辽宁汉族人群HLA-B等位基因多态性的分布

目的调查辽宁汉族人群HLA-B等位基因的遗传多态性。方法用聚合酶链反应．序列特异性引物方法对辽宁8962名健康无关汉族人进行HLA-B等位基因分型，计算HLA-B等位基因频率并与不同人群HLA-B等位基因的多态性进行比较。结果共检出HLA-B等位基因34种，其中B＊15（14．42％）、B＊40（14．33％）和B＊13（11．99％）基因频率分布较高，B＊82、B＊83等位基因未检出；HLA-B座位特异性49种。该人群与南北方汉族人群、日本人、黑人和白人分别进行X^2检验差异有统计学意义，X^2值分别为1584．799、72．145、1393．339、7406．288和5311．947。结论辽宁汉族人群HLA-B基因多态性分布有其自身特点，它的遗传特征不同于既往的南、北方汉族。     

潮汕人群HLA遗传多态性及与其他汉族人群亲缘关系比较

目的检测中国潮汕汉族人群HLA-A、HLA-B位点基因多态性，验证潮汕人群起源于中原汉族并与闽南人有共同祖先的假设。方法应用序列特异引物-聚合酶链反应（polymerase chain reaction-sequence-specific primer，PCR-SSP）对505名潮汕汉族人进行HLA-A、-B基因分型，计算等位基因和单倍型频率，并与其他9个汉族人群相应位点的分布进行比较，进而计算遗传距离并绘制10个汉族群体相邻连接遗传树。结果共检出12个HLA-A等位基因和30个HLA-B等位基因，其中频率较高的为A＊11（0．3564），A＊02（0．3178），B＊60（0．2168），B＊46（0．1446），B＊58（0．1069）。这些高频率的等位基因在其它9个汉族人群中频率也较高。结论潮汕汉族与闽南汉族亲缘关系最近，与北方汉族亲缘关系则较远。     

HLA-A、B、DRB1等位基因多态性与中国南方鼻咽癌的相关性研究

目的：探讨南方人群中鼻咽癌（NPC）易感性与HLA多态性之间的关联。方法：应用聚合酶链反应／序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）方法对35例NPC患者及60例正常对照进行HLA-A、HLA-B及DRBI基因分型。结果：NPC患者的HLA-A＊02、HLA-B＊58及HLA-DRBI＊03基因位点的频率高于正常对照组，HLA-B＊40基因位点的频率低于正常对照组。结论：HLA-A＊02、HLA—B＊58及HLA—DRB1＊03可能是NPC的易感性基因，HLA-B＊40可能是NPC的保护性基因。     

脐血HLA-A位点PCR-SBT分型的研究

目的建立HLA—A位点等位基因的PCR-SBT高分辨分型方法，探讨DNA测序技术在脐血库样本HLA分型中的应用价值。方法利用PCR产物直接测序，对广州脐血库保存的547份脐血样本进行HLA—A位点2、3、4外显子的序列分析，由分型结果得出基因频率，与中华（上海）骨髓库北方人群、上海地区人群及德国白种人进行比较。结果采用PCR-SBT分型方法并结合分析软件确定了全部样本的HLA—A基因型，广州地区人群HLA-A等位基因以A＊110101（30．8％）最为常见，其后依次是A＊24020101／02L（16．18％）、A＊0207（11．88％）、A＊3303（9．42％）。A＊110101在广州汉族人群中出现的频率明显高于中华（上海）骨髓库北方人群，而A＊010101、A＊3001明显低于后者；在HLA-A2亚型人群中，A＊020101在广州、上海两地汉族人群中的频率明显低于德国白种人，而广州汉族人群中A＊020101与A＊0206均明显低于上海汉族人，但A＊0203明显高于后者。结论基于核酸序列测定的HLA分型技术能够直接、准确、快速地进行高分辨分型，将有助提高无亲缘关系供者脐血移植的临床效果。改进实验条件、升级分型软件，可以降低试剂成本和节约时间。     

吉林汉族人群HLA-A高分辨基因的多态性分析*

背景：HLA与免疫遗传学、免疫生物学密切相关,其分型对于器官移植和非感染性疾病的易感性有重要意义。 目的：调查吉林汉族人群HLA-A位点基因多态性,分析不同人群HLA-A等位基因频率分布特征。 方法：采用基因测序技术检测2 196名吉林汉族人HLA-A位点第2、3、4外显子序列,软件分析得到分型结果,计算各等位基因频率并与不同人群进行比较。 结果与结论：共检测到42种HLA-A等位基因,其中3种等位基因频率≥5%,分别是HLA-A*02:01(8.5%),HLA-A*11:01(8.2%)和HLA-A*24:02(7.3%),这3种等位基因频率合计为24.0%。同时,检测到39种等位基因频率<0.5%的HLA-A等位基因,这39种等位基因频率合计为76.0%。吉林汉族人群HLA-A等位基因频率分布与美国亚裔人群、中国香港华人、日本人相比存在一定差异。提示吉林汉族人群HLA-A基因的分布有地域特征。      

西藏珞巴族HLA-A,-B基因多态性研究

目的调查西藏地区珞巴族群体HLA—A，—B基因的多态性。方法用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针反向斑点杂交技术，对西藏林芝地区3代内无血缘关系的92个珞巴族健康个体进行了HLA—A，—B位点的基因分型。结果在HLA—A位点共检出10种等位基因，在HLA—B位点检出19种等位基因；在HLA—A位点高频等位基因是HLA—A*11、-A*02、-A*24，它们的频率分别为36．40％、25．50％、23．90％，这3种等位基因共占珞巴族可检出等位基因的85．80％。在HLA—B位点高频基因为HLA—B*40(频率为27．20％)、-B*15(11．40％)和-B*38(10．90％)，它们占等位基因的49．5％。结论珞巴族与其他各华人群体间都存在较大的差异，显示其HLA等位基因频率分布的民族独特性；但其HLA—A、—B等位基因多态性与藏族的很接近，这与民族学、历史学和社会学研究结果相一致。     

我国部分省份（地区）汉族人群HLA-I类基因多态性地区差异分析

目的探讨我国部分省份（地区）汉族人群HLA-I类经典基因座位HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-Cw位点的群体遗传学特点及其基因频率分布的地区差异。方法选取1014例无关汉族拟行造血干细胞移植治疗患者及其健康家系供者的血液样本,提取基因组DNA后,采用序列特异性引物聚合酶链式反应（PCR-SSP）分型技术进行HLA-A、HLA-B、HLA-Cw位点基因分型,分析不同地区汉族人群及不同种族间的基因频率分布特征。基于文献报道的我国不同地区汉族人群及不同种族的HLA-I类基因频率资料,计算种群间遗传距离（D）,比较不同地区汉族人群及不同种族间遗传距离差异。结果Hard-Weinberg吻合度检验表明,本研究抽样群体适于进行遗传学统计分析。HLA-A位点共检测出14种基因型,最常见的是A^＊02（0.330）、A^＊11（0.240）、A^＊24（0.155）、A^＊33（0.075）;HLA-B位点共检测出27种基因型,最常见的是B^＊13（0.134）、B^＊15（0.143）、B^＊40（0.133）、B^＊46（0.102）;HLA-Cw位点共检测出13种基因型,最常见的是Cw^＊01（0.157）、Cw^＊03（0.247）、Cw^＊07（0.181）、Cw^＊08（0.106）。群体汉族与其他人种间HLA-A、HLA-B基因频率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;除兰州汉族人群仅同南方汉族、湖南、山东、江苏、台湾汉族人群间HLA-A、HLA-B基因频率差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）外,其余各地区汉族人群间HLA-A、HLA-B基因频率差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。各地区汉族人群间平均遗传距离D=0.164,辽宁和北方汉族人群间遗传距离（D=0.064）最小,江苏与湖南汉族人群间遗传距离（D=0.299）最大;不同地区汉族人群间遗传距离普遍小于种族间遗传距离。结论我国不同地区汉族人群HLA-I类基因频率分布存在显著差异,但其差异要明显小于世界不同人种间的分布差异。我国汉族人群所特有的HLA-I类基因频率分布格局资料对区域性疾?     

山西汉族人群HLA-A、-B、-DRB1基因多态性研究

目的 调查山西汉族人群HLA-A、-B、DRB1基因多态性，获得完整准确的遗传学数据。方法 应用聚合酶链反应，序列特异性引物方法对7440名健康、无血缘关系的山西汉族个体进行HLA—A、-B、-DRB1基因型检测，并与不同人群等位基因进行比较。结果 检出A等位基因18个，B等位基因40个，DRB1等位基因13个，其中A＊02、A＊24、A＊11、A＊01、A＊03、B＊13、B＊51、B＊15、B＊40、B＊35、DRB1＊15、DR＊09、DR＊1：2、DR＊04、DR＊07等位基因频率分布较高。结论 山西汉族人群HLA—A，-B，-DRB1基因具有中国北方汉族人群共有的遗传特征，但也有其自身的分布特点。     

江浙沪汉族人群HLA-DRB1基因座遗传特征及不同人群频率分布比较

目的 调查江浙沪汉族人群HLA—DRBl基因座的遗传多态性，分析不同人群HLA-DRBl基因频率分布特征。方法 利用聚合酶链反应—序列特异寡核苷酸探针反向杂交和聚合酶链反应—序列特异引物技术对江浙沪地区626名健康无关汉族人进行HLA—DRBl基因分型，可检出DRBl*0101-1001，DRB3，DRB4，DRB5等等位基因，计算HLA—DRBl等位基因频率并与不同人群HLA—DRBl基因的多态性进行比较。结果 在江浙沪汉族人群中检出HLA—DRBl*0101、0301、0701、09012、1001、1201、1202、1301／02、1303／04、1401／04／05、1402／03／1305、1501／02、16021以及04xx、08xx等等位基因，其中DRBl*09012(17．97％)、04xx(12．53％)、1202(11．42％)及1501／02(11．02％)基因频率分布较高。江浙沪汉族人群无偏倚期望杂合性为0．9634，多态性信息含量为0．9024。结论 江浙沪汉族人群HLA-DRBl基因具有中国汉族人群共有的遗传特征，但也有其自身的分布特点，频率分布介于南、北汉族之间。在所比较的不同人群中中国汉族人群HLA—DRBl多态性较为丰富。     

强直性脊柱炎患者MICA基因第2、3和4外显子的多态性及其与HLA-B抗原的连锁不平衡

目的探讨皖籍汉族人群MICA基因（major histocompatibility complex class Ⅰchain-related gene A，MICA）第2、3、4外显子的多态性，及其与HLA-B抗原的连锁不平衡在强直性脊柱炎（ankylosing spondylitis，AS）发病中的作用。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交（polymerase chain reactionsequence-specific oligonucleotide probing，PCR-SS0）技术对56例AS患者和112名正常对照人群进行MICA基因第2、3、4外显子的多态性和HLA-B抗原的检测。结果AS患者和正常对照人群的MICA等位基因分布均以MICA＊008占优势，频率分别为32．14％和30．36％。两组人群MICA＊007等位基因的分布差异有统计学意义（X^2=10．18，P〈0．05，RR=2．50）。单倍型分析显示，AS患者和正常对照人群的MICA等位基因均显示出与多个HLA-B位点的连锁不平衡现象，两组间差异有统计学意义的单倍型为MICA＊007-B27（X^2=18．46，P〈0．05，RR=7．47）。分层分析结果显示，HLA-B27阳性与AS的相关性有统计学意义（P〈0．05），但MICA＊007基因与AS的相关性无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论AS患者中MICA＊007等位基因频率的显著升高可能源于MICA基因与HLA-B位点间的广泛连锁不平衡。     

Distribution of MICA haplotypes in a Chinese Han population

The MICA gene encodes nonclassical major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, centromeric to HLA-B and telomeric to HLA-DRB1. The MICA genes are polymorphic. The immune response against MICA may correlate with a decrease in graft survival after transplantation. However, data on the frequency of MICA polymorphisms in different populations are limited. In this study, we determined MICA allelic frequencies in a Han population living in Guangdong Province in south China. A total of 15 MICA alleles were identified using sequence-based typing. The most frequent allele was MICA*010 (22.22%), followed by MICA*002:01(18.56%), MICA*008:01(16.32%), and MICA*019(14.93%). The MICA null gene (MICA*Del) exhibited a frequency of 1.743% in this population. MICA and HLA, MICA-HLA-B, and MICA-HLA-A/HLA-B/HLA-DRB1 haplotype frequencies were estimated. The most common 2-, 3- and 4-locus haplotypes were HLA-B*40:01-MICA*008:01 (13.70%), HLA-A*11:01-B*40:01-MICA*008:01(8.25%), and HLA-A*33:03-B*58:01-DRB1*03:01-MICA*002:01(5.22%). A new MICA allele, MICA*061, was identified and appears to be evolutionarily related to MICA*012:01. This study provides high-resolution information on the distribution of haplotypes with MICA, HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 in China. This information should help determine the mechanisms underlying diseases and allotransplant rejection associated with MICA polymorphisms in the southern Chinese Han population.     

Polymorphism of HLA class I genes in Meizhou Han population of Guangdong, China

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is an invaluable marker for anthropological studies because of its extreme polymorphism. Most of the studies carried out in Chinese populations are about HLA class II genes, but few about class I genes. In the present study, we investigated HLA class I polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction-sequencing-based typing (PCR-SBT) method in 104 unrelated Han individuals in Meizhou of Guangdong, southern China. Twenty-three HLA-A, 43 HLA-B and 27 HLA-C alleles were identified and allele frequencies and two-locus (C/B) and three-locus (A/C/B) haplotypes were statistically analysed. The most frequent HLA-A allele is A*110101 with a frequency of 30.3%, followed by A*24020101 (22.2%) and A*2420 (11.6%). Among the 43 detected HLA-B alleles, B*5801 (17.0%), B*400101 (15.5%) and B*4601 (10.0%) were frequently observed. Among the 27 detected C alleles, the most predominant one is Cw*07020101 (25.8%), followed by Cw*0717 (14.7%). The most frequent HLA-C/B two-locus haplotype is Cw*07020101/B*400101 (10.1%). The most common HLA-A/C/B three-locus haplotype in Meizhou Han is A*110101/Cw*07020101/B*400101 (3.4%). Phylogenetic tree based on HLA class I allele frequencies genetically suggested that Meizhou Han has an affinity to southern Asian populations. The result may also reflect an admixture of Han and ethnic minorities of southern China.     

Diversity of HLA-B61 alleles and haplotypes in East Asians and Spanish Gypsies

Abstract: The distribution of HLA-B61 alleles and their association with HLA-C and DRB1 alleles were investigated in six East Asian populations (South Korean, Chinese Korean, Man (Manchu), Northern Han, Mongolian and Buryat) and Spanish Gypsies and compared to our previous report on the Japanese population. The alleles were identified using a group-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and genomic DNA followed by hybridization with sequence-specific oligonucleotide probes (SSOP)- Both HLA-B*4002 and B*4006 were commonly detected in the South Korean, Chinese Korean, Man, Northern Han and Japanese populations, while HLA-B*4002 was predominant in the Mongolian and Buryat populations. Strong associations of B*4002 with Cw*0304 and of B*4006 with Cw*0801 were commonly observed in these East Asian populations. In contrast, in Spanish Gypsies, only HLA-B*4006 was found and the allele exhibited a strong association with Cw*1502. HLA-B*4003 was also identified in the South Korean, Chinese Korean, Northern Han, Mongolian and Japanese populations at relatively low frequencies, and exhibited an association with Cw*0304. Moreover, the association of these B61 alleles with the DRB1 alleles revealed considerable diversity among the different populations. HLA-B*4004 and B*4009 were not observed in these populations. Consequently, the frequencies of the B61 alleles varied among the different East Asian populations, but the individual B61 alleles were carried by specific haplotypes often regardless of the ethnic differences.     

HLA-B*15 subtypes distribution in Han population in Beijing,China, as compared with those of other populations

To identify HLA-B*15 subtypes distribution in Han population in Beijing, People’s Republic of China, 826 unrelated healthy individuals were typed using the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing method. Within the 246 HLA-B*15 positive individuals, 29 HLA-B*15 alleles were identified, the most predominant of which is B*1501 (40.07%), followed by B*1502 (12.87%), B*1511 (12.87%), B*1518 (9.19%) and B*1532 (3.31%). The distribution of HLA-B*15 subtype frequencies was compared between the Beijing Han, eight other Chinese ethnic minorities and six Chinese populations covering the mainland of China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore. A neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree was constructed and revealed that the Beijing Han population clustered into the northern populations group and had a closer relationship with northern Han and Hui than with southern Han or other ethnic minorities. These results thus provide useful information that can be used in anthropology, selection for bone marrow transplantation as well as in disease-association study, such as in carbamazepine (CBZ)-induced Stevens–Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.     

HLA-B*44 allele frequencies and haplotypic associations in Koreans

We have investigated the frequencies of HLA-B*44 alleles and their haplotypic associations with HLA-A, -C, and -DRB1 loci in 450 healthy unrelated Koreans, including 213 parents from 107 families. All 79 samples (17.6%) typed as B44 by serology were analyzed for B*44 alleles using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) method. A total of three different B*44 alleles were detected: B*44031 (allele frequency 4.7%), B*44032 (3.1%), and B*4402 (1.3%). Three characteristic haplotypes revealing strong linkage disequilibrium were A*3303-Cw*1403-B*44031-DRB1*1302 (3.6%), A*3303-Cw*07-B*44032-DRB1*0701 (2.8%), and A*3201-Cw*05-B*4402-DRB1*0405 (0.4%). In addition, a strong association was observed for B*4402 with A*0301. The B*4403-bearing haplotypes of Koreans appear to be relatively common in Asian populations, whereas the B*4402-bearing haplotypes share some similarity to those of Caucasians. HLA-B44 alleles demonstrate a limited allelic diversity and comprise distinctive extended haplotypes in the Korean population. It is suggested that the frequencies of B44 subtype mismatches among ABDRB1-matched unrelated donor-recipient pairs would be low in this population.     

Analysis of the HLA-A,-B allele polymorphism in 5844 umbilical cord blood samples taken from Han population of Shandong province

To investigate the HLA-A, -B allele polymorphism in Han population of Shandong province and to explore the possibility to find out the HLA-A, -B-matched cord blood donors for stem cell transplantation to be used in other area in China, 5844 umbilical cord blood samples were taken from Han population donors of Shandong province, and assayed with PCR-sequence-oligonucleotide (PCR-SSO) assay. In Shandong Han donors, 20 alleles at HLA-A locus and 46 alleles at HLA-B locus could be detected as revealed in the present study. Among the 20 alleles at HLA-A locus, the most prevalent five alleles included A * 02(0.3041), A * 11(0.1443), A * 24(0.1434), A * 30(0.0975) and A * 33(0.0859), while, the alleles with lower gene frequencies included A * 34(0.0006), A * 25 (0.0005), A*66(0.0005), A* 74(0.0004) and A* (0.0001). Of the 46 HLA-B alleles detected, the most prevalent five alleles were B * 13(0.1348), B * 51(0.0713), B * 62(0.0712), B * 61 (0.0676) and B * 60(0.0642); while alleles with lower gene frequencies included B * 77(0.0001), B * 76(0.0002), B * 47(0.0003), B * 42(0.0003) and B * 72(0.0004). In comparison with those of the other Han population in China, the HLA-A, -B gene frequencies in the umbilical cord blood of Shandong province possess unique distribution features among the investigated populations from various regions of the same race origin, and the differences in various regions of the same race were less than those among the different race. It is evident that the HLA-A,-B alleles of the umbilical cord blood taken in Shangdong province show high degree of polymorphism, and it might be part of those of Northern Han population in China. So, it is reasonable for patients of Northern Chinese to receive HLA class I -match transplant of cord blood stem cells for tissue and organ transplantation from Shangdong umbilical cord blood bank.     

Characterization of the major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene B (MICB) polymorphism in a northern Chinese Han population: the identification of a new MICB allele, MICB*023

Major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related gene B (MICB) has only been characterized for allelic variation in very few human populations. The MICB polymorphism remains largely unknown in Chinese populations. In this study, 104 healthy unrelated Han subjects recruited from central Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, northern China, were investigated by sequence-based typing for MICB allelic variation, the association of MICB alleles with AluyMICB insertion/deletion dimorphism located in MICB intron 1, linkage disequilibrium of MICB with human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B and MICA, and HLA-A-C-B-MICA-MICB haplotypic diversity. Ten kinds of MICB alleles were observed, among which MICB*005:02/010, MICB*002:01, and MICB*004:01 were the most frequent alleles with frequencies of 51.44, 16.35, and 11.54%, respectively. Significant linkage disequilibrium (LD) was observed for 9 of the 21 HLA-B-MICB haplotypes and 6 of the 17 MICA-MICB haplotypes with a frequency >1.5%. In particular, HLA-B*13:01 and HLA-B*13:02, both of which were frequently represented in this population, exhibited a distinct LD pattern with the MICB allele. A new MICB allele, MICB*023, was identified, which differed from MICB*005:02/010 by a single mutation of G to A at position 86 in exon 2, resulting in an amino acid change from arginine to histidine at codon 6. HLA-A*30-C*06-B*13:02-MICA*008:01-MICB*005:02/010 was the most common haplotype, with a frequency of 8.64% in this population. HLA-A*02-C*08-B*48-MICA*Del-MICB*009N demonstrated a frequency of 2.4% in this population. Our results provide for the first time data regarding the MICB genetic polymorphism in northern Chinese Han populations and will form the basis for future studies of the potential role of MICB in allogeneic organ transplantation and disease association in related ethnic groups.