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1.
重症肌无力围手术期各种危象的观察与护理   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
观察35例重症肌无力患围手术期发生肌无力危象及胆碱能危象的特点,分析其外科治疗及护理的近期效果。结果本组MG患的临床完全缓解率为45.7%,死亡2例,与危象的发生无关,再住院率为5.7%,发生肌无力危象7例,胆碱能危象1例,危象总发生率为22.95,经过恰当的救治及护理,危象均全部纠正。说明加强对围手术期各种危象发生的认识,可提高各种危象救治的护理质量。MG发生危象的防治效果离不开规范、精心的围手术期护理。  相似文献   

2.
目的研究神经干细胞移植后血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠海马胆碱能神经元的变化。方法制作VD大鼠模型,随机取用VD大鼠模型12只,分移植组6只,痴呆组6只。另外,取假手术组6只。新生大鼠脊髓神经干细胞经分离培养和纯化,移植于大鼠海马。术后8周,免疫组织化学及荧光染色检测神经干细胞能否存活、迁移及3组大鼠海马CA1区胆碱能神经元数目的变化。结果移植组大鼠海马CA1区胆碱能神经元数目较痴呆组明显增多。结论神经干细胞移植后能迁移至海马,分化或诱导海马产生具有ChAT活性神经元,所产生的ChAT活性神经元可能就是胆碱能神经元。  相似文献   

3.
目的 研究高压氧(HBO)治疗对血管性痴呆大鼠海马胆碱能神经元及行为的影响。方法 制作血管性痴呆大鼠模型,随机分成对照组及治疗组,HBO治疗30d后,用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠空间记忆能力,免疫组织化学染色检测海马CA1区胆碱能神经元数目的变化。结果 治疗组大鼠空间记忆能力明显提高,海马CA1区胆碱能数目较对照组明显增加。结论 高压氧对血管性痴呆大鼠有明显治疗作用。  相似文献   

4.
ObjectivesCardiac troponin-I (cTnI) is a representative marker of myocardial injury. Elevation of cTnI is frequently observed in patients with hypertensive crisis, but few studies have examined its prognostic significance in hypertensive crisis. We aimed to determine whether cTnI could predict all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis visiting the emergency department (ED).MethodsThis observational study included patients aged ≥18 years who visited an ED between 2016 and 2019 for hypertensive crisis, defined as systolic blood pressure (BP) ≥180 mmHg and/or diastolic BP ≥110 mmHg. Among 6467 patients, 3938 who underwent a cTnI assay were analysed.ResultsAmong the 3938 patients, 596 (15.1%) had cTnI levels above the 99th percentile upper reference limit (elevated cTnI >40 ng/L) and 600 (15.2%) had cTnI levels between the detection limit (≥10 ng/L) and the 99th percentile upper reference limit (detectable cTnI). The 3-year all-cause mortality in the elevated, detectable and undetectable cTnI groups were 41.6%, 36.5% and 12.8%, respectively. After adjusting for confounding variables, elevated cTnI patients (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 2.01; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.61–2.52) and detectable cTnI patients (adjusted HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.32–2.04) showed a significantly higher risk of 3-year all-cause mortality than did patients with undetectable cTnI.ConclusionsIn patients with hypertensive crisis, elevated cTnI levels provide useful prognostic information and permit the early identification of patients with an increased risk of death. Moreover, putatively normal but detectable cTnI levels also significantly correlated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Intensive treatment and follow-up strategies are needed for patients with hypertensive crisis with elevated and detectable cTnI levels.

Key messages

  1. Cardiac troponin-I level was an independent prognostic factor for all-cause mortality in patients with hypertensive crisis.
  2. Detectable but normal range cardiac troponin-I, which was considered clinically insignificant, also had a prognostic impact on all-cause mortality comparable to elevated cardiac troponin-I levels.
  相似文献   

5.
舒芬太尼对0.75%罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞效应的影响   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:4  
目的:观察舒芬太尼对0.75%罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞效应的影响。方法:40例择期行下腹部以下手术患者(ASAⅠ~Ⅱ级)随机分成两组:Ⅰ组(n=20)的蛛网膜下腔用药为罗哌卡因22.5mg,Ⅱ组(n=20)为罗哌卡因22.5mg+舒芬太尼5μg。分别观察两组的蛛网膜下腔阻滞效应及相关的副反应。结果:两组之间的血流动力学指标及相关副反应均无统计学差异(P>0.05)。运动阻滞起效时间、达最大运动阻滞时间、最大Bromage分级、运动阻滞持续时间、感觉阻滞起效时间、镇痛向尾延伸时间、痛觉减退平面和痛觉消失平面均无明显差异(P>0.05)。而镇痛向头延伸时间、镇痛减退至T12时间、镇痛持续时间Ⅱ组均长于Ⅰ组(P<0.01)。结论:小剂量舒芬太尼可明显延长0.75%罗哌卡因蛛网膜下腔阻滞的感觉阻滞时间,且无明显副反应,适合于时间较长的下腹部及下肢手术的麻醉。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨应急预案在重症监护室护士危机意识培训中的应用及效果评价。方法 2015年1月至2016年12月对125名重症监护室护士进行应急预案培训,包括组建培训师资、设置培训内容及实施培训方案。结果培训后,重症监护室护士理论、操作成绩考核,危机意识及病人满意度均优于培训前(P0.01或P0.05)。结论通过应急预案培训,有效提升了重症监护室护士的危机意识及正确采取应急应对措施的能力,从而有效提高重症监护室护理管理质量,降低护患纠纷,提高病人满意度。  相似文献   

7.
Chronic pain affects a substantial part of the population, and conveys a huge economic cost to society. Owing to its prevalence and adverse impact, it is of particular interest to clinicians, patients, and the pharmaceutical industry. Conversely, the effects of pain on sleep, sleep on pain, and opioid analgesics on sleep represent a large gap in our understanding, even though pain and sleep are closely linked, inter‐related conditions. Chronic pain is often treated by opioid analgesics, which are often thought to promote restful sleep. Indeed it may be assumed that by relieving pain, sleep quality will improve concomitantly. In fact, the reality is much more complicated. The effects of opioids vary according to their formulation and duration of action, and have diverse effects on sleep processes. Despite the prevalence of this problem, there is a surprising paucity of data on the effects of opioids on sleep. This review attempts to summarize the links between pain and sleep, and to look at the studies with opioid analgesics, particularly those with extended‐release formulations, that have investigated the effects of opioid analgesics on sleep.  相似文献   

8.
心理护理对重症肌无力危象患者心理状态及预后的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的研究有目的的心理治疗与护理对重症肌无力危象患者的心理状态及预后的影响。方法采用成组病例对照研究方法,选择我院神经内科住院的、脱机(呼吸机)后继续治疗的肌无力危象患者58例,随机分为2组,每组各29例,2组患者药物治疗相同,实验组再联合心理治疗与护理,包括认知疗法、行为疗法等,疗程12周,分别于治疗前和治疗后12周对2组采用症状自评量表、抑郁自评量表及焦虑自评量表进行测评;在治疗前和随访1年后对重症肌无力的临床症状各评1次,观察2组的效果。结果实验组总有效率93.1%,总显效率86.2%;对照组总有效率79.3%,总显效率58.6%,2组总有效率比较无显著性差异(P〉0.05),但总显效率差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);实验组经心理治疗与护理后SCL-90各因子分(除偏执和精神病性因子外)以及SAS、SDS评分较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05或P〈0.01)。结论心理治疗与护理对重症肌无力危象患者的预后有一定的疗效。  相似文献   

9.
电针足三里激活胆碱能抗炎通路抗大鼠失血性休克的研究   总被引:6,自引:2,他引:6  
目的:观察电针足三里穴对失血性休克大鼠平均动脉压(M AP)、动脉血乳酸及生存指标的影响,探讨其对失血性休克的保护作用及其可能机制。方法:100只雄性SD大鼠按随机数字表法分为假休克组、休克组、非经非穴组、足三里组、迷走神经切断组、迷切后电针组、M受体拮抗组、N受体拮抗组、N受体α7亚单位拮抗组和胆碱酯酶抑制组10组,每组10只。采用股动脉间断放血法复制失血性休克模型,于模型制备成功即刻(0 m in),以2~4 V和3 H z的强度持续电针刺激双侧足三里穴30 m in。刺激开始前颈总动脉置管连续监测M AP,0 m in和43 m in时分别取股动脉血检测乳酸值。另取40只大鼠随机分为假休克组、休克组、非经非穴组和足三里组(处理与以上前4组相同)4组,观察生存状况,除此以外不作其他干预,记录生存时间及存活率。结果:休克组M AP持续较低,43 m in时的乳酸值较0 m in明显上升,平均生存时间和各时间点的存活率也显著降低(P均<0.01);而非经非穴组上述情况与休克组相比无明显改变(P均>0.05);但电针足三里穴后M AP迅速显著升高,43 m in时的乳酸值较0 m in显著下降,平均生存时间和各时间点的存活率均显著提高(P均<0.01)。电针足三里前离断迷走神经,上述作用则完全消失。电针足三里前静脉注射阿托品,仍可产生与足三里组类似的保护效应,但电针足三里前静脉注射六烃季胺或αBGT,均可完全抵消上述保护效应。结论:电针足三里穴具有潜在的抗失血性休克作用,并且是通过激活胆碱能抗炎通路而实现的。  相似文献   

10.
目的研究有目的的心理治疗与护理对重症肌无力危象患者的心理状态及预后的影响。方法采用成组病例对照研究方法,选择我院神经内科住院的、脱机(呼吸机)后继续治疗的肌无力危象患者58例,随机分为2组,每组各29例,2组患者药物治疗相同,实验组再联合心理治疗与护理,包括认知疗法、行为疗法等,疗程12周,分别于治疗前和治疗后12周对2组采用症状自评量表、抑郁自评量表及焦虑自评量表进行测评;在治疗前和随访1年后对重症肌无力的临床症状各评1次,观察2组的效果。结果实验组总有效率93.1%,总显效率86.2%;对照组总有效率79.3%,总显效率58.6%,2组总有效率比较无显著性差异(P〉0.05),但总显效率差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05);实验组经心理治疗与护理后SCL-90各因子分(除偏执和精神病性因子外)以及SAS、SDS评分较对照组降低,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05或P〈0.01)。结论心理治疗与护理对重症肌无力危象患者的预后有一定的疗效。  相似文献   

11.
目的:探讨护理危机管理的实际运用效果与可行性。方法:通过对小组成员进行相关培训,采用座谈与回顾性分析的方法,对呼吸科安全管理中的“危机源”进行梳理,制定改进方案与应对策略,并运用于临床。结果:通过6个月的临床实践,呼吸科的安全质量明显提高,跌倒、坠床、非难免压疮等不良事件发生率明显下降,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:在临床护理中引入危机管理理论,针对“护理危机源”制定相应的管理策略,将有效地化解、减少危机事件,并把其危害降到最低,切实保证患者的安全,并为医院赢得信誉和效益。  相似文献   

12.

Purpose

This commentary examines the development, regulatory, and reimbursement challenges facing abuse-deterrent formulation (ADF) products.

Methods

In January 2017, the Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development convened a roundtable to explore clinical development, regulatory, and reimbursement challenges with respect to ADFs of opioid analgesics. Roundtable participants, who included a range of pharmaceutical industry and other experts, discussed multiple challenges.

Findings

First, several key clinical development challenges were identified and discussed. These challenges pertain to prodrug development and development of deterrents against oral abuse. Second, experts suggested that more clarity is needed from regulatory authorities regarding standards for proving ADF labeling claims and for being rewarded with 3-year data exclusivity. Similarly, given the substantial burdens associated with the development of postapproval evidence generation, experts raised the need for a consistent regulatory policy related to postapproval evidence generation for all ADFs (branded and generic). Third, despite the public health benefits of certain ADF products, current coverage and access policies impede patient access. Payer justification for restrictive policies appears to be based more on budget impact considerations than cost-effectiveness. Fourth, there remains a need to further expand the evidence base regarding clinical and cost-effectiveness as well as abuse deterrence in a real-world setting for all ADF products.

Implications

Clinical development challenges need to be overcome with respect to novel ADF technologies, such as prodrugs and deterrents against oral abuse. More clarity is needed from regulatory authorities on labeling claims and data exclusivity eligibility with respect to ADFs. Ensuring prescriber training and awareness of various options for treating pain, including ADF products, is an important step, as is educating payers about the public health benefits of ADFs in appropriate subpopulations of pain patients. In addition, physicians may need to incorporate appropriate risk stratification methods. Finally, it is important to establish a level playing field between coverage of ADF and non-ADF products so that non-ADF products are not given preferred formulary placement.  相似文献   

13.
银杏叶提取物对血管性痴呆大鼠海马胆碱能纤维的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
背景银杏叶提取物对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠的记忆功能及海马胆碱能纤维的影响,是目前国内外研究的热点,具有重大理论意义.目的研究银杏叶提取物对VD的治疗作用及其机制.设计随机对照实验研究.地点和对象实验在华中科技大学同济医学院神经生物学教研室完成.实验动物采用纯种雄性Wistar大白鼠49只,体质量220~280 g(华中科技大学实验动物中心供给).干预成年Wistar雄性大鼠49只随机分为假手术组(n=9)、VD模型组(n=40).用避暗试验测定假手术组和VD模型组手术7 d后的学习、记忆功能.将出现明显学习、记忆功能障碍的36只VD模型大鼠随机分为4组模型对照组及银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量组,每组9只动物,各组分别给予生理盐水1 mL/100g、银杏叶提取物100,150,200 mg/kg灌胃10 d后,再用明、暗箱装置测定各组大鼠的学习、记忆功能.用胆碱酯酶染色观察了各组大鼠海马胆碱能纤维的密度.主要观察指标①GBE对VD大鼠避暗试验的影响.②CA1区胆碱能纤维染色的结果.结果与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠学习训练中错误次数明显增多,遭受电击的累积刺激时间(cumulated stimulation time,CST)明显延长;记忆测试中小鼠从放入明室到进入暗室遭受电击的步入潜伏期(step through latency,STL)明显缩短,错误次数明显增多,CST明显延长(P<0.01).与模型对照组比较,银杏叶提取物中、高剂量组学习训练中小鼠首次遭受电击后从暗室逃入明室的逃避潜伏期(escapelatency,EL)明显缩短,银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量组错误次数明显减少(P<0.01);记忆测验中银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量组STL明显延长,EL明显缩短,CST明显缩短,错误次数明显减少.在光镜下可以观察到模型组与假手术对照组比较大鼠海马CA1区胆碱能纤维密度明显稀疏,吸光度明显降低(P<0.01).银杏叶提取物低、中、高剂量治疗组与模型对照组比较大鼠海马CA1区胆碱能纤维密度明显变密,吸光度明显升高(P<0.01),表明GBE可以增加VD大鼠海马CA1区乙酰胆碱的含量.结论GBE对VD大鼠有显著的治疗作用,其机制可能与增加海马胆碱能纤维的密度有关.  相似文献   

14.
15.
目的 研究血浆内啡肽 (EOPs)对等长收缩运动 (IE)心血管反应调节的中枢定位特点。方法儿麻组 (Polio) 15例 ,年龄 ( 63 .0± 4.4)岁 ,完整中枢神经独立作用模型。偏瘫组 (Hemi) 10例 ,年龄 ( 5 4.7±4.4)岁 ,皮层下中枢独立作用模型。两组患者非受累肢体的运动为正常神经调控模型。观察患肢 (AIE)和非受累肢最大量IE(NIE)时心率 (HR)、收缩压 (SBP)、舒张压 (DBP)、血浆亮氨酸脑啡肽 (L EK)、β 内啡肽( β END)和强啡肽 (DYN )的改变。 结果 ①Polio组AIE和NIE的HR、SBP、DBP、L EK、β END和DYN均显著增高 ,AIE反应弱于NIE。②Hemi组AIE和NIE的HR、SBP、DBP、L EK、β END和DYN均显著增高 ( P <0 .0 1) ,AIE反应强于NIE( P <0 .0 5 )。结论 ①中枢命令通过EOPs对IE运动心血管反应产生独立调控作用。②失去皮层中枢控制后 ,皮层下中枢兴奋性增高 ,产生较强的EOPs反应 ,以调制IE时的心血管反应。  相似文献   

16.
17.
Literature relating to analgesic issues, pain mechanisms and management, costs of opioid infusions, and the opioids dosing for nociceptive and neuropathic pain are reviewed in the context of palliative care.  相似文献   

18.
目的:探讨精神科护理危机管理的作用。方法建立护理危机管理组织,制定精神科护理应急预案,加强护理人员应急处置能力的培训,加强护理质量管理。结果实施危机管理后护理纠纷发生率、护理人员受伤害发生率显著下降(χ2=6.59、7.99,P<0.05或0.01),患者满意度显著提高。结论危机管理是精神科病房安全管理的一种有效方法。  相似文献   

19.
目的探讨无痛病房多维镇痛护理对断指再植术患者术后血管危象的影响。方法选取我院2018年3月至2019年3月收治的断指再植术患者90例,将其随机等分为对照组与观察组,对照组实施常规护理,观察组实施无痛病房多维镇痛护理,比较两组患者术后血管危象发生率及VAS疼痛评分。结果观察组患者术后血管危象发生率低于对照组(P<0.05),术后各阶段VAS疼痛评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论无痛病房多维镇痛护理在断指再植术中的应用,能有效控制术后疼痛,减少血管危象的发生率。  相似文献   

20.
目的构建一套科学、系统、规范且适用于综合性医院手术室突发急性传染病护理应急管理的指标体系。方法于2020年6月—2021年3月以4R危机管理理论为指导,采用文献研究、专家访谈的科学方法初步拟定指标框架,对16名来自手术室护理、护理管理、医院感染、疾病预防控制及传染病领域的医疗、护理专家应用德尔菲专家咨询法进一步筛选和确定各级指标,并采用层次分析法和优序图法确定各级指标的权重值,最终形成综合性医院手术室突发急性传染病护理应急管理体系。结果2轮咨询专家积极系数均为100.00%,提出意见的专家分别占68.75%和31.25%,专家权威系数为0.9063,各级指标的变异系数均<0.25,2轮咨询一、二、三级指标的协调系数分别为0.228、0.322、0.288和0.252、0.406、0.326(均P<0.01)。最终形成包括4项一级指标、13项二级指标和64项三级指标的综合性医院手术室突发急性传染病护理应急管理体系,且指标权重分配合理。结论构建的综合性医院手术室突发急性传染病护理应急管理体系具备较高的科学性和可靠性,能够为手术室护理管理者应对突发急性传染病的护理应急管理提供科学参考依据。  相似文献   

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