软脂酸对美吡哒刺激的大鼠胰岛β细胞功能的影响

目的:观察软脂酸对美吡哒刺激的鼠胰岛β细胞功能的影响。方法:以0、0.25、0.5、1.0mmol/L软脂酸原代培养SD大鼠胰岛细胞,在24、72、120小时测定上清胰岛素、细胞内胰岛素、甘油三酯含量。结果:不含软脂酸组上清中胰岛素、细胞内胰岛素、甘油三酯含量差别无统计学意义;余各浓度组及各时间组差别有统计学意义。结论:在体外软脂酸抑制美吡哒刺激的鼠胰岛β细胞功能;脂毒性可能是磺脲类药物作用失效的重要原因之一。     

软脂酸对体外原代培养大鼠胰岛细胞凋亡作用的实验研究

目的 观察软脂酸诱导体外原代培养胰岛细胞的凋亡，初步探讨软脂酸在2型糖尿病发病中的机制。方法 应用分离的体外单层培养SD大鼠胰岛细胞，与不同浓度软脂酸(分别为0、0．125、0．250、0．500mmol／L)共同孵育48h，用放免法测定培养液中胰岛素含量，PI／Hoechst33342双染法荧光显微镜观察胰岛细胞凋亡的形态变化。结果 0．250、0．5mmol／L软脂酸可抑制高糖刺激下的胰岛素分泌，促进胰岛细胞的凋亡。结论 软脂酸可诱导胰岛细胞凋亡，凋亡程度与游离软脂酸浓度有关。     

软脂酸对胰岛细胞凋亡作用的观察

目的通过观察软脂酸对体外培养的原代胰岛细胞的凋亡作用，探讨游离脂肪酸在糖尿病发病中的作用。方法体外培养Wistar大鼠胰岛细胞，用不同浓度软脂酸(分别为0，0．125，0．25，0．5mmol／L)共同孵育48h，用Tunel法计算胰岛细胞凋亡率。AO／EB染色观察细胞形态变化。结果0．125，0．25，0．5mmol／L的软脂酸均有抑制高糖刺激下胰岛细胞的胰岛素分泌，促进胰岛细胞凋亡的作用。结论软脂酸可抑制胰岛细胞的分泌功能，促进胰岛细胞凋亡，其凋亡程度与软脂酸的浓度有关。     

软脂酸对体外原代培养大鼠胰岛细胞凋亡作用的实验研究

目的观察软脂酸诱导体外原代培养胰岛细胞的凋亡,初步探讨软脂酸在2型糖尿病发病中的机制。方法应用分离的体外单层培养SD大鼠胰岛细胞,与不同浓度软脂酸(分别为0、0.125、0.250、0.500mmol/L)共同孵育48h,用放免法测定培养液中胰岛素含量,PI/Hoechst33342双染法荧光显微镜观察胰岛细胞凋亡的形态变化。结果0.250、0.5mmol/L软脂酸可抑制高糖刺激下的胰岛素分泌,促进胰岛细胞的凋亡。结论软脂酸可诱导胰岛细胞凋亡,凋亡程度与游离软脂酸浓度有关。     

胰淀素致大鼠胰岛细胞功能损伤的实验研究

目的观察胰淀素对体外培养的大鼠胰岛细胞功能的影响,探讨胰淀素在2型糖尿病发病过程中的作用。方法应用体外单层培养大鼠胰岛细胞,检测不同浓度胰淀素对细胞胰岛素分泌、细胞内DNA及胰岛素含量的影响。结果10 μmol/L以上胰淀素作用2 h后,可抑制高糖(16.7 mmol/L)刺激下的胰岛素分泌(P<0.01),并呈剂量依赖性。10 μmol/胰淀素作用后,胰岛β细胞内DNA、胰岛素含量升高,与对照组相比有显著性差(P<0.01)。结论10 μmol/L以上胰淀素可显著抑制高糖刺激下大鼠胰岛素的分泌与释放。     

铁超负荷对胰岛β细胞分泌胰岛素功能的影响

目的 建立胰岛细胞表面灌注系统,并检测次氮基三醋酸铁（FeNTA）溶液对正常大鼠离体胰岛细胞一相分泌的影响。方法 分离正常大鼠的胰岛细胞,将其分为3组：A组、B组和C组,每组合50个胰岛,分别用不同的刺激液进行灌注,检测40min内胰岛素的分泌量。其中,A组为对照组,灌注液为16．7mmol／L葡萄糖液;B组为舍铁的高糖液灌注,包括B1组（高糖液舍有0．05mmol／LFeNTA）和B2组（高糖液舍有O．1mmol／LFeNTA）;C组为经过FeNTA孵育5h后用高糖液灌注,包括C1组（孵育液中含FeNTA0．05mmol／L）和C2组（孵育液中舍FeNTA0．1mmol／L）;实验过程重复3次。结果 ①正常大鼠的胰岛细胞在16．7mmol／L葡萄糖刺激下胰岛素分泌具有典型的早相分泌;②无论是在含一定浓度的（0．05mmol／L或0．1mmol／L）FeNTA的葡萄糖的刺激液灌注,还是经过合FeNTA（0．05mmol／L或0．1mmol／L）孵育液孵育5h后再用高糖刺激液灌注,大鼠胰岛细胞的胰岛素分泌均完全缺乏一相分泌,仅有不断出现的微小波动,分泌峰值仅仅较基础状态略有增加。结论 铁含量增加会损害胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素,这对阐明铁与糖尿病的关系具有一定的意义。     

老龄SD大鼠胰岛β细胞形态功能研究

目的观察3组不同月龄SD大鼠糖脂代谢指标变化,了解在基础及葡萄糖刺激下胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌、结构变化与老龄糖耐量减退的关系,探讨老龄糖耐量受损的机制。方法采用免疫组化、细胞体视学、透视电镜等方法观察5~6、11~12、20~24月龄SD大鼠胰岛及胰岛β细胞形态及胰岛素分泌水平;将胰岛β细胞分离后与两种不同质量浓度的葡萄糖培养,观察葡萄糖刺激下老龄大鼠β细胞胰岛素分泌水平。结果20~24月龄大鼠体质量、空腹血糖及血脂水平有增高;11~12、20~24月龄大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸(FFA)水平显著增高;对葡萄糖刺激出现峰值降低、达峰时间延迟;胰岛β细胞体积增大和细胞内胰岛素分泌量减少。老龄胰岛β细胞内线粒体和内质网肿胀,空泡变性。从11~12月龄大鼠开始,胰腺中平均胰岛面积随着年龄的增加而减少;但每个胰岛中平均胰岛β细胞的面积比例却有增加。结论老龄鼠在空腹血糖正常时即已具备胰岛素抵抗的某些特征;老龄大鼠胰岛β细胞虽然有面积比例增大,但β细胞基础和葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌功能减低。提示一旦糖代谢受损出现糖尿病,应尽早考虑胰岛素治疗同时改善胰岛素抵抗。     

老龄SD大鼠胰岛β细胞形态功能研究

目的观察3组不同月龄SD大鼠糖脂代谢指标变化，了解在基础及葡萄糖刺激下胰岛β细胞胰岛素分泌、结构变化与老龄糖耐量减退的关系，探讨老龄糖耐量受损的机制。方法采用免疫组化、细胞体视学、透视电镜等方法观察5～6、11～12、20～24月龄SD大鼠胰岛及胰岛β细胞形态及胰岛素分泌水平；将胰岛β细胞分离后与两种不同质量浓度的葡萄糖培养，观察葡萄糖刺激下老龄大鼠β细胞胰岛素分泌水平。结果20～24月龄大鼠体质量、空腹血糖及血脂水平有增高；11～12、20～24月龄大鼠血清中游离脂肪酸（FFA）水平显著增高；对葡萄糖刺激出现峰值降低、达峰时间延迟；胰岛β细胞体积增大和细胞内胰岛素分泌量减少。老龄胰岛β细胞内线粒体和内质网肿胀，空泡变性。从11～12月龄大鼠开始，胰腺中平均胰岛面积随着年龄的增加而减少；但每个胰岛中平均胰岛β细胞的面积比例却有增加。结论老龄鼠在空腹血糖正常时即已具备胰岛素抵抗的某些特征；老龄大鼠胰岛β细胞虽然有面积比例增大，但β细胞基础和葡萄糖刺激的胰岛素分泌功能减低。提示一旦糖代谢受损出现糖尿病，应尽早考虑胰岛素治疗同时改善胰岛素抵抗。     

低密度脂蛋白对胰岛细胞功能的影响

目的:研究低密度脂蛋白对体外培养的胰岛细胞功能的影响.方法:体外分离培养Wistar大鼠胰岛细胞,并在低糖(2.8mmol/L)和高糖(16.7mmol/L)条件下与低密度脂蛋白(LDL)(从8mg/L开始)培养48h,应用放射免疫法测定葡萄糖刺激的大鼠胰岛细胞胰岛素分泌量.结果:①低糖刺激下,LDL对胰岛细胞的胰岛素分泌无明显影响,但在高糖刺激下,胰岛素分泌水平降低.②LDL和抗氧化剂维生素E,C共同培养48h,与LDL组比较,高糖刺激下胰岛素分泌水平增加.结论:胰岛细胞摄入LDL后发生氧化反应,损伤胰岛细胞功能,这一过程可被抗氧化剂抑制.     

高糖刺激INS-1细胞DNase Ⅰ表达升高对细胞凋亡的影响

目的：探讨脱氧核糖核酸酶Ⅰ（DNaseⅠ）在高糖引起的胰岛β细胞凋亡过程中的作用。方法：实验分3组。正常组、高糖组和高糖＋DNase Ⅰ siRNA组。其中正常组给予含有11．1mmol／L葡萄糖浓度的培养基外,其余2组均给予葡萄糖浓度为30mmol／L的培养基。通过转染外源性DNase Ⅰ siRNA,敲降高糖培养的ⅠNS-1细胞内DNase Ⅰ的表达。采用Westernblot检测DNaseⅠ、caspase-3蛋白表达,流式细胞仪观察细胞凋亡的变化。结果：与正常组相比,高糖可以显著增加INS-1细胞DNase Ⅰ和caspase-3的蛋白表达水平（P〈0．05）;与高糖组相比,高糖＋siRNA组DNaseⅠ敲降后显著降低高糖所引起的细胞内DNase Ⅰ蛋白表达水平（P〈0．05）．同时也显著降低高糖所引起的细胞内caspase-3的蛋白表达水平（P〈0．05）。流式细胞仪结果显示,高糖明显导致细胞凋亡率升高（16．7％）,而敲降DNase Ⅰ后则明显减少细胞凋亡的发生（9．9％）。结论：高糖可以诱导细胞内DNase Ⅰ的表达升高,从而介导胰岛β细胞的凋亡,该研究可能为胰岛β细胞凋亡的机制研究提供新的证据。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.