护理干预对社区围绝经期妇女身心健康效果的调查研究

目的：探讨整体护理干预对改善社区围绝经期妇女身心健康的效果。方法：将216例患者随机分为干预组与对照组各108例。采用SCL-90症状自评量表评定患者的心理状态;采用自行设计的＂社区围绝经期妇女健康知识调查＂了解患者对围绝经期相关知识认知及自我保健掌握情况;采用FS-36健康调查量表评定生存质量。结果：干预组实施整体护理干预后SCL-90各因子均较干预前显著降低（P〈0.01）,对照组除强迫因子外,其他各因子变化不明显,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。干预后12个月两组生存质量比较,干预组生活质量8个纬度显著高于对照组,两组比较差异显著（P〈0.01）。干预后两组围绝经期相关知识、自我保健掌握情况比较入组时两组妇女健康知识掌握情况无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论：护理干预能改善社区围绝经期妇女的身心健康,是提高社区妇女生存质量的重要措施。     

社区综合护理干预对围绝经期妇女心理状态和生活质量的影响

目的探讨社区综合护理干预对围绝经期妇女心理状态和生活质量的影响。方法采用上门访视、电话随访、门诊随访、健康教育讲座、宣传栏、健康知识小册子等多种形式,对60名社区围绝经期妇女实施心理干预、健康教育、饮食运动指导、用药指导等综合干预措施。采用症状自评量表、WHO生存质量测定表、自制围绝经期妇女临床症状调查表评估干预效果。结果实施社区综合护理干预后6个月,社区围绝经期妇女心理状态改善,主要临床症状减轻,生活质量提高,与干预前比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论社区综合护理干预明显改善社区围绝经期妇女的心理状态,生活质量明显提高。     

护理干预对社区围绝经期妇女身心健康效果的调查研究

目的:探讨整体护理干预对改善社区围绝经期妇女身心健康的效果.方法:将216例患者随机分为干预组与对照组各108例.采用SCL-90症状自评量表评定患者的心理状态;采用自行设计的"社区围绝经期妇女健康知识调查"了解患者对围绝经期相关知识认知及自我保健掌握情况;采用FS-36健康调查量表评定生存质量.结果:干预组实施整体护理干预后SCL-90各因子均较干预前显著降低(P＜0.01),对照组除强迫因子外,其他各因子变化不明显,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干预后12个月两组生存质量比较,干预组生活质量8个纬度显著高于对照组,两组比较差异显著(P＜0.01).干预后两组围绝经期相关知识、自我保健掌握情况比较入组时两组妇女健康知识掌握情况无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:护理干预能改善社区围绝经期妇女的身心健康,是提高社区妇女生存质量的重要措施.     

整体护理程序对改善社区围绝经期妇女身心健康效果的调查研究

目的 探讨整体护理程序对改善社区围绝经期妇女身心健康的效果.方法 将入选者随机分为干预组与对照组各108例.采用SCL-90症状自评量表评定病人的心理状态;采用自行设计的"社区围绝经期妇女健康知识调查"了解患者对围绝经期相关知识的认知及自我保健的掌握情况;采用SF-36健康调查量表评定生存质量.结果 干预组实施整体护理干预后SCL-90各因子均较干预前显著降低(P＜0.01);对照组除强迫因子外,其他各因子变化不明显,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).干预后12个月2组生存质量比较,干预组生活质量8个维度显著高于对照组,2组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01).干预后2组围绝经期相关知识、自我保健掌握情况比较,入组时2组妇女健康知识掌握情况无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 整体护理干预能改善社区围绝经期妇女的身心健康,是提高社区妇女生存质量的重要措施.     

318例妇科门诊围绝经期妇女健康教育的需求调查

目的了解围绝经期妇女对健康教育内容及方式的需求。方法采用自行设计的调查问卷对318例门诊围绝经期妇女进行面对面的调查咨询。结果318例门诊围绝经期妇女对健康教育内容的选择分别为：围绝经期保健知识（93．4％）、心理调节指导（56．6％）、饮食指导（52．2％）、骨质疏松预防（33．0％）、激素替代疗法（23．6％）、性生活指导（21．4％）、体育锻炼指导（19．8％）。健康教育方式的选择分别为：专题讲座（63．8％）、宣传资料（57．9％）、与医护人员交谈（50．0％）、电话咨询（21．1％）、其他方式（7．2％）。结论根据文化程度因人而异按需施教,对提高围绝经期妇女的生活质量有重要意义。     

围绝经期妇女心理障碍分析及综合康复效果

目的 观察围绝经期妇女的心理障碍及综合康复对其影响。方法 对45例存在情感性心理障碍的围绝经期妇女进行激素补充治疗及心理治疗。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对康复治疗前后的心理状态进行分析。结果 存在心理障碍的围绝经期如女，通过激素补充治疗及心理康复，其SCL-90各因子均分普遍降低，其中躯体化、忧郁、焦虑和偏执等因子分下降有显著性差异(P&;lt;O．05)。结论 围绝经期妇女常存在较多的心理问题，应用激素补充治疗及心理康复能有效提高其心理健康水平。     

围绝经期妇女失眠症患者就医行为、个性特征和心理健康状况研究

目的探讨围绝经期妇女失眠症患者的就医行为、个性特征和心理健康状况。方法选择在本院门诊就诊的围绝经期妇女失眠症患者68例为研究组,并选取53例健康围绝经期妇女为对照组。采用自制问卷调查患者的就医情况,艾森克个性问卷(EPQ)了解患者的个性特征,症状自评量表(SCL-90)测评患者的心理健康状况。结果围绝经期妇女失眠症患者存在着相当比例的不当就医行为,失眠后及时就医者16例(23.53%);不得已才就医者52例(76.47%);围绝经期妇女失眠症患者艾森克个性问卷的神经质维度分高于对照组,内外向维度分低于对照组(P0.05);围绝经期妇女失眠症患者SCL-90因子中躯体化、人际关系敏感、抑郁、焦虑、强迫、恐怖因子得分高于对照组(P0.05)。结论围绝经期妇女失眠症患者主动就诊率不高,个性呈内向、神经质个性,心理健康状况较差,应对围绝经期妇女失眠症患者进行科学有效的健康教育和心理咨询,提高患者的疗效和睡眠质量。     

社区围绝经期妇女心理健康的调查分析

目的 调查分析社区围绝经期妇女的心理健康状况，采取针对性的措施，促进其身心健康的发展。方法 采用问卷调查的方式，发放抑郁自评量表和焦虑自评量表对68例社区围绝经期妇女进行调查分析。结果 经量表测评后，社区围绝经期妇女的抑郁、焦虑得分，明显高于国内常模，比较有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论 社区围绝经期妇女心理承受了各方面的压力，社区应积极广泛开展围绝经期相关知识的系统保健教育，做好围绝经期妇女的身心健康指导，以提高社区妇女的生活质量。     

综合护理干预对围绝经期妇女效果研究

目的:探讨护理干预对改善围绝经期妇女健康的效果,以帮助她们顺利度过这一特殊的时期。方法:通过采用电话随访、健康教育讲座、宣传栏、门诊随访及健康知识小册子等形式,对130例围绝经期妇女实施健康教育、饮食运动指导、心理干预及用药指导等综合护理干预。6个月后应用WHO生存质量测定量表、症状自评量表等评估干预效果。结果:6个月后,130例围绝经期妇女主要临床症状改善,心理状态改善,生活质量明显提高,与干预前相比有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对围绝经期妇女实施综合护理干预后,其心理状态明显改善,症状显著减轻,生活质量得到提高。     

围绝经期妇女心理障碍分析及综合康复效果

目的观察围绝经期妇女的心理障碍及综合康复对其影响。方法对45例存在情感性心理障碍的围绝经期妇女进行激素补充治疗及心理治疗。采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)对康复治疗前后的心理状态进行分析。结果存在心理障碍的围绝经期妇女,通过激素补充治疗及心理康复,其SCL-90各因子均分普遍降低,其中躯体化、忧郁、焦虑和偏执等因子分下降有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论围绝经期妇女常存在较多的心理问题,应用激素补充治疗及心理康复能有效提高其心理健康水平。     

护理干预对围绝经期妇女临床症状和心理状态的影响

目的探讨护理干预对围绝经期妇女临床症状和心理状态的影响。方法采用抑郁自评量表、焦虑自评量表和WHO生存质量测定量表对72例围绝经期妇女进行临床症状、心理状态和生命质量的评估,根据评估结果进行针对性的护理干预并对干预结果进行分析。结果护理干预3个月后,围绝经期妇女的主要临床症状减轻,焦虑、抑郁状态改善,生活质量提高,与干预前比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论护理干预明显改善了围绝经期妇女的临床症状和情绪障碍,生活质量明显提高,     

围绝经期妇女健康状况调查及治疗策略

目的 调查郑州市管城区围绝经期妇女健康状况,探讨健康教育对策及保健措施,以提高妇女的健康水平及生活质量.方法 采用统一调查问卷和分层整群随机抽样方法,对郑州市第一人民医院妇科门诊就诊的郑州市管城区632例围绝经期妇女进行问卷调查.结果 围绝经期妇女85.8%有不同程度的围绝经期症状,人工绝经者症状严重;对激素替代治疗及盆底肌肉锻炼知晓率低,62.6%的围绝经期妇女希望获得围绝经期相关知识的教育和保健治疗需求.结论 针对围绝经期妇女实施科学、实效的健康教育及医疗服务,以促进中老年妇女的身心健康,提高其生活质量.     

Health-related quality of life in a multiethnic sample of middle-aged women: Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN)

BACKGROUND: Relatively little is known about the association between menopause and health-related quality of life (HRQL) across ethnic groups. OBJECTIVES: To examine the association between HRQL and early perimenopause and ethnicity, adjusting for health, lifestyle, psychosocial, and sociodemographic factors. RESEARCH DESIGN: Questionnaires were administered to pre- and early perimenopausal women. SUBJECTS: We studied a cohort of 3302 black, Chinese, Hispanic, Japanese, and white women aged 42 to 52 years from the multisite Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). MEASURES: We measured HRQL, menstrual regularity, and a variety of covariates. HRQL was assessed with 5 subscales from the Short Form-36; impaired functioning was defined as being in the 25% most impaired on a subscale. RESULTS: In unadjusted, but not adjusted, analyses, significantly more early perimenopausal women, as compared with premenopausal women, were classified as having impaired functioning on each of the 5 subscales. For 4 of the subscales, the effect of menopausal status was explained by menopause-related symptoms. There were significant ethnic group differences across all 5 subscales in unadjusted analyses. Ethnicity was no longer significant for the Vitality or Role-Emotional subscales when adjusted for health variables or for the Role-Physical subscale when analyses were adjusted for socioeconomic status, health, lifestyle, or social circumstances. Ethnicity remained significant for the Bodily Pain and Social Functioning subscales, even in adjusted analyses. CONCLUSIONS: Early perimenopause is not associated with impaired functioning when adjusted for symptoms. Significant ethnic differences in HRQL exist. Some, but not all, differences can be explained by differences in health, lifestyle, and social circumstances.     

广西壮族自治区325名围绝经期女性焦虑状况调查分析

目的调查广西壮族自治区围绝经期女性焦虑状况,分析发生特点及影响因素。方法2018年7月—11月,通过偶遇抽样法选取325位广西壮族自治区围绝经期女性为研究对象。采用自制的一般情况调查表和汉密顿焦虑量表(HAMA)进行调查,分析相关影响因素。结果被调查的325名女性中,民族为汉族的148(45.54%)例,其他少数民族177(54.46)例。“常做噩梦、睡眠不好”、“容易衰弱和疲乏”和“因为头疼、头颈痛和背痛而苦恼”被认为是更年期焦虑的主要症状,分别占73.85%、65.85%和59.38%。被调查女性HAMA量表得分(12.08±7.64)分。汉族和少数民族女性均认为“子女成长、升学、工作等问题”是造成女性更年期焦虑症状的主要原因。结论应在寻求家庭和社会支持的基础上,为偏远地区少数民族女性提供专业的健康知识的培训和指导,进一步完善围绝经期女性健康保健知识宣传。     

Promoting health among perimenopausal women through diet and exercise

PURPOSE: To review the literature related to health promotion during the perimenopausal years and suggest methods for integrating those changes into the lifestyles of women in primary care. DATA SOURCES: Selected scientific literature and guidelines for exercise programs. CONCLUSIONS: The transition into perimenopause presents an opportunity for addressing health promotion issues, such as diet and exercise. As a woman senses perimenopausal changes, health awareness emerges. Such personal insight motivates the woman to implement lifestyle changes. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Considering the average women will spend approximately one third of her life past menopause, a concerted effort is needed to ensure her well-being. Diet and exercise represent two modifiable areas of concern for perimenopausal women. Dietary selections of phytoestrogens, calcium, fiber and fat along with exercises plans are relatively simple interventions to begin the process of change.     

The prevalence and pattern of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in perimenopausal and menopausal women

PURPOSE: To determine the prevalence and describe the pattern of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms in premenopausal-, perimenopausal-, and menopausal-age women. DATA SOURCES: Three tools were used to collect data: the Menopause Rating Scale, a standardized, self-administered 11-item scale that assesses the presence of menopausal symptoms and their impact on quality of life; the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale, a standardized, self-administered 15-question survey that inquires about both lower and upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms; and the Reflux Disease Questionnaire (RDQ), a self-administered 14-question survey currently being evaluated in the United States as a specific diagnostic tool for GERD that specifically addresses upper GI symptoms of discomfort. Additionally, GERD were correlated with vasomotor, vaginal, genitourinary, and other menopausal symptoms using multiple regression analysis to assess the relationships between GERD and menopausal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately 497 women between the ages of 25 and 60 years completed the surveys. The prevalence of GERD symptoms was high in this sample. Almost 42% of perimenopausal and 47% of menopausal participants complained of upper GI symptoms. Although perimenopausal and menopausal women had higher percentages of GERD diagnosis as compared to premenopausal women, 80% of the perimenopausal and menopausal groups had never been diagnosed with an upper GI disorder. A post hoc analysis of RDQ results demonstrated that patients with menopause had significantly more upper GI discomfort. Overall, this study found that menopausal women were 2.9 times more likely to have GERD symptoms. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: These findings are strongly suggestive of a hormonal link between perimenopausal and menopausal states and increasing GERD symptoms. Women of all ages should be screened for symptoms of GERD, especially in the perimenopausal and menopausal population of women because diagnosis of GERD is often not made or misdiagnosed. The impact on the quality of life of women experiencing GERD symptoms cannot be underestimated.     

上海市南京东路社区妇女围绝经期症状分析

目的：了解黄浦区社区围绝经妇女围绝经期症状的发生情况。方法：采用2个阶段随机抽样方法,选取南京东路社区40~60岁妇女作为调查对象,进行问卷调查。结果：被调查677例妇女中自然绝经者386例,平均绝经年龄为49.36±3.71岁。围绝经期症状发生率70.3%。在13项症状中,出现频率最高前5位症状依次为潮热出汗（53.2%）、骨关节痛（47.6%）、性生活障碍（45.2%）、眩晕（41.5%）、疲乏（41.2%）。围绝经期症状的严重程度随年龄的增长而加重。经多元线性回归分析显示,是否工作、性生活满意度及是否患有慢性病与围绝经期症状有相关性。结论：绝大多数妇女在围绝经期存在围绝经期症状,其发病与雌激素水平降低有关。依托社区,加强健康教育;针对病因进行预防,可降低围绝经期症状的发生率,提高妇女生活质量。     

Perimenopause and the quality of life

The purposes of this study are to describe the frequency and distress of symptoms associated with perimenopause, to examine the changes in the quality of life (QOL) related to perimenopause, and to examine the relationships between symptoms associated with perimenopause and the QOL. A cross-sectional, correlational design was employed. Two hundred fourteen perimenopausal women completed the Women's Health Assessment Scale (WHAS) and the Quality of Life Scale. It was found that vasomotor symptoms were not central to the list of symptoms associated with perimenopause. More women reported psychosomatic complaints as opposed to vasomotor complaints. Compared to the premenopausal period, women during perimenopause experienced slightly, yet significantly decreased, levels of QOL. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated that the psychosomatic symptom category was the sole predictor of the QOL during perimenopause. In summary, psychosomatic symptoms occur most frequently and are most distressful for perimenopausal women in this study. It may be important to manage psychosomatic symptoms to improve the QOL for perimenopausal women.     

放松训练对围绝经期妇女睡眠质量的影响

目的探讨放松训练对围绝经期妇女睡眠质量的影响。方法采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表对124名围绝经期妇女进行调查。按就诊顺序分为干预组和对照组各62名,对照组给予常规睡眠知识宣教,干预组在此基础上进行放松训练。结果围绝经期妇女睡眠质量较差,放松训练后干预组患者在主观睡眠质量、入睡时间、睡眠效率、睡眠障碍、日间功能和PSQI的总分均有显著改善（P〈0.05）。结论放松训练可显著改善围绝经期妇女睡眠质量。