Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Inflammatory Breast Cancer

OBJECTIVE To observe the effect of preoperative chemoradiotherapy for inflammatory breast cancer. METHODS From December 1996 to December 2000, we received and treated 21 patients with inflammatory breast carcinoma with a combined-modality treatment. The chemotherapy protocol consisted of cyclophos-phamide (CTX), pirarubicin (THP-ADM) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or CTX, 5-Fu and methotrexate (MTX). The same infusion scheme was repeated on day 21. After 3-4 cycles the patients were treated with radiotherapy. When the radiation dose reached 40 Gy, the patients who were unable or unwilling to under go an operation received continued radiotherapy. When the radiation dose to the supra clavicular fossa and internal mammary lymph nodes reached 60 Gy and 50 Gy respectively, the radiotherapy was stopped. Chemotherapy was then continued with the original scheme. Patients who had indications for surgery and were willing to under go an operation received no treatment for 2 weeks, after which a total mastectomy was performed. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy was resumed with the original scheme after the operations. When the radiation dose reached 50 Gy, radiotherapy was stopped. RESULTS All patients were followed-up for more than 5 years with a follow-up rate of 100%. The overall 3 and 5-year survival rates of these patients were 42.9%, and 23.8% respectively. For patients in Stage IIIB the 3 and 5-year survival rates were 50.0% and 27.8% respectively, and for patients in Stage IV, the 3 and 5-year survival rates were both 0.0%. There was a significant difference between the 2 stage groups (P<0.05, x2=11.60). For patients who received an operation, the 3 and 5-year survival rates were 80.0% and 33.3% respectively, For patients who were not treated with an operation, the 3 and 5 -year survival rates were both 0.0%, There was a significant difference between the operated and non-operated groups (P<0.05, x2=11.64). CONCLUSION The prognosis of inflammatory breast carcinoma is poor. Before operation, a combined -modality treatment (first chemotherapy, then local therapy, finally chemotherapy and radiotherapy) is the best treatment method.     

60例T4期梨状窝鳞状细胞癌的疗效分析

目的 总结T4期梨状窝鳞状细胞癌的治疗效果.方法 无远处转移的T4期梨状窝鳞状细胞癌初治患者60例,根据治疗方式分为4组:单纯放疗组(R组)15例,平均放疗剂量为67.9 Gy;单纯手术组(S组)7例,全部行非喉功能保留手术;术前放疗加手术组(R+S组)16例,平均术前放疗剂量为49.8 Gy,其中3例行喉功能保留手术;手术加术后放疗组(S+R组)22例,全部行非喉功能保留手术,平均术后放疗剂量为58.5 Gy.结果 本组患者3年生存率为38.7%,5年生存率为32.4%.R组、S组、R+S组和S+R组的5年生存率分别为8.7%、33.3%、29.2%和47.7%.综合治疗患者(R+S组和S+R组)与单一治疗患者(R组和S组)的5年生存率分别为41.7%和13.6%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.02).R+S组和S+R组的5年总体生存率分别为29.2%和47.7%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.228).R+S组和S+R组的并发症发生率分别为50.0%和31.8%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.258).结论 T4期梨状窝鳞状细胞癌仍以计划性综合治疗为标准治疗,可较多采用术后放疗.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the treatment results of T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus. Methods Sixity patients with T4 cancer of the pyriform sinus were included in this retrospective analysis.Fifteen patients were treated with radiotherapy alone(Ra group) with 67.9 Gy.Seven patients were treated with surgery alone(S group) with no laryngeal function sparing surgery.Sixteen patients were treated with preoperative radiotherapy with 49.8 Gy followed by surgery including three cases with laryngeal function sparing surgery(R + S group).Twenty-two patients were treated with surgery followed by postoperative radiotherapy with 58.5 Gy(S + R group),and there was no laryngeal function sparing surgery in this group.The survival rate was calculated using Kaplan-Meier method. Results The overall 5-year survival rate for all patients was 32.4%,8.7% for R group,33.3% for S group,29.2% for R +S group,47.7% for S + R group,41.7% for combined therapy group(R + S group and S + R group) and 13.6% for single therapy group(S group and R group).There was a statistically significant difference between the two groups(P = 0.02) .The overall 5-year survival rates for R + S group and S + R group were 29.2% and 47.7%,respectively,with no significant difference(P =0.228).Surgery complications for R + S group was 50.0% and 31.8% for S + R group,with no significant difference(P = 0.258). Conclusions Combined therapy is the standard treatment modality for T4 squamous cell carcinoma of the pyriform sinus.Surgery with postoperative radiotherapy seems to be more advantageous.     

Implantation of 125Ⅰ seeds for recurrence cervical node of head and neck tumor after external beam radiotherapy

Objective To summarize the efficacy and the feasibility of 125I seed implantation for recurrence cervical lymph node of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus neck dissection. Methods Thirty-six patients with the recurrence cervical lymphnode of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy (17 patients) or radiotherapy plus neck dissection (19 patients) were treated with 125I seed implantation guided by ultrasound or CT under local anesthesia. The median number of seeds was 27( range from 3 to 78 ). Postoperative quality evaluation were routinely obtained for all patients. The actuarial D90 ranged from 90-160 Gy (median, 130 Gy). Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The number of the patients who were followed up over 1-and 2-year were 11 and 3. The overall response rate was 81%. The 1-and 2-year over local control rates, over survival rates were 69% and 35%, 50% and 22%, respectively.The 1-and 2-year local control rates in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy plus neck dissection were 72% and 54%, while those were 67% and 50% in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy,respectively (χ2=00,P=0.965). The 1-and 2-year survival rates in two groups were 48%, 13% , and 51%, 39%, respectively (χ2=0.17, P=0.676). Conclusions 125I seed implantation is a safe,minimal invasive with low morbidity and high efficacy salvage treatment method for cervical lymph node recurrence of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy with or without neck dissection.     

Clinical Analysis of 45 Patients with Thymic Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To retrospectively evaluate the prognostic factors for advanced thymic carcinoma.METHODS The data from 45 patients with advanced thymic carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed according to Masaoka stage criteria. There were 29 Stage Ⅲ patients and 16 Stage Ⅳ patients (13 Stage IVA patients and 3 Stage IVB patients).According to the World Heath Organization Histological Criteria (2004), 25 cases were identified as low-grade and 20 cases were identified as high-grade. All diagnoses were confirmed by biopsy. Five patients underwent gross total resection, 21patients underwent subtotal resection and 19 patients underwent biopsy alone. Forty-two patients received radiotherapy with a median dose of 60 Gy, and 37 patients underwent conventional radiotherapy, including local irradiation and expanded irradiation.Local irradiation volume covered the primary tumor bed and approximately 1-2 cm2 surrounding the tumor (according to preoperative imaging). Expanded irradiation volume covered the full mediastinal and pericardium areas (with or without prophylactic irradiation in the supraclavicular area). Five cases received stereotactic radiotherapy. Thirty-one patients were also treated with chemotherapeutics, including Cisplatin, VP-16,Endoxan, 5-FU and taxol.RESULTS The median follow-up period was 59 months. The overall 3-year survival rate was 57.8%, and the median survival was 45 months. Univariate statistical analysis showed that the histological subtype and Masaoka stage were prognostic factors.The 3-year survival rate was 61.9% in patients treated with gross total resection and 55.0% in those who underwent biopsy only. The 3-year survival rate was 59.5% in patients treated with conventional radiotherapy and 80% in those treated with stereotactic radiotherapy. The 3-year survival rate was 64.5% in patients treated with simultaneous chemotherapy and 42.9%in patients treated without simultaneous chemotherapy (P >0.05). Chemotherapy in combination with radiation treatment and surgery achieved better outcomes for Stage Ⅳ patients than radiation treatment and surgery without chemotherapy (P < 0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with Stage Ⅲ and Ⅳ thymic carcinoma, complete resection and postoperative radiotherapy or fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy constitute the best treatment solution. Chemotherapy can also be used in combination to improve prognosis. For patients with Stage Ⅳ thymic carcinoma,chemotherapy is necessary.     

Analysis of 80 Cases of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treated by Intracavitary Brachytherapy Using A New- Type Applicator

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the results and complications associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma （NPC） treated with combined external-beam radiotherapy （EBR） and intracavitary brachytherapy （IB） using a new-type applicator. METHODS Eighty patients with untreated NPC were divided into two groups based on therapy methods. An experimental group was treated with EBR plus IB and a control group was treated only with EBR. IB was given to the patients of the experimental group when the external radiotherapy dose amounted to more than 60～65 Gy. The total dose of IB was 6～20 Gy and the total dose of EBR of the control group was 70～75 Gy. RESULTS Follow-up was conducted for 97.5% of the patients with re- suits as follows： the overall response rates （ORR） for the experimental and the control groups were 92.5% and 75.3% respectively （P〈0.05）; the 3 and 5-year survival rates for the experimental group were 87.5% and 74.2% and for the control group, 65.0% and 55.6% （P〈0.05）; for the experimental group, the 3 and 5-year disease-free survival rates were 72.5% and 64.5% and for the control group, 60.0% and 52.8% （P〉0.05）.Some complications following radiotherapy showed a significant difference. CONCLUSION External irradiation plus intracavitary brachytherapy using a new-type applicator may improve the ORR and survival rates, reduce radiation complications and increase the quality of life.     

Evaluation of Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Gastric Carcinoma

OBJECTIVE To study the proper sites and doses of intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) for gastric carcinoma and the effects of this treatment.METHODS A total of 106 cases of stage Ⅰ- Ⅳ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 or D3 radical resection operation combined with IORT were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients with gastric cancer of the antrum and body received distal gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation were at the celiac artery and hepatoduodenal ligament area. Another 39 patients with carcinoma of the cardia and upper part of the gastric body and whole stomach received proximal gastrectomy or total gastrectomy. The sites of irradiation for this group were the upper margin of the pancreas and the regional paraaorta.The therapeutic effects (including survival and complications) of these 106cases who received a combined operation IORT (IORT group) were compared with 441 cases treated during the same time period by a radical resection operation alone (operation group).RESULTS The radiation dose below 30 Gy was safe. The therapeutic method of the operation combined with IORT did not prolong the survival time of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅳ gastric cancer, but the 5-year survival rates of patients with stage Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric cancers were significantly improved.While the 5-year survival rates of the stage Ⅲ cancer patients receiving D2 resection combined with IORT had marked improvement, for those receiving a D3 radical resection, only the postoperative survival rates at 3 and 4 years of those cases in stages Ⅲ cancers were improved (P＜0.005-0.001). The 5-year survival rate for those patients was raised only 4.7%(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The 5-year survival rates of patients with stages Ⅱ and Ⅲ gastric carcinoma who received a D2 lymphadenectomy combined with IORT were improved and had no influence on the postoperative complications and mortality.     

Three-Dimensional Conformal Radiotherapy for Rectal Cancer and the Changes in Cancer Multi-biomarkers

OBJECTIVE To investigate the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT)for local y advanced or postoperatively relapsed rectal cancer,and to examine the changes in cancer multi-biomarkers. METHODS Sixty patients with locally advanced or postoperatively relapsed rectal cancer were randomly divided into two groups after 40 Gy external radiation,namely a late-course 3D-CRT group and a conventional radiotherapy group that served as the control.There were 30 patients in each group.For patients in the 3D-CRT group,multi-biomarkers were measured before and after radiotherapy and after relapse. RESULTS Response rates in the 3D-CRT and the control groups were 86.7%(26/30)and 70%(21/30)respectively,without a significant difference (P>0.05).The 1-,2-and 3-year survival rates were 80%,53.3%and 36.7% in the 3D-CRT group;in the control group the rates were 56.7%,40%and 13.3%respectively,with a significant difference(P=0.0213).CEA,CA19-9, CA242 and FER decreased after radiotherapy in the 3D-CRT group,P<0.01, indicating a significant difference.The values after relapse were higher than those without relapse,P<0.01,indicating a significant difference. CONCLUSION Conventional radiotherapy with a 3D-CRT boost gives better therapeutic effect to patients with locally advanced or postoperatively local y relapsed rectal cancer.A multi-biomarker protein chip diagnosis system can be utilized as an effective tool to determine the therapeutic effect and prognosis.     

三维放疗联合顺铂同期化疗局部晚期宫颈癌疗效分析

目的 分析CT图像为基础三维适形放疗联合顺铂同期化疗对晚期宫颈癌患者疗效及副反应情况.方法 回顾分析2007-2008年本科收治的181例Ⅱa～Ⅳa期宫颈癌患者资料,其中年龄32～82岁(中位数50岁).放疗采用以CT图像为基础的三维适形放疗和三维192Ir后装照射技术,同期联合顺铂单药每周化疗方案.结果 随访中位数34个月,随访率为92.2%.全组患者3年总生存率为73.4%、无瘤生存率为70.4%、盆腔控制率为91.3%.肿瘤直径≥4 cm和＜4 cm者总生存率分别为66.9%和86.4%(χ2=6.29,P=0.012).RTOG分级急性胃肠道副反应1、2级发生率分别为40.0%、45.0%,泌尿系副反应l、2级发生率分别为19.9%、4.4%.RTOG分级晚期下消化道副反应3+4级发生率为4.9%.结论 以CT图像为基础三维适形放疗和三维192Ir后装照射技术联合顺铂同期化疗对局部晚期宫颈癌患者疗效较好,并对降低晚期严重副反应的发生有益.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the therapeutic efficacy and treatment related toxicities for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) combined with concurrent chemotherapy. Methods From January 2007 to February 2008, 181 patients with stage ⅡA-ⅣA cervical cancer were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were treated with CT-based three-dimensional external beam and 192Ir intracavity radiotherapy combined with concurrent weekly cisplatin-based chemotherapy. The median age was 50 years (range, 32 to 82 years). The overall survival ( OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) rates were calcalated by Kaplan-Meier method and the difference was compared using Log-rank test. The treatment related toxicities were evaluated according to Radiotherapy Oncology Group (RTOG) criteria. Results With a median follow-up time of 34 months and following rate of 92. 2%, the 3-year OS, DFS and LC rates were 73.4%, 70. 4% and 91.3%,respectively. The 3-year OS rate was 66. 9% for patients with tumor diameter ≥4 cm and 86. 4% for those with tumor diameter ＜4 cm( χ2 =6. 29 ,P =0. 012). The incidences of grade 1 and grade 2 acute toxicities of the lower gastrointestinal tract and the genitourinary system were 40. 0% ,45.0% and 19. 9% ,4. 4%,retrospectively. There were no grade 3 or more acute toxicities. The incidence of grades 3 or 4 late toxicities of the lower gastrointestinal tract was 4. 9%. Conclusions CT-based three-dimensional external beam and 192Ir intracavity radiotherapy combined with concurrent chemotherapy can achieve good therapeutic effects for locally advanced cervical cancer. The acute and late toxicities are significantly reduced compared with historic controls as a result of incorporation of 3DCRT technique.     

Limited Margins Using Modern Radiotherapy Techniques Does Not Increase Marginal Failure Rate of Glioblastoma

PURPOSE: We investigate the patterns of failure in the treatment of glioblastoma(GBM) based on clinical target volume(CTV) margin size,dose delivered to the site of initial failure,and the use of temozolomide and intensity-modulated radiotherapy(IMRT).METHODS: Between August 2000 and May 2010,161 patients with GBM were treated with radiotherapy with or without concurrent temozolomide.Patients were treated with CTV expansions that ranged from 5 to 20 mm using a shrinking field technique.Patterns of failure and time to progression and overall survival were compared based on CTV margin,use of temozolomide,and use of IMRT.Kaplan Meier analysis was used to estimate survival times,and χ test was used for comparison of cohorts.RESULTS: For patients treated with 5-,10-,and 15-to 20-mm CTV,79%,77%,and 86% experienced failures in the 60 Gy volume,respectively.Forty-eight percent,55%,and 66% of patients with 5-,10-,and 15-to 20-mm CTV experienced failures in the 46 Gy volume,respectively.There was no statistical difference between patients treated with 5-,10-,15-to 20-mm margins with regard to 60 Gy failure(P=0.76),46 Gy failure(P=0.51),or marginal failure(P=0.73).Eighty percent of patients receiving temozolomide experienced failures in the 60 Gy volume.There was no increased likelihood of marginal failures in patients receiving IMRT(P =0.97).CONCLUSIONS: Modern treatment techniques including use of concurrent temozolmide,limited CTV margin size,and IMRT have not greatly changed the patterns of failure of GBM.     

125Ⅰ粒子治疗头颈部肿瘤颈淋巴结放疗后复发的结果分析

目的 探讨125I粒子植入治疗头颈部肿瘤单纯放疗后淋巴结复发及颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发患者疗效.方法 2002年9月至2009年7月收治的36例患者入组,其中单纯颈部放疗后淋巴结复发17例,颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发19例.局部麻醉超声或CT引导下植入3～78个粒子.粒子针间距1 cm,后退式植入粒子间距为1 cm,距影像学边界外0.5 cm.术后剂量验证实际D90为90～160 Gy,中位数130Gy.结果 随访率为100%,随访满1、2年者分别为11、3例.总反应率为81%,1、2年局部控制率分别为69%、35%,生存率分别为50%、22%;颈清扫+放疗后复发组的1、2年局部控制率分别为72%、54%,单纯颈部放疗后复发组分别为67%、50%(χ2=0.00,P=0.965);生存率分别为48%、13%和51%、39%(χ2=0.17,P=0.676).结论 125I粒子植入治疗头颈部肿瘤单纯放疗后淋巴结复发及颈清扫+放疗后淋巴结复发患者是一种安全、有效的微创挽救治疗手段.

Abstract：

Objective To summarize the efficacy and the feasibility of 125I seed implantation for recurrence cervical lymph node of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy or radiotherapy plus neck dissection. Methods Thirty-six patients with the recurrence cervical lymphnode of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy (17 patients) or radiotherapy plus neck dissection (19 patients) were treated with 125I seed implantation guided by ultrasound or CT under local anesthesia. The median number of seeds was 27( range from 3 to 78 ). Postoperative quality evaluation were routinely obtained for all patients. The actuarial D90 ranged from 90-160 Gy (median, 130 Gy). Results The follow-up rate was 100%. The number of the patients who were followed up over 1-and 2-year were 11 and 3. The overall response rate was 81%. The 1-and 2-year over local control rates, over survival rates were 69% and 35%, 50% and 22%, respectively.The 1-and 2-year local control rates in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy plus neck dissection were 72% and 54%, while those were 67% and 50% in patients with recurrence node after radiotherapy,respectively (χ2=00,P=0.965). The 1-and 2-year survival rates in two groups were 48%, 13% , and 51%, 39%, respectively (χ2=0.17, P=0.676). Conclusions 125I seed implantation is a safe,minimal invasive with low morbidity and high efficacy salvage treatment method for cervical lymph node recurrence of head and neck tumor after radiotherapy with or without neck dissection.     

老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌同步放化疗的临床对照研究

目的:探讨不同方案同步放化疗和单纯放疗对老年Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的疗效和安全性.方法:老年Ⅲ期NSCLC患者193例,根据患者入组顺序,采用随机数字表法,按不同治疗方案分为4组(A、B、C和D组),均接受三维适形放疗,照射剂量60～66.6 Gy,常规分割剂量1.8～2.0 Gy/次,6～8周内完成放疗.A组仅行单纯放疗;B组接受同步榄香烯乳治疗;C组联合吉西他滨(GEM)加顺铂(DDP)化疗,放疗期间同步化疗1～2个周期,放疗结束后巩固化疗2～3个周期;D组联合紫杉醇脂质体(PL)加DDP化疗,同步化疗1～2个周期,放疗结束2～4周后巩固化疗2～3个周期.定期复查并观察疗效及不良反应,主要研究终点为疾病无进展时间(PFS)及总生存时间(OS).结果:全组中位随访21个月,中位PFS 13个月,中位OS 19个月.各组治疗有效率(CR+PR)依次为43.6％、54.3％、70.8％和75.0％.有效率组间比较,C组较A、B两组高,差异有统计学意义,P值均＜0.05.D组亦较A、B两组高,差异有统计学意义,P值均＜0.05.各组的1、3和5年生存率比较,C组最高,依次为72.9％、39.6％和16.4％,A组最低,依次为46.2％、15.4％和0.C组较A、B组均显著延长PFS和OS,差异均有统计学意义,P值均＜0.05.D组也较A组显著延长了PFS和OS,且差异有统计学意义,P值均＜0.05.D组对B组也有生存优势,但仅OS的差异有统计学意义,P值均＜0.05.在放射性肺炎、放射性食管炎、骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应方面,同步放化疗组不良反应发生率高于单纯放疗组,差异有统计学意义,P值均＜0.05.结论:对于老年Ⅲ期NSCLC患者,同步放化疗可显著提高有效率,延长PFS和OS.     

不可手术局部晚期NSCLC隔周恩度联合同步放化疗多中心五年生存分析

目的:评价隔周使用重组人血管内皮抑制素(恩度)联合以铂类为基础同步放化疗治疗不可手术局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者的5年生存情况。方法:2009—2015年间来自两项前瞻性研究的115例患者[2009—2012年临床试验(ClinicalTrials.gov,编号NCT01218594)和2012—2015年的...     

局部晚期非小细胞肺癌调强放疗与三维适形放疗的剂量学及临床疗效分析

[目的]分析比较局部晚期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）调强放疗（IMRT）与三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）的临床疗效及对靶区和危及器官的剂量学差异。[方法]回顾性分析局部晚期非小细胞肺癌102例,其中52例采用3D-CRT,50例采用IMRT治疗,处方剂量PTV：56~64Gy/28~33次,比较两组的临床疗效和不良反应。选择其中10例患者的CT定位图像,分别设计IMRT和3D-CRT计划,给予DT：64Gy/32f照射,用剂量体积直方图（DVH）评价2种治疗计划的靶区和危及器官的剂量参数。[结果]10例IMRT计划中肺的V20、V30及肺平均剂量低于3D-CRT,而V5高于3D-CRT计划（P〈0.05）,V10无差异（P〉0.05）。IMRT的靶区适形指数（CI）和靶区均匀指数（HI）均优于3D-CRT（P〈0.05）,IMRT计划中脊髓的最大剂量（Dmax）较3D-CRT低（P〈0.05）。IMRT组与3DCRT组的1、2、3年生存率分别为82.0%、46.0%、28.0%和76.9%、36.5%、19.2%,中位生存期分别为22个月和18个月（P〉0.05）,1、2、3年无进展生存率分别为70.0%、34.0%、16.0%和63.5%、25.0%、9.6%,中位PFS分别为18个月和16个月（P〉0.05）。同步放化疗患者1、2、3年总生存率、无进展生存率分别为90.5%、71.4%、47.6%和85.7%、52.3%、33.3%,与序贯化放疗相比有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。IMRT组与3D-CRT组的近期疗效分别为76.0%、55.8%（P〈0.05）,急性放疗反应发生率两组无显著性差异。[结论]调强放射治疗可提高非小细胞肺癌近期疗效,调强放射治疗的计划可以提高靶区的适形度和均匀性,同时降低危及器官的剂量。     

食管鳞癌三维适形放疗剂量与疗效分析

目的 食管癌放疗剂量既是研究热点,也是影响疗效的重要原因.本研究旨在观察食管癌三维适形放疗不同剂量分组的疗效差异.方法 回顾性分析2003-07-01-2012-06-30河北医科大学第四医院放疗科收治的食管癌患者1 149例,其中TNMⅡ期321例,Ⅲ期828例;放化疗者331例,单纯放疗者818例.将患者分为<60 Gy组(n=95),60 Gy组(n=620)和>60 Gy组(n=434),Kaplan-Meier法观察全组患者、不同分期患者及是否行化疗者不同剂量分组的生存率.结果 全组患者可评价者1 073例,其中CR 539例(50.2%),PR 524例(48.8%),SD 10例(0.9%);有效率99.1%(1 063/1 073);全组患者1年生存率67.6%,3年34.3%,5年25.1%,10年11.0%,中位生存期21个月.<60 Gy组1年生存率为48.4%,3年生存率为20.0%,5年生存率为14.5%;60 Gy组1年生存率为70.8%,3年生存率为38.7%,5年生存率为29.2%;>60 Gy组1年生存率为67.3%,3年生存率为31.1%,5年生存率为21.6%,χ2=26.536,P=0.000.放化疗组中60 Gy组1、3、5年生存率优于<60 Gy组及>60 Gy组,χ2=14.758,P=0.001;单放组中60 Gy组与>60 Gy组1、3、5年生存率类似,<60 Gy组生存情况最差,χ2=14.575,P=0.001.Ⅱ期患者中60 Gy组生存情况最优,>60 Gy组次之,<60 Gy组生存情况最差,χ2=7.478,P=0.024;Ⅲ期患者中60 Gy组与>60 Gy组生存情况相近,<60 Gy组生存情况最差,χ2=19.155,P<0.001.多因素Cox回归分析显示,以60 Gy组为参照组进行比较,<60 Gy组HR均>1,均P<0.05;>60 Gy组在放化疗组、Ⅱ期患者中HR均>1,均P<0.05;在单放组及Ⅲ期患者中HR虽>1,P值却>0.05.肿瘤复发和未控为全组患者主要死亡原因,占38.2%(354/927).死于未控的比例<60 Gy组(22.1%)要明显高于60 Gy组(12.4%)及>60 Gy组(11.7%),χ2=6.908,P=0.032.结论 食管癌三维适形放疗处方剂量60 Gy组生存情况最优;对于单放者及Ⅲ期患者,处方剂量不宜低于60 Gy.     

≥70岁食管癌根治性3DRT±化疗预后分析

目的 探讨根治性3DRT±化疗在≥70岁食管癌患者中的疗效和不良反应。方法回顾分析2008—2013年收治的116例接受根治性3DRT±化疗的≥70岁食管癌患者,其中同期放化疗32例、序贯放化疗24例、单纯放疗60例。Kaplan-Meier法计算OS、PFS率并Logrank法检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 随访率100%。2、3年样本量分别为102、77例。1、2、3年OS率分别为59.1%、38.4%、23.2%,PFS率分别为61.9%、37.9%、0%。同期放化疗、序贯放化疗、单纯放疗的中位OS分别为22.3、18.0、12.4个月(P=0.044);放疗60 Gy、<60 Gy的中位OS分别为24.7、10.9个月(P=0.036),60 Gy、>60 Gy的中位OS分别为24.7、18.7月(P=0.938)。多因素分析显示性别、是否联合化疗及放疗剂量为OS的影响因素(P=0.003、0.042、0.037)。结论 老年食管癌能耐受根治性3DRT±化疗且可取得与<70岁患者相似疗效,根治性同期放化疗预后优于序贯放化疗及单纯放疗,放疗60 Gy较<60 Gy可明显提高生存,60 Gy为最适宜的放疗剂量。     

Ⅲ期NSCLC的3DCRT长期疗效及预后因素

目的 评价Ⅲ期NSCLC的3DCRT疗效以及预后相关因素。方法 2000—2010年接受3DCRT的NSCLC患者474例,其中男382例、女92例,中位年龄63岁;Ⅲ_A期211例、Ⅲ_B期263例。单纯放疗165例、放疗+化疗者309例;采用常规放疗+3DCRT、3DCRT、IMRT者分别为55、340、79例,中位等效剂量60(44~77) Gy。Kapian-Meier法计算生存率,Logrank法单因素分析,Cox模型多因素分析。结果 随访率96.6%;全组1、3、5年OS率分别为63.0%、24.9%、17.8%,中位生存期18个月。单因素分析显示性别、年龄、近期疗效、放疗方式、分割方式、化疗与否、RP为预后因素(P=0.004、0.001、0.000、0.007、0.004、0.009、0.049);多因素分析显示性别、年龄、近期疗效、放疗方式、RP为预后因素(P=0.006、0.000、0.000、0.003、0.048),其中放疗剂量60~66 Gy者预后最好。结论 Ⅲ期NSCLC的3DCRT疗效表明女性、低年龄组、近期疗效好、全程3DCRT、0-1级RP者预后好,反之预后差;3DCRT联合化疗有生存获益,放疗剂量以60~66 Gy为宜。     

紫杉醇卡铂周方案同步化疗联合三维适形放射治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的观察紫杉醇卡铂周方案同步化疗联合三维适形放疗(3D-CRT)治疗局部晚期非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)的毒性反应及疗效。方法采用前瞻性非随机对照方法,将52例局部晚期NSCLC患者分为同步组(21例):采用紫杉醇和卡铂周方案化疗联合同步3D-CRT;序贯组(31例):采用紫杉醇和卡铂序贯化疗联合3D-CRT。同步组紫杉醇40 mg/m2,静脉滴注1h;卡铂AUC 1.5。序贯组在放疗前行2周期的紫杉醇和卡铂辅助化疗,紫杉醇150 mg/m2,第1天、第21天;卡铂AUC 5,第1天、第21天。3D-CRT 1.8～2.0 Gy/d,总剂量60～66 Gy/6～8周。结果52例患者全部完成治疗。有12例患者在治疗过程中由于白细胞减少而导致治疗时间延长1周以上,其中同步组5例,序贯组7例。同步组中,肺原发灶完全缓解(CR)为9.5%(2/21),部分缓解(PR)为71.4%(15/21),无变化和进展(NC PD)为19.0%(4/21),有效率(CR PR)为81.0%。序贯组中,肺原发灶CR为6.5%(2/31),PR为67.7%(21/31),NC PD为25.8%(8/31),CR PR为74.2%。同步组和序贯组患者的Ⅱ～Ⅲ级急性放射性食管炎、Ⅱ～Ⅲ级急性放射性肺炎和Ⅱ～Ⅲ级白细胞减少发生率分别为61.9%(13/21)和41.9%(13/31)、23.8%(5/21)和22.6%(7/31)及42.9%(9/21)和19.4%(6/31)。同步组有1例患者出现Ⅳ级白细胞减少。52例患者的中位生存时间为17.5个月(同步组19.0个月,序贯组15.8个月),1、2年总生存率分别为72.0%和37.0%,1、2年局部控制率分别为75.0%和75.0%。结论同步放化疗是一种安全有效的治疗方法,绝大多数患者能耐受治疗。同步组与序贯组相比,有提高有效率和延长生存率的趋势,但差异并无统计学意义。     

改良三维适形放疗治疗巨块型局部晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床观察

 目的　探讨改良的三维适形放疗（3D-CRT）计划对巨块型非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）的靶区剂量的影响,并观察近期及远期疗效和毒副作用。方法　回顾性分析临床确诊为局部晚期NSCLC的81例患者临床资料;肿瘤直径均≥5 cm;鳞状细胞癌52例,腺癌24例,腺鳞癌5例;ⅢA 63例,ⅢB 18例;分为改良前3D-CRT组（简称T1模式组）39例和改良后3D-CRT组（简称T2模式组）42例。T1模式组接受放化疗综合治疗者31例（79.5 %）,放疗剂量2 Gy／次,26～30次,总剂量52～60 Gy;T2模式组接受放化疗综合治疗者31例（73.8 %）,放疗剂量2 Gy／次,30～35次,总剂量60～70 Gy。结果　T1模式组患者的1、2、3年总生存率分别为56.4 %、33.3 %、28.4 %,1、2、3年局部控制率分别为38.4 %、28.2 %、20.5 %,中位生存期为17个月;T2模式组患者的1、2、3年总生存率分别为61.9 %、35.7 %、28.5 %,1、2、3年局部控制率分别为47.6 %、40.4 %、30.9 %,中位生存期19个月;两组之间局部控制率差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）,总生存率及中位生存期差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论　改良后的3D-CRT技术能够提高巨块型局部晚期NSCLC患者的局部控制率及生存质量,患者1年生存率有提高,远期生存率无提高。     

Comparison of outcomes for patients with medically inoperable Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer treated with two-dimensional vs. three-dimensional radiotherapy

PURPOSE: This retrospective analysis was performed to assess the outcomes of three-dimensional (3D) conformal radiotherapy and two-dimensional (2D) planning. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Between 1978 and 2003, 200 patients with Stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were treated with radiotherapy alone at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center. Eighty-five patients were treated with 3D conformal radiotherapy. For the 3D group, median age, radiation dose, and follow-up was 73 (range, 50-92), 66 Gy (range, 45-90.3 Gy), and 19 months (range, 3-77 months), respectively; and for the 2D group, 69 (range, 44-88), 64 Gy (range, 20-74 Gy), 20 months (range, 1-173 months), respectively. Overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS), disease-free survival (DFS), locoregional control (LRC), and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates were analyzed. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference in patient and tumor characteristics between 2D and 3D groups, except the 3D patients were older (p = 0.006). The OS, DSS, and LRC rates were significantly higher in patients who were treated by 3D conformal radiotherapy. Two- and 5-year OS for the 3D group were 68% and 36%, respectively, and 47% and 10% in the 2D group (p = 0.001). DSS at 2 and 5 years for the 3D group were 83% and 68%, respectively, vs. 62% and 29% in the 2D group (p < 0.001). LRC rates at 2 and 5 years for patients in the 3D group were 77% and 70% and 53% and 34% in the 2D group (p < 0.001). On univariate analysis elective, nodal irradiation was associated with decreased OS, DSS, and LRC. On multivariate analysis, 3D conformal radiotherapy was associated with increased OS and DSS. Male sex, age > or =70, weight loss > or =5%, and tumor size > or =4 cm were associated with decreased OS and DSS. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that 3D conformal radiotherapy improves outcomes in patients with medically inoperable Stage I NSCLC compared with 2D treatment and is an acceptable treatment for this group of patients.     

食管癌同期放化疗不同放疗剂量远期疗效分析

目的 比较食管癌同期放化疗不同放疗剂量的LC、长期OS及临床不良反应情况。方法 选取2004—2013年间本院接受同期放化疗的373例食管鳞癌患者,根据放疗剂量分为<60 Gy组99例、60 Gy组155例、>60 Gy组119例。采用Kaplan-Meier法计算LC、OS率并Logrank检验和单因素预后分析,Cox模型多因素预后分析。结果 放疗剂量<60 Gy组,60 Gy组和>60 Gy组3、5、7、10年样本量分别为97、96、56、38例,146、141、72、17例和118、115、56、20例,其LC率分别为55.3%、51.4%、48.9%、48.9%,65.1%、60.1%、55.1%、55.1%和49.4%、45.1%、37.7%、37.7%(8年)(P=0.020);OS率分别为35.4%、26.1%、22.0%、22.0%,49.0%、41.3%、32.1%、28.9%和31.1%、25.2%、14.5%、12.9%(8年)(P=0.000)。单因素分析结果显示肿瘤体积≤44 cm³、Ⅰ—Ⅱ期患者60 Gy组LC率优于<60 Gy组(P=0.040、0.035),而OS率则优于其他两组(P=0.001、0.003,P=0.045、0.006);而对于肿瘤体积>44 cm³、Ⅲ期患者60 Gy组LC率优于>60 Gy组(P=0.011、0.015),OS率优于其他两组(P=0.045、0.006,P=0.033、0.002)。>60 Gy组RE、RP发生率高于其他两组(P=0.007、0.033)。多因素分析结果显示放疗剂量及非手术T分期、N分期是预后影响因素(P=0.004、0.008、0.037)。结论 食管癌同期放化疗剂量以60 Gy为优,接受>60 Gy放疗剂量患者不良反应显著增加。