0.86)和0.42(95%CI:0.23～0.76)。在服用MMFA的妇女中,孕前开始服用者血清铁水平...     

Preconception Hemoglobin Concentration and Risk of Low Birth Weight and Small-for-Gestational-Age: A Large Prospective Cohort Study in China

Less is known about the impact of maternal preconception anemia on birth outcomes. We aimed to examine associations between preconception hemoglobin (Hb) concentrations with risk of low birth weight (LBW) and small-for-gestational-age (SGA). This study was from a large population-based prospective cohort in China and included 124,725 women with singleton live births delivered at gestational ages of 28–45 weeks who were registered before pregnancy. Maternal Hb concentrations were measured during registration, and other health-related information was recorded prospectively. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the associations between preconception Hb concentrations with risk of LBW and SGA, adjusting for potential confounders. The results showed women with preconception anemia accounted for 22.28%. The incidences of LBW/SGA were 2.37%/6.30% among anemic women, and 2.01%/5.48% among non-anemic women, respectively. Preconception mild anemia increased by 17% (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06, 1.28) and 14% (95% CI: 1.07, 1.21) the risk for LBW and SGA, while moderate-to-severe anemia had no significant association with LBW and SGA. Compared with the 120–129 g/L group, a U-shaped association was observed between preconception Hb concentrations with LBW and SGA. In conclusion, not only maternal anemia but also elevated Hb concentrations before pregnancy contribute to an increased risk of LBW and SGA.     

北京市海淀区居民睡眠时间与糖尿病患病的相关性研究

目的 分析北京市海淀区18～79岁成年人睡眠时间与糖尿病患病之间的相关性。方法 数据来源于2019年北京市海淀区成人慢性病及其危险因素监测,采用logistic回归分析睡眠时间和糖尿病的关联,采用限制性立方样条法分析睡眠时间和糖尿病患病风险的剂量-反应关系。结果 调查人群糖尿病患病率为15.6%,平均睡眠时间为(7.24±1.15)h。经过多因素调整后,与睡眠时间7～9 h相比,睡眠时间≤7 h者的糖尿病患病风险增加56%(OR=1.56,95%CI:1.31～1.86),而睡眠时间≥9 h者的糖尿病患病风险并未明显增加(OR=1.13,95%CI:0.78～1.60)。限制性立方样条法结果显示,睡眠时间与糖尿病患病的关联强度呈“U”型分布(非线性检验χ²=31.259,P<0.001),睡眠时间约为7h时,糖尿病患病风险最低。结论 北京市海淀区成年人睡眠时间过短可能会增加糖尿病患病风险。     

扬州地区新生儿维生素D水平及影响因素研究

目的 了解扬州地区新生儿血清中维生素D（Vitamin D,VD）水平及其影响因素。方法 选取孕早期在扬州市妇幼保健院建卡且于2014年5月~2015年5月在产科住院分娩的孕妇作为初始研究对象。按照纳入和排除标准选入3 913例健康单胎活产新生儿进入此次研究,并通过自制的问卷收集孕妇及新生儿相关信息。采用酶联免疫吸附法检测孕妇及新生儿血清中的VD浓度,描述并分析新生儿VD的分布特征及影响因素。结果 扬州地区新生儿VD水平为（28.79±8.37）nmol/L,其充足率、不足率、缺乏率分别为2.2%、11.7%、86.1%。多因素Logistic回归模型分析结果显示,孕妇孕中期VD缺乏（OR=3.16,95%CI:2.00~5.00,P<0.001）和不足（OR=1.67,95%CI:1.04~2.67,P=0.033）,孕晚期VD缺乏（OR=8.64,95%CI:5.64~13.24,P<0.001）和不足（OR=1.63,95%CI:1.07~2.49,P=0.024）,胎儿分娩季节为冬春季（OR=1.49,95%CI:1.13~1.97,P=0.004）均是新生儿VD缺乏的危险因素。结论 扬州地区新生儿VD水平普遍缺乏,孕妇孕中期和孕晚期VD状况以及胎儿分娩季节与新生儿VD缺乏均存在关联。     

The relationship between third trimester maternal weight gain,hematologic status and infant birthweight in Liberian mothers

In 1982, WHO estimated that 20 million infants had low birthweights (LBW) (i.e., <2500 g or 5.5 lb). Most were born in developing countries. Yet for Africa, few studies have examined the relationship between maternal nutrition and birth outcomes. Over 540 hospital records were examined to 1) estimate the proportion of LBW infants. Between 23 and 80 women were studied prospectively to: 2) examine the effects of maternal health complaints on pregnancy outcomes, 3) examine the relationship between weight gain during the 3rd trimester and pregnancy outcome, and 4) determine a weight gain associated with a favorable birthweight range for this sample of women. Results show a positive relationship between birthweight and 6th month maternal Hb values. A 3rd trimester gain of 6.62 kg (14.6 lb) is correlated with a favorable pregnancy outcome. Education was positively associated with 6th month pregnancy weights. Public health workers should concentrate both on iron deficiency anemia and weight gain during the last trimester to increase the chances for successful pregnancy outcomes.     

孕晚期妇女贫血对妊娠结局的影响及贫血因素分析

目的:了解孕妇的贫血患病现状及其影响因素,探讨贫血对妊娠结局的影响。方法:对5308名孕产妇的年龄、文化程度、居住地、血红蛋白(Hb)及妊娠结局进行回顾性调查分析。结果:孕晚期妇女的贫血患病率为59.5%。贫血组的新生儿平均体重明显降低(P<0.01)。贫血组与非贫血组的LBW发生率无明显差异,但中度贫血组LBW发生率明显高于非贫血组。贫血组手术性分娩率明显高于非贫血组。孕妇的贫血率为农村高于城市;不同文化程度组的贫血患病率明显不同。结论:我国孕晚期妇女有近60%患有贫血,与不良妊娠结局有关;居住地、教育水平对孕妇的贫血患病率有影响。     

High and Low Haemoglobin Levels in Early Pregnancy Are Associated to a Higher Risk of Miscarriage: A Population-Based Cohort Study

To evaluate whether women with anaemia or high haemoglobin (Hb) in early pregnancy would be at higher risk of miscarriage, this population-based cohort study involved 9453 women whose pregnancies were monitored at primary care centres between 2007 and 2012. The computerised clinical histories were used to collect: Hb measurements (up to 14 weeks of gestation), miscarriage before or by 24 weeks of gestation, and other maternal characteristics. The relation between anaemia (Hb < 110 g/L), normal Hb (110–140 g/L, reference), and high Hb concentrations (≥140 g/L) with miscarriage were expressed as adjusted OR with 95%CI. Restricted cubic spline models were applied to evaluate the dose-response relationships. A total of 520 (5.5%) women were recorded as having a miscarriage. The rate of miscarriage in anaemia, normal Hb, and high Hb concentrations was 8.4%, 5.1%, and 10.2%, respectively. Compared with women with normal Hb at the first trimester, the multivariable-adjusted OR for miscarriage was 2.11 (95%CI, 1.38–3.21) for women with anaemia and 1.83 (95%CI, 1.29–2.58) for women with high Hb. Hb concentrations showed a U-shaped association with miscarriage, with the lowest incidence among women with Hb of 120–130 g/L. These data highlight the importance of considering anaemia and high Hb levels in early pregnancy as harmful indicators for miscarriage.     

Preconception hemoglobin and ferritin concentrations are associated with pregnancy outcome in a prospective cohort of Chinese women

Prenatal anemia and iron deficiency are associated with adverse birth outcomes, but no previous studies have examined the relation between preconception anemia, iron deficiency, and pregnancy outcome in healthy women. We measured hemoglobin (Hb), ferritin, transferrin receptor (TfR), and vitamins B-6, B-12, and folate concentrations before pregnancy in 405 Chinese women (median time from sample collection to gestation end = 316 d). Both mild (95 /=60 microg/L) ferritin were also significantly associated with lower birthweight (106 and 123 g, respectively). The risks of low birthweight (LBW) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) were significantly greater among women with moderate anemia compared with nonanemic controls [odds ratio (OR): 6.5; 95% CI: 1.6, 26.7; P = 0.009 and OR: 4.6; 95% CI: 1.5, 13.5; P = 0.006, respectively]. TfR and low ferritin were not associated with adverse birth outcome, but elevated ferritin, which could be a marker of inflammation, was associated with increased risk of LBW (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 0.9, 5.7; P = 0.09) and FGR (OR: 2.7; 95% CI: 1.3, 5.6; P = 0.008). Preconception anemia, particularly iron-deficiency anemia, was associated with reduced infant growth and increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in Chinese women.     

职业接触抗癌药对护士生殖结局影响的流行病学研究

目的 探讨护士职业接触抗癌药及其接触水平与不良生殖结局的关系。方法 对北京、天津、包头24所医院873名护士1021次妊娠情况进行了回顾性群组研究,接触组（350名,433次妊娠）孕前及孕期有明确抗癌药接触史,对照组（523名,588次妊娠）孕期及孕前均不接触抗癌药。应用暴露指数评估护士接触抗癌药的水平。结果 接触组自然流产率（14．1％）、先天畸形率（2．82％）及妊娠剧吐发生率（18．9％）、妊娠贫血发生率（10．2％）高于对照组（分别为8．3％、0．76％、12．7％、5．6％）,差异有显著性（P＜0．05）。经Logistic回归分析,调整年龄、吸烟、饮酒等混杂因素后显示,接触抗癌药自然流产（OR．2．29,95％ CI＝1．46－3．59）、先天畸形（OR．3．63,95％CI＝1．07－12．36）及妊娠贫血（OR＝1．77,95％CI＝1．03－3．05）的危险显著增加（P＜0．01,P＜0．05）。护士职业接触抗癌药的接触水平－反应关系的趋势χ^2检验,自然流产及先天畸形均随抗癌药接触水平的增加有增高的趋势,其χ^2值分别为3．86和14．62（P＜0．05,P＜0．001）。结论 护士职业接触抗癌药可导致妊娠并发症（妊娠剧吐、妊娠贫血）及不良妊娠结局（自然流产、先天畸形）的危险增加,其不良妊娠结局随抗癌药接触水平的增高而增加。     

The Influence of Maternal Vitamin E Concentrations in Different Trimesters on Gestational Diabetes and Large-for-Gestational-Age: A Retrospective Study in China

Vitamin E can protect pregnant women from oxidative stress and further affect pregnancy outcomes. This study aimed to investigate maternal vitamin E concentration in each trimester and its associations with gestational diabetes (GDM) and large-for-gestational-age (LGA). The data were derived from Peking University Retrospective Birth Cohort in Tongzhou, collected from 2015 to 2018 (n = 19,647). Maternal serum vitamin E were measured from blood samples collected in each trimester. Logistic regressions were performed to analyze the association between maternal vitamin E levels and outcomes. The median levels of maternal vitamin E increased from the first (10.00 mg/L) to the third (16.00 mg/L) trimester. Among mothers who had inadequate vitamin E levels, most of them had excessive amounts. Excessive vitamin E level in the second trimester was a risk factor for GDM (aOR = 1.640, 95% CI: 1.316–2.044) and LGA (aOR = 1.334, 95% CI: 1.022–1.742). Maternal vitamin E concentrations in the first and second trimesters were positively associated with GDM (first: aOR = 1.056, 95% CI: 1.038–1.073; second: aOR = 1.062, 95% CI: 1.043–1.082) and LGA (first: aOR = 1.030, 95% CI: 1.009–1.051; second: aOR = 1.040, 95% CI: 1.017–1.064). Avoiding an excess of vitamin E during pregnancy might be an effective measure to reduce GDM and LGA. Studies to explore the potential mechanisms are warranted.     

妊娠晚期血红蛋白浓度与早产和低出生体重关系的研究

目的分析妊娠晚期血红蛋白(Hb)浓度与早产和低出生体重之间的关系。方法研究对象为江苏和浙江省4个县(市)在1995—2000年间分娩的102 489名妇女。按妊娠晚期Hb浓度分四组比较各组早产和低出生体重的发生率;采用logistic回归模型控制年龄、职业、文化程度、孕次、产检次数和妊高征等因素后,估计Hb与早产和低出生体重的关联程度。结果妊娠晚期贫血患病率为48.2%,以轻度和中度贫血为主。轻、中度贫血不增加早产和低出生体重的风险。当Hb为90～99 g/L时,早产和低出生体重的发生率最低;当Hb升高或降低时,早产和低出生体重的风险均呈增加趋势。Hb为70～119 g/L时,早产和低出生体重的风险变化不大,但重度贫血和高血红蛋白则显著增加早产和低出生体重的风险:Hb<70 g/L组早产和低出生体重的OR(95%CI)分别为1.8(1.0～3.3)和4.0(2.1～7.5);Hb≥130 g/L组的早产和低出生体重的OR(95%CI)为1.2(1.0～1.4)和1.5 (1.2～1.9)。结论妊娠晚期Hb水平与早产和低出生体重的风险之间均呈"U"形趋势,妊娠晚期重度贫血以及高血红蛋白均是早产和低出生体重的危险因素。