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1.
Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HOPP) is a rare autosomal-dominant disease characterized by reversible attacks of muscle weakness occurring with episodic hypokalemia. Mutations in the skeletal muscle calcium (CACNA1S) and sodium channel (SCN4A) genes have been reported to be responsible for familial HOPP. Fifty-one HOPP patients from 20 Korean families were studied to determine the relative frequency of the known mutations and to specify the clinical features associated with the identified mutations. DNA analysis identified known mutations in 12 families: 9 (75%) were linked to the CACNA1S gene and 3 (25%) to the SCN4A gene. The Arg528His mutation in the CACNA1S gene was found to be predominant in these 12 families. Additionally, we have detected one novel silent exonic mutation (1950C>T) in the SCN4A gene. As for a SCN4A Arg669His mutation, incomplete penetrance in a woman was observed. Characteristic clinical features were observed both in patients with and without mutations. This study presents comprehensive data on the genotype and phenotype of Korean families with HOPP.  相似文献   

2.
目的筛查家族性低钾型周期性麻痹(hypokalaemic periodic paralysis,HOKPP)相关基因突变位点,总结该病基因型和临床表型的相关性。方法应用PCR和DNA测序技术,对1个HOKPP家系(包括2例患者共11名成员)进行候选基因CACNA1S和SCN4A的筛查,并总结该家系患者的临床特点。结果此家系的2例患者符合HOKPP的诊断标准,突出特点为:儿童期发病,青春期加重,成年后病情减轻;女性在月经前期好发,而妊娠期无发作;钾剂和乙酰唑胺治疗有效。DNA测序结果发现2例患者的CACNA1S基因第30外显子上均存在3716(G→A)杂合突变,导致氨基酸序列改变R1239H,家族其他成员未见此突变。结论中国家族性HOKPP存在CACNA1S基因R1239H突变。  相似文献   

3.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HypoPP) is an autosomal dominant disorder which is characterized by periodic attacks of muscle weakness associated with a decrease in the serum potassium level. The skeletal muscle calcium channel -subunit gene CACNA1S is a major disease-causing gene for HypoPP, however, only three specific HypoPP-causing mutations, Arg528His, Arg1,239His and Arg1,239Gly, have been identified in CACNA1S to date. In this study, we studied a four-generation Chinese family with HypoPP with 43 living members and 19 affected individuals. Linkage analysis showed that the causative mutation in the family is linked to the CACNA1S gene with a LOD score of 6.7. DNA sequence analysis revealed a heterozygous C to G transition at nucleotide 1,582, resulting in a novel 1,582CG (Arg528Gly) mutation. The Arg528Gly mutation co-segregated with all affected individuals in the family, and was not present in 200 matched normal controls. The penetrance of the Arg528Gly mutation was complete in male mutation carriers, however, a reduced penetrance of 83% (10/12) was observed in female carriers. No differences were detected for age-at-onset and severity of the disease (frequency of symptomatic attacks per year) between male and female patients. Oral intake of KCl is effective in blocking the symptomatic attacks. This study identifies a novel Arg528Gly mutation in the CACNA1S gene that causes HypoPP in a Chinese family, expands the spectrum of mutations causing HypoPP, and demonstrates a gender difference in the penetrance of the disease.Qiufen Wang and Mugen Liu contributed equally to this work  相似文献   

4.
目的对CACNA1S基因R1239H突变导致的低钾周期性麻痹(HoKPP1型)家系中的1例中期妊娠者进行产前基因诊断,从而预防HoKPP患儿出生。方法患者于16孕周在B超下进行羊膜囊穿刺,抽取羊水10 mL,提取羊水细胞基因组DNA。选择3个多态性STR位点,D13S317、D8S1179和D16S539,排除母体细胞的污染。在此基础上对CAC-NA1S基因外显子30进行扩增,PCR产物进行正、反向测序。结果 STR多态性位点分析,证明无母体细胞污染,胎儿CACNA1S基因30外显子测序结果显示,胎儿带有和母亲同样的CACNA1S基因突变R1239H。结论对于有HoKPP风险的胎儿进行产前基因诊断非常重要,可以明确胎儿基因型,预防患儿出生。  相似文献   

5.
Episodic ataxia type 2 (EA2) has been reported to result from mutations in the CACNA1A gene, located on chromosome 19p13. We describe a family with episodic ataxia, clinically indistinguishable from EA2, that was not caused by CACNA1A gene mutation. The proband is an 11-year-old boy, who has had 6 cerebellar ataxic attacks since 8 years of age. His attacks occurred almost monthly, lasting for 2 to 3 days. He was treated successfully with acetazolamide. His identical twin, mother and grandmother developed ataxic attacks at age 10, 34, and 50, respectively. The symptoms in his grandmother improved gradually without medication. His mother and identical twin took acetazolamide with a good response. We examined the CACNA1A gene for this family but did not detect any mutations. Furthermore, there was no evidence of genetic linkage between the CACNA1A gene and the symptomatic patients in this family. This suggests that the cause of EA2 can be heterogeneous, that is, defects of genes other than CACNA1A might be the cause of EA2.  相似文献   

6.
In this study, we analyzed the ABCD1 gene in 80 X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) patients from 62 unrelated families. We identified 53 different mutations, of which 26 are novel and two are non-pathogenic sequence variants (L516L and 3'UTR, 2246C/G) that have been previously described. The Spanish population had significant allelic heterogeneity, in which most of the mutations were exclusive to a single family 47/53 (88.7%). Only six mutations (Y174S, G277R, FsE471, R518Q, P543L, and R554H) were found in more than one family. Mutations G277R, P543L, and R554H were the most frequent, each of them being found in three patients (5%). Intra-familiar phenotype variability was observed in most of the families, but in one, with the novel mutation R120P, only the adult mild phenotype was present (five hemizygous family members). We detected 80 heterozygous women by mutation analysis, but only 78 of them showed increased very-long-chain fatty acid levels. In conclusion, this study extends the spectrum of mutations in X-ALD and facilitates the identification of heterozygous females. Our results are also consistent with previous studies reporting the difficulty of predicting genotype-phenotype correlation.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)12S rRNA基因与中国人非综合征型遗传性耳聋的关系。方法对两个母系遗传性的非综合征型耳聋家系中20名成员及32例散发耳聋患者外周血DNA进行12S rRNA、tRNA^ser(UCN)以及GJB2基因PCR扩增,产物通过限制性片段多态性分析及基因测序,进行突变检测和分析。结果所有研究对象的基因区域均扩增成功。12S rRNA全序列测定发现两家系中所有受检的母系成员(包括12例耳聋患者)均存在nt827A→G转换,并表现为同质性突变。而非母系成员该位点序列正常。32例散发耳聋中有1例A827G突变阳性。未检测到GJB2基因、tRN^ser(UCN) A7445G及12S rRNA A1555G突变。结论再次验证了mtDNA 12S rRNA基因突变在母系遗传性非综合征型耳聋发病中的重要性。首次发现mt DNA 12S rRNA nt827A→G转换是导致两个中国家系耳聋遗传易感性的分子基础。  相似文献   

8.
Congenital nystagmus (NYS) is characterized by bilateral, spontaneous, and involuntary movements of the eyeballs that most commonly presents between 2 and 6 months of life. To date, 44 different FRMD7 gene mutations have been found to be etiological factors for the NYS1 locus at Xq26-q27. The aim of this study was to find the FRMD7 gene mutations in a large eleven-generation Indian pedigree with 71 members who are affected by NYS. Mutation analysis of the entire coding region and splice junctions of the FRMD7 gene revealed a novel missense mutation, c.A917G, predicts a substitution of Arg for Gln at codon 305 (Q305R) within exon 10 of FRMD7. The mutation was detected in hemizygous males, and in homozygous and heterozygous states in affected female members of the family. This mutation was not detected in unaffected members of the family or in 100 unrelated control subjects. This mutation was found to be at a highly conserved residue within the FERM-adjacent domain in affected members of the family. Structure prediction and energetic analysis of wild-type FRMD7 compared with mutant (Q305R) revealed that this change in amino acid led to a change in secondary structure predicted to be an energetically unstable protein. The present study represents the first confirmation of FRMD7 gene mutations in a multigenerational Indian family and expands the mutation spectrum for this locus.  相似文献   

9.
3个肾上腺脑白质营养不良家系的基因突变分析   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
目的 对 3个肾上腺脑白质营养不良 ( adrenoleukodystrophy,AL D) ( MIM# 30 0 10 0 )家系进行基因突变分析。方法 从 3个 AL D患儿及其主要家系成员的外周血白细胞 ,提取总 RNA和基因组 DNA。应用逆转录聚合酶链反应技术 ,对 3个家系的 ABCD1基因编码区 ,分 4个片段进行 PCR扩增并对 PCR产物直接测序。同时应用 PCR-限制性酶切或扩增阻滞突变系统分析相应的基因组 DNA,进一步确证ABCD1基因的突变位点。结果  3名患儿的 ABCD1基因上均存在错义突变 ,其中患儿 1的 ABCD1基因第 5 34位密码子发生 CCC→ CGC改变 ,使脯氨酸被精氨酸取代 ( P5 34R) ;患儿 2的 ABCD1基因第 2 6 6位密码子发生 GGG→AGG改变 ,使甘氨酸被精氨酸取代 ( G2 6 6 R) ;患儿 3母亲的 ABCD1上一个等位基因第 6 17位密码子发生 CGC→ GGC改变 ,使精氨酸被甘氨酸取代 ( R6 17G) ,另一个等位基因未发生突变。结论 在中国人 AL D患者中发现 1个新的 ABCD1基因突变 ( P5 34R) ,并首次在中国人 AL D患者中检测到G2 6 6 R、R6 17G突变  相似文献   

10.
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI) is a rare, mostly X-linked recessive disorder characterized by renal tubular resistance to the antidiuretic effect of arginine vasopressin. The gene responsible for the X-linked NDI, the G-protein-coupled vasopressin V2 receptor, has been localized on the Xq28 region. In this study we present three NDI families from Hungary with three different missense mutations in the vasopressin V2 receptor gene. After the mutations in the affected probands in each family had been characterized, other family members were screened by restriction enzyme analysis. The N317K and W323S mutations have not been detected previously. The C112R is an already known mutation. The N317K was a de novo mutation in the patient. The C112R and the W323S were found in the mothers of the patients as carriers and in all other patients, but not in the unaffected members of the families. Segregation of the mutations was consistent with the clinically observed symptoms as well as their severity. As conclusion, these findings further evidence that X-linked NDI results from defects in the V2 receptor gene.  相似文献   

11.
目的 确定一个中国人裂手足家系的致病性基因突变,探讨基因型-表型关系.方法 收集患者及其家庭成员的外周血,提取基因组DNA.采用PCR扩增P63基因和HOXD13基因的外显子,对PCR产物进行双向测序检测基因突变.结果 在所有患者中检测到P63基因第7外显子的杂合型956G→A突变,导致蛋白产物第280位的精氨酸被组氨酸取代(R280H).在正常家庭成员中未检测到该突变.结论 该家族中的患者以对称性裂手足伴并指趾为主要特征,由P63基因的R280H突变所致.  相似文献   

12.
目的 通过对一个母系遗传非综合征型耳聋家系进行线粒体DNA(mitochondrial DNA,mtDNA)12S rRNA、tRNA~(Ser(UCN))以及核基因GJB2突变分析,研究mtDNA突变与遗传性耳聋的相关性.方法 临床听力测试以明确诊断,收集非综合征型遗传性耳聋家系中18例母系成员和53名对照(包括6名父系亲属、7名配偶对照和40名当地无关对照)外周静脉血样本,采用聚合酶链反应和测序技术对mtDNA 12S rRNA、tRNA~(ser(UCN))和GJB2基因进行突变分析,并对发现的基因突变进行计算机辅助的二级结构模拟分析.结果 测序结果表明,此家系线粒体DNA 12S rRNA存在mtDNA G709A点突变,该突变未见报道;无tRNA~(Ser(UCN))基因突变;对GJB2突变分析发现4例具有299-300 delAT.计算机分析显示12SrRNA的二级结构中第8、9茎环结构发生改变.结论 家系中8例耳聋患者都具有线粒体12S rRNAG709A位点的突变,该突变在正常人群中具有高度保守性,提示GT09A点突变与母系遗传家系成员的进行性耳聋具有相关性;10例具有G709A突变的母系遗传家系成员未出现耳聋的临床表现,提示G709A点突变可能在其他核修饰基因的协同作用下参与了听力损害的过程.  相似文献   

13.
Of the 18 missense mutations in the CACNA1A gene, which are associated with familial hemiplegic migraine type 1 (FHM1), only mutations S218L, R583Q and T666M were identified in more than two independent families. Including the four novel families presented here, of which two represent de novo cases, the R1347Q mutation has now been identified in six families. A genotype-phenotype comparison of R1347Q mutation carriers revealed a wide clinical spectrum ranging from (trauma triggered) hemiplegic migraine with and without ataxia, loss of consciousness and epilepsy. R1347Q is the third most frequent mutation in hemiplegic migraine patients and should therefore be screened with priority for confirmation of clinical diagnosis. This study clearly demonstrates that the availability of multiple families better reflects the full clinical spectrum associated with FHM1 mutations.  相似文献   

14.
X-linked congenital stationary night blindness (CSNBX) is a genetically and phenotypically heterogeneous non-progressive disorder, characterised by impaired night vision but grossly normal retinal appearance. Other more variable features include reduction in visual acuity, myopia, nystagmus and strabismus. Genetic mapping studies by other groups, and our own studies of British patients, identified key recombination events indicating the presence of at least 2 disease genes on Xp11. Two causative genes (CACNA1F and NYX) for CSNBX have now been identified through positional cloning strategies. In this report, we present the results of comprehensive mutation screening in 14 CSNBX families, three with mutations in the CACNA1F gene and 10 with mutations in the NYX gene. In one family we failed to identify the mutation after testing RP2, RPGR, NYX and CACNA1F. NYX gene mutations are a more frequent cause of CSNBX, although there is evidence for founder mutations. Our report of patient population mutation screening for both CSNBX genes, and our exclusion of RP2 and RGPR, indicates that mutations in CACNA1F and NYX are likely to account for all CSNBX.  相似文献   

15.
目的 对3例眼皮肤白化病(oculocutaneous albinism,OCA)患儿进行分型诊断,并在此基础上开展OCA4产前基因诊断研究,为临床OCA遗传咨询和产前诊断提供指导.方法 应用聚合酶链反应及DNA序列测定技术,确定先证者及其父母的基因型后,取绒毛或羊水进行产前基因诊断.结果 3例患儿均为OCA4.家系1患儿母亲后来两次怀孕,第1次诊断为患儿,已选择流产,再次怀孕时诊断为父源G349R致病基因携带者.家系2产前诊断结果显示胎儿既未获得父源突变,也未获得母源突变.家系3产前诊断结果显示胎儿仅获得父源G349R突变.结论 检出MATP基因3种已报道的OCA4致病性突变G349R、D160H和P419L,发现1种致病性新突变c,870delC.
Abstract:
Objective To provide guidance for clinical genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis of oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) in China. Methods PCR and automatic DNA sequencing were applied to obtain the genotypes of the patients and their parents in three Chinese albinism families. Prenatal gene diagnoses were performed at early pregnancy by chorionic villus sampling (CVS) or by amniocentesis at midpregnancy. Results The three patients were all OCA4, whose genotypes were G349R/c. 870delC, G349R/P419L, G349R/D160H, respectively. The three couples had been diagnosed as carriers. In family 1, the first fetus was diagnosed as affected. Termination of pregnancy was opted following genetic counseling. The second fetus (monozygotic twin) was heterozygous only with the paternal G349R mutation. The fetus in family 2 did not get either one of the two mutations. The fetus in family 3 was heterozygous only with the paternal G349R mutation. Conclusion This study detected three reported pathogenic mutations of the membrane associated transporter protein gene (MATP), including G349R, D160H and P419L, and identified a novel pathogenic mutation c. 870delC. The prenatal gene diagnosis of OCA4 will be important to prevent the birth of affected child.  相似文献   

16.
Germline mutations in BRCA1 gene account for varying proportions of breast/ovarian cancer families, and demonstrate considerable variation in mutational spectra coincident with ethnic and geographical diversity. We have screened for mutations the entire coding sequence of BRCA1 in 30 breast/ovarian cancer women with family history of two or more cases of breast cancer under age 50 and/or ovarian cancer at any age. Genomic DNA from patient was initially analyzed for truncating mutations in exon 11 with PTT followed by DNA sequencing. In the cases where no frameshift mutation was observed in exon 11, all other exons were screened with direct sequencing. Two novel (3099delT, 3277insG) and three already described (3741insA, 1623del5-TTAAA, 5382insC-twice) truncating mutations were identified. In addition, 6 point mutations (L771L, P871L, E1038G, K1183R, S1436S, S1613G) which are already classified as polymorphisms were identified. Three unclassified intronic variants (IVS16-68 G>A, IVS16-92 G>A, IVS18+65G>A) were also detected. These results show that BRCA1 deleterious mutations are present in a fraction (20%) of Greek breast/ovarian cancer families similar to other European countries. Mutations were detected in high- (>/=3 members) as well as in moderate-risk (2 members) families. This is the first report of BRCA1 mutation analysis in Greece.  相似文献   

17.
目的分析一个遗传性非综合征型耳聋家系的突变,并探讨缝隙连接蛋白beta2(gap junction protein beta 2,GJB2)基因235delC突变是否会加重线粒体A1555G突变导致的非综合征型耳聋症状。方法对一个母系遗传性非综合征型耳聋核心家系72个成员取外周血提取DNA,经聚合酶链反应扩增后,利用Alw26Ⅰ限制性内切酶酶切及直接测序验证,对其线粒体DNA突变进行研究;利用ApaⅠ限制性内切酶酶切及直接测序验证,筛查核心家系中GJB2基因235delC突变情况,并对GJB2基因235delC和线粒体A1555G突变的关系进行研究。结果在27名母系成员中均发现具有线粒体A1555G突变,呈母系遗传;具有耳聋表型的为21人(77.8%),家族外显率高;所筛查的包括配偶在内的72名个体中,仅3例具有GJB2基因235delC杂合子突变,且均出现在母系成员中,但3例的耳聋表型却不同。结论线粒体A1555G突变是本家系耳聋遗传易感性的基础,在该家系中GJB2基因的235delC杂合子突变未加重线粒体A1555G突变导致的非综合征型耳聋。  相似文献   

18.
To investigate the mitochondrial mutations in patients suffering from both mitochondrial encephalomyopathy with lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes (MELAS) and maternally inherited diabetes. MELAS was confirmed by muscle biopsy performed from the biceps muscle of the proband. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) was isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The significant mtDNA loci of other 14 family members were further detected according to the sequencing results of the proband. Direct sequencing of PCR products was used to identify the mitochondrial mutations. The proband (III 1) and her brother (III 3) both harbored the tRNALeu (UUR) A3243G mutation, with heteroplasmic levels of 50% and 33% respectively. Moreover, another two mitochondrial variants, A8860G and A15326G, were also detected in the samples of all the family members. MELAS and diabetes can coexist in one patient, and the main cause for these diseases is the tRNALeu (UUR) A3243G mutation. However, other gene variants may contribute to its pathogenesis. This case also supports the concept that both syndromes can be regarded as two phenotypes of the same disease.  相似文献   

19.
Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis (hypoPP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterised by episodic attacks of paralysis of varying severity. Recently, linkage was found to markers in 1q31–32 and to the gene encoding the muscle DHP-sensitive calcium channel α 1-subunit (CACNL1A3). Subsequently, three mutations in this gene were identified in patients with hypoPP: Arg528His, Arg1239His and Arg1239Gly. In this study, two different mutations were found in the CACNL1A3 gene in 13 Scandinavian families, 10 of whom have the Arg528His mutation while 3 families have the Arg1239His. Furthermore, there is evidence of a founder effect in 8 of the 9 Danish hypoPP families investigated, consisting of haplotypes of microsatellite markers close to and within the CACNL1A3 gene and of the geographic origin of the families. For the first time, reduced penetrance in males with the Arg528His mutation was found in several cases. Am. J. Med. Genet. 69:102–106, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

20.
Subcortical band heterotopia (SBH) are bilateral and symmetric ribbons of gray matter found in the central white matter between the cortex and the ventricular surface, which comprises the less severe end of the lissencephaly (agyria-pachygyria-band) spectrum of malformations. Mutations in DCX (also known as XLIS ) have previously been described in females with SBH. We have now identified mutations in either the DCX or LIS1 gene in three of 11 boys studied, demonstrating for the first time that mutations of either DCX or LIS1 can cause SBH or mixed pachygyria-SBH (PCH-SBH) in males. All three changes detected are missense mutations, predicted to be of germline origin. They include a missense mutation in exon 4 of DCX in a boy with PCH-SBH (R78H), a different missense mutation in exon 4 of DCX in a boy with mild SBH and in his mildly affected mother (R89G) and a missense mutation in exon 6 of LIS1 in a boy with SBH (S169P). The missense mutations probably account for the less severe brain malformations, although other patients with missense mutations in the same exons have had diffuse lissencephaly. Therefore, it appears likely that the effect of the specific amino acid change on the protein determines the severity of the phenotype, with some mutations enabling residual protein function and allowing normal migration in a larger proportion of neurons. However, we expect that somatic mosaic mutations of both LIS1 and DCX will also prove to be an important mechanism in causing SBH in males.  相似文献   

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