亚急性汞中毒一例

患者男 ,6 0岁 ,某厂退休工人。患红皮病型银屑病多年 ,久治不愈而就诊于个体诊所。用含汞中药 (偏方 )配制成香烟型点燃经口吸入 ,每日燃吸 1支 ,共 15ｄ。此时患者出现头晕、恶心、食欲下降、口腔溃疡、牙龈出血并有发热(Ｔ 38℃ ) ,误认为感冒未引起注意。停药 1周后又连续用药 2 0ｄ。患者相继出现咽部疼痛、口腔粘膜及牙龈糜烂、胸闷、咳嗽、颜面及双下肢水肿。来院检查 ,尿汞 3.39μｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,疑似汞中毒收住院。查体 :Ｔ 38.5℃ ,Ｐ 78次 /ｍｉｎ ,Ｒ 2 0次 /ｍｉｎ ,ＢＰ 2 0 / 12ｋＰａ(1ｋＰａ =7.5ｍｍＨｇ)。患者表情淡漠 ,周…     

亚急性汞中毒的护理

报告了亚急性汞中毒护理中 ,心理护理、驱汞护理及对症护理的必要性。提示私用中药偏方的危害 ,护理配合治疗的重要性。     

亚急性汞中毒性脑病

翻史摘要辅助检查:血、尿常规正常,尿比重1.020,尿 (上海市劳动卫生职业病防治研究所提供)刀:一徽球蛋白16.,刀mol/L(190拼g/ml),尿汞1 .340 褚某,女,26岁,未婚,上海玻瑞瓶七厂工人,“mol/L(0 .268m留L),血汞。.455“mof/L(9 .1“g住院号5428。/ml)。肝、肾功能及心电图均无异常。脑电图两次阴 患者因右侧面部肌肉不自主抽动,舌麻木、伸舌性。脑脊液检查正常,未检出汞。眼底检查无阳性发较困难、言语不清、阵发性抽描伴意识障碍80天,于现。1989年3月4日入我所。’治疗经过:入院后行驱汞治疗,采用二琉基丙磺 1987年7月患者因全身性银屑病在…     

亚急性汞中毒10例临床分析

报道10例亚急性汞中毒临床表现及治疗转归,分析亚急性中毒的临床特点。 更多还原     

不同途径汞中毒对机体影响的分析研究

目的 研究不同接触途径所致汞中毒的临床特点。 方法 将33例患者按汞进入体内途径的不同分为3组,即呼吸道吸入中毒组、消化道摄入中毒组和皮肤吸收中毒组,分析其临床特点。 结果 3种不同接触途径所致汞中毒的临床表现各有特点,呼吸道吸入中毒组呼吸系统症状较突出,试排尿汞升高明显。皮肤吸收中毒组以亚急性中毒为主,无明显症状,多为肾病等,发病后检查发现尿汞升高;消化道摄入中毒者为急性起病,可伴有胃肠道症状,治疗后尿汞值最低。治疗前呼吸道吸入中毒组的平均尿汞值分别为消化道摄入中毒组、皮肤吸收中毒组的18.5倍和9.2倍;呼吸道吸入中毒组的试排平均尿汞水平高达5 838.2 μg/gCr。呼吸道吸入中毒组患者平均治疗3.91个疗程,其中58.3%患者超过5个疗程;消化道摄入中毒组患者平均治疗仅1.56个疗程,其中55.56%病例仅需治疗一个疗程;皮肤吸收中毒组患者平均治疗2.25个疗程,其中50%的患者超过5个疗程。3组患者治疗所用疗程比较,差异有统计学意义(F=8.98,P<0.05)。 结论 3种不同接触途径所致汞中毒临床表现不一,应强化汞中毒诊疗规范,以达到早期有效治疗,减少后遗症,降低死亡率。     

外用药引起亚急性汞中毒1例的尿汞分析

“银屑病”是一种顽固性皮肤病,到目前为止,尚未见报道有特效的治疗药物。一些非法行医者声称“祖传秘方”自行配制的“特效外用药”,往往含大量重金属元素,如:汞、砷、铅等。2005年5月23日,一患者(男,70岁)因患“银屑病”涂抹了游医的“特效外用药膏”,约数周后出现头晕、头痛、失眠、手颤、站立不稳、记忆力减退、精神差等症状,来我所就医。疑似汞中毒而进行了尿汞含量检测,尿汞含量的测定在此类中毒性疾病的确诊和治疗中是无可代替、必不可少的一项指标。1材料与方法1.1仪器F732-V智能型测汞仪;尿比重计。1.2试剂去离子水;高锰酸钾溶液,…     

急性汞中毒的急救措施

汞，俗称水银，是一种银白色的液体，在常温下易蒸发。短时间内吸入大量汞蒸气或误服汞盐可发生急性中毒。汞进入人体后，可与酶蛋白的琉基结合，抑制多种酶的活力，阻碍细胞的正常代谢，损害中枢神经系统及肝、肾功能，产生一系列中毒症状。     

农民炼汞所致大气汞污染和汞中毒

The article reports the results of the investigation on atmospheric pollution and mercury poisoning caused by the peasants mercury smelting. Mercury-smelting is a sideline occupation of the peasants in the mining area. They carried out the production in their homes, which were not protected. The equipment used was simple and the technological level low. Much was done during the slack seasons in farming. Before mercury-smelting was carried out the mercury concentration of air inside the house of the key household was 0.099 2 mg/m3, and outside 0.060 9 mg/m3. During mercury-smelting, near the stove, inside the house of the key household and the next door neighbour the concentrations were high, reaching 0.6463, 0.3160, 0.1717 mg/m3 respectively. At 10m, 30m, 100m, from the stove the figures were 0.0628, 0.0377 and 0.0079 mg/m3 respectively. 126 persons in 36 key households and their neighbours were given physical examinations and the incidence of chronic mercury poisoning of the operators, family members and their neighbours' family members were 75.00%, 13.79%, 3.57%, the mercury absorptivity were 12.50%, 34.48% and 21.43%, while the concentrations of mercury in the urine were 59.18, 18.21, 9.62 micrograms/L respectively. The mercury absorptivity of children under 15 was high 45.45%. The youngest age that absorbed mercury was 3. The characteristics of the harm that the peasants mercury smelting caused were discussed and suggestions proposed for their remedy.     

一起亚急性汞中毒调查

事故经过 :2 0 0 0年 4月 7日 ,某市某镇中学一物理老师在课堂做大气压力实验时 ,装有汞的玻璃管意外断裂 ,同时碰翻Ｕ型汞槽 ,使汞撒落于桌面及地面 ,老师赤手将桌面上的汞收集到容器中 ,其间少数学生捡起汞珠玩耍 ,老师未加制止。事后未对该教室作任何处理继续使用。 4月 19日 ,2名女生因发热、皮肤瘙痒、皮疹、食欲不振、嗜睡 ,由某市医院怀疑汞中毒转入我院。调查处理结果 :撒落的汞约 40 0ｇ。 4月 9日物理老师开始腹泻 ,继之发热并出现皮疹 (以前胸部为多 ) ,4月 10日起部分学生陆续出现中毒症状 ,仅 4月 14日就有 8名学生因此而未到…     

Protection by spironolactone and different antidotes against acute organic mercury poisoning of rats

Summary Investigations carried out at our laboratory have shown that BAL (dimercaptopropanol) can be used, with some restrictions, in the treatment of organic mercury poisoning. Depending on the radical of the poison, the antidote has a variable effect although it has no therapeutic use at all in acute intoxication with methoxy-ethyl-mercury-chloride (MEMC). Similarly, neither d-penicillamine, nor sodium-formaldehyde-sulfoxylate proved to be effective antidotes, but treatment with estrogenic hormone could protect the renal failure induced by MEMC. The life-saving effect of spironolactone (the hormonally inactive steroid) was estimated against acute poisoning induced by six different organic mercury compounds on rats. Spironolactone proved to be effective in the case of MEMC when administered prior to poisoning.     

亚急性汞中毒的肝肾功能损害

对7例亚急性汞中毒致肝、肾功能损害患者的临床资料进行分析,并对中毒机理和治疗方法进行探讨。     

高压氧治疗急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病效果观察

目的分析高压氧治疗急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病临床疗效。方法回顾性分析临床病例治疗效果。结果通过15d的高压氧治疗,患者从神经精神障碍、半瘫痪状态恢复至基本正常,生活能够自理。结论高压氧治疗急性一氧化碳中毒迟发脑病临床疗效显著。     

Elemental mercury poisoning in occupational and residential settings

In its elemental form, mercury is the only metal that is in a liquid state at room temperature. It readily volatilizes at standard temperature and pressure, and its presence in open containers can result in biologically significant air concentrations in unventilated or poorly ventilated spaces. In recent years, elemental mercury has proven to be a potential source of toxicosis through either unintentional exposure or exposure resulting from inappropriate handling of liquid mercury acquired from school science laboratories or abandoned industrial facilities or warehouses. The shiny, silvery appearance of mercury in its liquid form makes it particularly enticing to children, and its insolubility in water and tendency to form beads when disturbed add to its mystique. This paper presents two case studies in which excessive exposure to elemental mercury vapor has resulted in adverse health effects in the exposed individuals: one in the workplace and one in a residential setting. These case studies serve to emphasize that primary care physicians, public health officials, and science educators need to recognize the potential risk posed by inhalation exposure to mercury vapors, and health practitioners need to be able to recognize the health signs and symptoms of such exposure. Public health professionals and those in charge of public and private education facilities should also be keenly aware of the necessity of prompt mitigation of human exposure should a spill or other mercury exposure scenario occur.     

慢性汞中毒对凝血及纤溶系统的影响

目的探究慢性汞中毒对凝血、纤溶系统的影响及其可能的机制。方法采用病例对照及自身病例对照研究方法,采用酶联免疫吸附双抗体夹心法测定血栓调节蛋白(TM)、组织纤溶酶原激活物(t-PA)、组织纤溶酶原激活物抑制物(PAI)含量,并检测白细胞介素(IL)-13、IL-18、血管内皮细胞黏附因子(SICAM-1),采用酶化学法检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活力和脂质过氧化产物(LPO)含量。结果慢性汞中毒患者治疗前TM[(2.36±0.16)ng/ml]较空白对照组[(4.36±0.24)ng/ml]明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),经过治疗后,TM明显增高[(4.82±0.34)ng/ml],与治疗前的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);慢性汞中毒患者t-PA[(3.44±0.34)ng/ml]较空白对照组[(4.52±0.16)ng/ml]明显降低,经过治疗后明显升高[(5.63±0.58)ng/ml],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而PAI则较空白对照组明显升高,分别为(48.23±3.59)、(31.59±2.13)ng/ml,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),治疗后与治疗前的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。慢性汞中毒患者SOD活力[(953.85±9.56)U/g Hb]较空白对照组[(1308.75±10.21)U/g Hb]明显降低,经过治疗后活力[(1217.95±6.29)U/g Hb]明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01)。同时表现为LPO明显增加。慢性汞中毒患者IL-13、IL-18、SICAM-1较空白对照组明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05、P<0.01),而治疗后与治疗前的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论慢性汞中毒可能导致患者TM/PC系统、t-PA/PAI系统失衡(抗凝血功能下降,纤溶系统功能抑制)而使机体处于继发性高凝血状态。     

Urinary mercury excretion and body weight on workers exposed to mercury vapour

Summary From the 5-year record of health checks including urinary mercury levels and body weights on 33 workers exposed to mercury vapour in a tungsten rod manufacturing factory, the relationships between the level of urinary mercury and the body weight, and between the change of urinary mercury levels and that of body weights, were analysed. Except for the workers with the short period of exposure, on whom no significant correlation was found, correlations between the changes; urinary mercury and body weight, were much stronger than those between the levels. In contrast to the significant negative correlations in the mentioned relationships on the workers with the long period of continuous exposure at atmospheric concentrations below 0.2 mg/m³, there was significant positive correlations on the workers with occasional, short-period exposures at much lower concentrations of mercury. The importance of analysis on the change of exposure and its relation to the effect was emphasized, and possible effects of mercury to the regulation of body weight was discussed.     

亚急性铅中毒致溶血性贫血一例

铅中毒多表现为神经、消化、血液系统损害,如神经衰弱、腹痛、腹胀、黄疸、小细胞低色素性贫血等。首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院收治1例因服用偏方导致亚急性铅中毒致重度溶血性贫血的患者,患者主要表现为腹绞痛、便秘、溶血性贫血,给予驱铅治疗后病情缓解。     

急性有机磷农药中毒心肌损害的临床研究

[目的]研究急性有机磷药中毒对心肌的损害并确定其诊断条件.[方法]采用临床资料进行研究.[结果]观察中重度有机磷农药中毒2 279例,其并发心肌损害者198例,占8.7%.临床治愈短则13天,长则32天,平均18.60±8.2天.治愈率为98.99%,死亡2例.[结论]研究认为农药中毒心肌损害的诊断必须有以下3个基本条件其一,农药中毒的证据.其二,心脏损害的临床症状和体征.其三,心肌酶学的改变.在治疗方面及时应用心脏保护剂或/和应用心脏营养剂对其康复极为有利.早期应用激素可预防和治疗心肌损害.     

亚急性汞中毒致肝肾功能损害的观察及护理

报道7例亚急性汞中毒致肝肾功能损害的临床表现、治疗及转归,并对其观察和护理进行了分析探讨。     

一起急性汞中毒事故的调查

1　中毒事故经过某建筑维修队于 2 0 0 1年 6月开始对一古寺内大金瓦殿殿顶进行镏金。 8月 2 8日有几名作业人员出现头晕、恶心、呕吐、食欲不振、睡眠障碍、情绪易激动、流涎等症状。其中 3名到省人民医院就诊 ,后转至我所诊治 ,并作尿汞检查。当天即对该建筑队作业环境进行了职业卫生学调查 ,同时对其余汞作业工人作尿汞和相关医学检查。由青海省中毒诊断小组根据临床资料和作业现场情况作出诊断。2　作业环境卫生学调查寺内大金瓦殿殿顶镏金的主要工艺 :金块机械砸成金片→球磨机内加入比例为 1∶4的金和汞 ,揉至 90 %汞齐→手工磨石臼内…