从术后局部复发形式探讨直肠癌保肛手术的适应证

分析我科收治的１２９例局部复发直肠癌复发形式的特征，指出第一次行Ｄｉｘｏｎ手术者以吻合口及其周围组织的复发最多，第一次行拉出术者以拉出肠管及其周围组织复发最多。并结合直肠癌壁内逆向浸润及淋巴转移规律的研究结果。分析了复发的原因，进而提出保肛手术的原则及适应证：保肛手术必须在充分清除淋巴结，清除足够的侧方组织及切除足够的远端正常肠管的基础上根据肿瘤的部位选择不同的保肛手术，即肿瘤下缘距肛缘８ｃｍ者行Ｄｉｘｏｎ手术，７ｃｍ者行Ｔｕｒｂｕｌｌ－Ｃｕｔａｉｔ手术，６ｃｍ者行Ｂｌａｃｋ或Ｂａｂｃｏｃｋ手术，５ｃｍ者行Ｂａｃｏｎ或Ｗａｕｇｈ手术，且指出保肛手术宜选择病期较早者进行。     

从直肠癌保肛手术局部复发的形式探讨TME 与扩大根治术的互补性

目的：从直肠癌保肛手术局部复发形式探讨TME和扩大根治术的差异和互补性。方法：分析1975年10月-2001年5月收治的术后局部复发的81例的复发形式、发生原因及治疗情况。结果：81例中，吻合口及其周围组织复发49例．局部淋巴结转移17例，多部位复发15例。改行腹会阴联合切除58例，其中合并周围脏器的全盆或后盆腔脏器切除6例：行Harimann术4例；单纯双腔造瘘12例；探查7例，手术切除率76．5％（62／81），其中32例达到临床根治．根治率39．5％（32／81）。根治切除的5年生存率是34．4％（11／32）。结论：直肠癌手术时，为防止术后局部复发，根据病情兼顾扩大根治术和TME原则．合理实施手术是关键。     

直肠癌保肛手术局部复发因素分析

本文通过对我院直肠癌保肛术后局部复发４０例的分析，指出直肠癌保肛术后复发多为吻合口，其次为淋巴结和肠旁组织。局部复发与癌肿本身的生物学特征，病理类型，病期和肿瘤占肠腔周径大小有密切关系，与手术清除范围明显相关。     

直肠癌保肛手术局部复发因素分析

本文就我院保肛手术349例,术后局部复发52例有关因素进行分析,以便指导临床外科治疗,提高生存率。1　临床资料1980年～1998年我院共行保肛手术349例,术后局部复发52例,复发率为149%。其中Ｄｉｘｏｎ术40例,占77%,各种拉出术12例,占23%。男性42例,女性10例,男女比为4∶1;年龄24～70岁,平均47岁。复发时间3～48月,其中两年内复发者占96%(50∶52)。复发与临床诸因素关系。ＤｕｋｅｓＣ期占635%,ＤｕｋｅｓＢ期占327%。癌肿周径多数>肠腔12周径,达到923%(48∶52),复发部位吻合口占75%,其次为淋巴结和肠旁组织。首次手术时原发灶部位在腹膜返折以…     

直肠癌低位保肛术后局部复发的临床分析

目的探讨直肠癌低位保肛术后局部复发的原因及治疗。方法回顾性分析17例直肠癌低位保肛术后局部复发的临床病理资料。结果直肠癌低位保肛局部复发病例17例,以吻合口及周围组织复发为主,复发原因有未能保证全系膜切除、肠管切除不足、侧方淋巴结清扫不足等。复发病例中再行Miles术6例,术后1年生存率为75．0％（4例）,3年生存率为33．3％（2例）。结论对低位保肛患者术前肿瘤病理类型、临床分期的判断,是减少局部复发的关键。     

直肠癌保肛手术探讨

直肠癌手术,最理想的术式是既能达到根治目的,又能保留肛门功能。在什么情况下,施行保肛手术,这是直肠癌手术一直重视的问题。直肠癌保肛术后局部复发率各家报告不一,一般在8％－30％左右。近几十年来由于吻合器的改进和推广应用,以及生存质量的提高,直肠癌保肛手术显著增加,相对扩大了保肛手术适应证。目前对保肛适应证和原则没有统一规则,故保肛手术也比较混乱。本文就直肠癌保肛手术有关问题进行探讨。1临床资料我院自1980年～1998年共保肛手术350例,术后局部复发35例,复发率10％。其中Dixon’术刀例,占77％,各种技出术8例…     

直肠癌保肛手术吻合口复发的处理

目的探讨直肠癌保肛手术后吻合口复发的原因及治疗。方法对１８例直肠经腹低位切除术（Ｄｉｘｏｎ′ｓ术）后吻合口复发者作回顾性研究,分析了直肠癌保肛手术后吻合口复发的时间、治疗情况和疗效。结果本组１６例（８８９％）于术后２年内复发。１２例再次行根治性手术,术后无瘤生存２年５例,５年以上２例,带瘤生存２年２例。结论保肛手术应慎重,术后吻合口复发仍以外科手术为首选治疗方法。     

直肠癌保肛系列问题探讨

直肠癌是常见的消化道恶性肿瘤之一。近年来其发病有增高趋势,我国直肠癌的特点之一是中低位直肠癌多见,约占全部直肠癌的70%[1]。随着现代肿瘤外科的进展和综合性治疗进步,直肠癌根治术要求一方面对肿瘤进行彻底切除,另一方面尽量保留肛门,提高病人的生活质量。因此直肠癌保肛     

直肠系膜全切除在直肠根治术中的地位

Objective To evaluate the effect of total mesorectal excision (TME) on local recurrence rate and 5-year survival rate following radical resection for rectal cancer. Methods From Jan. 1991 to Dec. 1998, 746 cases of rectal cancer treated with radical resection were divided randomly into group B (341 cases) undergoing traditional procedures and group A (405 cases) undergoing TME. There was no significant difference in tumor location, morphological appearance, histological patterns, grade of differentiation and staging clssification between two groups. SSR was carried out in 65.25% cases of group A and 54.25% cases in group B (P<0.05). Results Operative death occurred in 9 cases with an operative mortality rate being 0.97%, 5 cases in group A and 4 cases in group B. Anastomotic leakage occurred in 19 cases with an occurrence rate being 4.21%, 8 in group A (3.95%) and 11 cases in group B (5.95%). The follow-up rate in this series was 91% with the follow-up duration from 2 to 9 years, mean 48.3 months. Local recurrence occurred in 47 cases with an overall recurrence rate being 6.30%, 16 cases in group A (3.95%) and 31 in group B (9.09%),P<0.01. The overall 5-year survival rate was 72.46%±3.84% (life table method), 78.58%±3.28% in group A and 67.86%±3.02% in group B, respectively,P<0.05. Conclusion Radical resection with TME can effectively reduce the local recurrence tate and significantly improve 5-year survival rate as compared with traditional procedures.     

Surgical outcomes after total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study reviewed the results of surgery for distal rectal cancer following the introduction of total mesorectal excision (TME) for rectal cancer. METHODS: Two hundred sixty-four patients who had undergone elective curative surgical resection of rectal cancer within 12 cm of the anal verge were included. Comparisons were made between patients who had different surgical procedures. RESULTS: The overall operative mortality rate was nil, and the morbidity 39.4%. With a mean follow-up of 34 months (range 5-105 months), local recurrence occurred in 21 of the patients. The 3- and 5-year actuarial local recurrence rates were 9% and 12%, respectively for the whole group. Abdominoperineal resection (APR) was necessary in 65 of 264 (24.6%) of the patients, with a very low local recurrence rate in this subgroup (5% at 3 years). On multivariate analysis, only stage was a significant prognosticator of overall survival (P = 0.012). CONCLUSIONS: With the practice of TME, APR was still necessary in 25% of patients with rectal cancer within 12 cm of the anal verge. Type of surgery and tumor distance from the anal verge influenced local recurrence rates, but only initial tumor stage was associated with long-term survival.     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术24例临床分析

目的：探讨直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除术（TME）的临床疗效。方法：对24例直肠癌患者按照TME原则行根治性切除术的临床资料进行分析。结果：24例均获得根治性切除。其中19例行吻合器吻合。术后发生吻合口瘘1例,二次手术行结肠造瘘术。术后根据病情行辅助化疗及放疗。本组病例全部获得随访,时间3-31个月,均无肿瘤局部复发和远处转移。结论：TME是预防直肠癌术后局部复发,提高生活质量的有效措施。直肠癌根治性手术中采用TME手术方法是完全有必要的。     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术20例临床分析

目的 探讨直肠癌患者行全直肠系膜切除术(TME)的临床疗效。方法 对采用TME方法行根治性切除术的20例直肠癌患者临床资料进行分析。结果 加例均获根治性切除。其中14例行Dixon手术吻合器吻合，6例行Miles手术。术后发生吻合口瘘1例，行结肠造瘘术，1例Dixon手术后一年复发，行Miles手术根治，未再复发，术后根据病情开展辅助化疗及放疗，其余近期随访无局部复发病例。结论TME是预防直肠癌术后局部复发，提高生活质量的有效措施。直肠癌根治性手术中采用TME手术方法是完全必要的。     

Outcomes of resection of stage IV rectal cancer with mesorectal excision

BACKGROUND: There is no consensus as to the management of the primary rectal cancer in the presence of distant metastasis and data on the outcomes of radical resection in stage IV rectal cancer are limited. This study aims to evaluate the results of resection of rectal cancer in the patients with stage IV disease and to analyze the factors that might affect the survival of these patients. METHODS: Of the 744 patients with radical resection of primary rectal and rectosigmoid cancer during the study period from August 1993 to July 2002, 70 had stage IV disease on the initial presentation. The demographics, the operative details, the tumor characteristics, the postoperative outcomes and survival of the patients were collected prospectively. Factors influencing the survival were analyzed with univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS: Fifty-three men and 17 women with a median age of 66 years (range: 31-90 years) were included. The median level of the tumor from the anal verge was 10 cm (range 3-20 cm). The operations included abdominoperineal resection (n = 5), anterior resection (n = 53), and Hartmanns operation (n = 11). The operation mortality was 4.3%. The overall morbidity was 42.7% while the surgical morbidity and the reoperation rates were 15.7% and 5%, respectively. The local recurrence rate was 4.3% and the 2-year actuarial rate was 7.8%. All the patients who had local recurrences also had disseminated peritoneal metastasis. The median cancer-specific survival of the patients who survived the surgery was 15.2 months. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of gross residual local disease, lymph node metastasis, liver involvement of over 50%, the absence of surgical management of liver metastasis and those without chemotherapy were independent factors associated with poor survival. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative mortality and morbidity were acceptable in patients with stage IV rectal cancer. The local disease can be controlled effectively with radical resection. However, in patients with extensive liver involvement and advanced local disease, resection is not worthwhile because of the poor survival. Surgical management of the metastasis and the administration of chemotherapy are associated with better survival. However, the optional treatment regimes are yet to be defined.     

全直肠系膜切除术后直肠癌患者的预后分析

背景与目的：全直肠系膜切除术（total mesorectal excision,TME）能够显著降低直肠癌的局部复发率,改善患者预后。本研究回顾性分析1056例行根治性TME术的直肠癌病例的临床病理特征及其与预后的关系。方法：收集1990—2003年接受根治性TME术的1056例直肠癌的病例资料,建立数据库。用单因素分析和多因素分析的方法研究20项临床病理指标对接受根治性TME术的直肠癌患者预后的影响。结果：本组总体的3年、5年及10年生存率分别为84．9％（95％CI,83．8％～86．0％）、73．8％（95％CI,72．4％～75．2％）及65．1％（95％CI,63．4％～66．8％）。单因素分析显示,术前血清CEA水平和CA19．9水平、术前合并肠梗阻或穿孔、肿瘤大体类型、肿瘤组织类型、病理分级、肠壁浸润深度、淋巴结转移情况以及初治时间是直肠癌患者TME术后预后的影响因子。Cox比例危险回归模型多因素分析显示,淋巴结转移情况、组织类型、手术方式以及浸润深度是预后的独立影响因素。结论：淋巴结转移情况、组织类型、手术方式以及肠壁浸润深度可作为判断直肠癌患者预后的参考指标。     

根治性全盆脏器切除术治疗局部晚期／复发性直肠癌的临床研究

目的：探讨根治性全盆脏器切除术治疗局部晚期／复发性直肠癌的效果。方法：对44例局部晚期／复发性直肠癌的临床、病理资料进行回顾性分析。结果：根治性全盆腔脏器切除术30例、姑息性切除术14例。结肠造瘘术39例,回肠代膀胱术21例,输尿管腹壁造瘘术23例。盆底腔隙采用膀胱脏层腹膜修复39例、双侧腹膜修复3例、带蒂大网膜填充1例、回肠末段填充1例。围手术期死亡率23％,总体并发症发生率50.0％。根治性和姑息性全盆脏器切除术后5年生存率分别为53.3％和0％。结论：根治性全盆腔器官切除术是提高局部晚期／复发性直肠癌病灶整块切除率、降低局部复发率、延长生存期的理想术式。