介入性灌注热碘油栓塞兔VX2肝癌的疗效研究

目的评价热碘油对兔VX2肝癌的疗效及安全性。方法将30只载瘤兔,随机分为两组,每组15只。A组为常温30℃碘油灌注,B组为60℃热碘油灌注。经导管由肝动脉分别灌注常温碘油和热碘油,10 d后观察两组肿瘤体积及血清AST水平,观察载瘤兔的存活期。结果 B组肿瘤生长率（0.90±0.18）与A组（1.28±0.27）相比有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;A组存活期（42.0±2.0）d与B组（32.5±3.0）d相比有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。A组血清AST水平与B组相比无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。结论 60℃热碘油栓塞兔VX2肝癌可明显降低肿瘤生长率并延长存活期。     

肝动脉灌注碘油羟基磷灰石纳米粒对兔VX2肝肿瘤细胞凋亡、增生及血管形成的影响

目的观察肝动脉灌注碘油羟基磷灰石纳米粒（nHAP）对兔VX2肝肿瘤生长、坏死率、凋亡指数、微血管密度（MVD）及增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）表达的影响,同时观察其对瘤兔生存期的影响。方法80只新西兰白兔肝内肿瘤种植后2周,随机分为4组,每组20只,兔上腹正中开腹,胃十二指肠动脉插管固定,经肝动脉灌注给药,实验设生理盐水组（A组）、单纯碘油组（B组）、阿霉素碘油组（C组）及碘油nHAP组（D组）。治疗后1周及2周,采用CT检测肿瘤大小,计算肿瘤的生长率。治疗后2周,病理观察肿瘤区的坏死率,DNA缺口末端标记（TUNEL）法检测肿瘤的凋亡指数,免疫组化方法测定肿瘤的MVD值。记录各组实验兔治疗后的存活期。结果治疗后1、2周,碘油nHAP组肿瘤体积及生长率明显小于其他各组（均P〈0．05）。治疗后2周,碘油nHAP组肿瘤坏死率和凋亡指数大于其他各组（均P〈0．05）。单纯碘油组及阿霉素碘油组栓塞后,残余肿瘤区的MVD（条）升高,两者分别为34±7和35±8,高于阴性对照A组（23±6,P〈0．05）;碘油nHAP组残余瘤区MVD（16±4）条低于其他组。栓塞组增殖指数低于阴性对照A组,碘油nHAP组增殖指数低于其他各组（均P〈0．05）。4组瘤兔治疗后的生存天数（d）分别为38±6．46±8、50±8、55±9。碘油nHAP组治疗后的生存期长于其他组（均P〈0．05）。结论肝动脉灌注碘油nHAP可明显抑制肿瘤生长,延长瘤兔的生存期,其可能通过促进肿瘤细胞坏死、诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡、抑制肿瘤细胞增殖和抑制肿瘤血管生成发挥抗肿瘤效应。     

碘油羟基磷灰石纳米粒对兔VX2肝肿瘤生长及血管新生的作用

目的 观察碘油羟基磷灰石纳米粒(nHAP)经肝动脉灌注对兔VX2肝肿瘤生长、微血管密度(MVD)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的影响.方法 100只新西兰白兔肝内肿瘤种植后2周,随机分为5组,每组20只,兔上腹正中开腹,胃十二指肠动脉插管固定,经肝动脉灌注给药,实验设生理盐水组(A组)、nHAP组(B组)、单纯碘油组(C组)、阿霉素碘油组(D组)及碘油nHAP组(E组).治疗后1周及2周,采用CT检测并计算肿瘤的生长率,治疗后2周,病理观察肿瘤坏死率,免疫组化方法测定瘤区的MVD及VEGF表达强度.记录各组实验兔治疗后的存活期.结果 治疗后1、2周,碘油nHAP组肿瘤体积及生长率明显小于其它各组(均P<0.05).治疗后2周,碘油nHAP组肿瘤坏死率大于单纯碘油组及阿霉素碘油组(均P<0.05),分别为(80.8±12.5)%、(68.2±10.4)%、(75.3±11.6)%.单纯碘油组及阿霉素碘油组栓塞后,残余肿瘤区的MVD升高,两者分别为(33.6±7.3)和(34.9±7.7),高于生理盐水组的(22.6±6.5)(均P<0.05);两组的VEGF表达强度分别为(0.184±0.018)和(0.180±0.017),高于生理盐水组的(0.140±0.008)(均P<0.05);碘油nHAP组残余瘤区的MVD减低,VEGF表达减弱,两者分别为(16.5±3.6)和(0.104±0.003).和其它组相比,碘油nHAP组治疗后兔的生存期明显延长(均P<0.05).结论 碘油nHAP可抑制肿瘤的生长,增加肿瘤的坏死率,抑制肿瘤血管新生,降低栓塞后残瘤VEGF表达,延长瘤兔的生存时间.     

低压缺氧和亚低温复合因素对小鼠免疫功能的影响

目的 :研究模拟高空低压缺氧和亚低温复合环境 ,对小鼠血浆神经肽含量和免疫功能的影响 .方法 :采用放免法检测高空缺氧和亚低温复合因素作用下 ,小鼠血浆 β 内啡肽 (β EP)和亮氨酸脑啡肽 (L EK)的含量 ;采用MTT法检测ConA或LPS诱导的脾细胞增殖反应 ,胸腺细胞IL 1和脾细胞IL 2的活性 .结果 :7km高空缺氧室温组 (2 2± 2 )℃血浆β EP含量 (ng·L-1)显著高于地面室温组 (395± 6 6vs 2 71±37,P <0 .0 1) ,7km 5℃组血浆 β EP含量显著低于 7km室温组 (2 83± 5 9vs 2 71± 37,P <0 .0 1) .地面 5℃组血浆L EK含量显著高于相应的室温组 (5 75± 88vs 4 0 5± 6 5 ,P <0 .0 1) .7km 10℃组ConA或LPS诱导的脾细胞增殖 (MBq)反应显著低于 7km室温组 (6 2 .5± 6 .8vs 2 .1± 0 .2 ,5 8.8± 8.1vs 30 .6± 3.9,P <0 .0 1) ;7km 5℃组ConA或LPS诱导的脾细胞增殖反应显著高于地面 5℃组 (2 3.3± 3.8vs 4 4 .8±4 .4 ,31.9± 0 .5vs 6 6 .0± 2 .7,P <0 .0 1) .7km 10℃组IL 1活性显著高于 7km室温组 (2 .88± 0 .4 9vs1.5 1± 0 .31,P <0 .0 1) ,7km 5℃组IL 1活性显著低于 7km室温组 (1.2 8± 0 .32vs 1.5 1± 0 .31,P <0 .0 1) .7km 10℃和 5℃组小鼠IL 2活性低于 7km室温组 ,但无显著差异 .结论 :缺氧 1     

垂体腺瘤的血管生成、瘤细胞的凋亡与侵袭性的关系

目的　探讨微血管密度 (Microvesseldensity,MVD)、瘤细胞凋亡 (Apoptosis)与肿瘤侵袭性的关系。方法应用EnVision二步法免疫组化技术检测 5 8例垂体腺瘤的微血管密度 (MVD) ;应用流式细胞术 (Flowcytometry ,FCM)对 38例垂体腺瘤 (12例侵袭性腺瘤 )检测瘤细胞凋亡情况 ;分为侵袭组和非侵袭组进行统计学分析 ,并对MVD与瘤细胞凋亡进行相关性分析。结果　侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD为 6 .78± 1.6 7;非侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD为 3.72± 1.0 2 ;差异有显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。肿瘤细胞的凋亡百分比 ,侵袭性为 11.5 2± 6 .77(% ) ,非侵袭性为 6 .0 5± 4 .82 (% ) ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 1)。侵袭性垂体腺瘤细胞凋亡率高 ,垂体腺瘤的异倍体率为 6 3.2 % ,其中侵袭性垂体腺瘤为 87.5 % ,非侵袭性腺瘤为 4 5 .5 % ,两者相比有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。直线相关分析显示 ,MVD与瘤细胞凋亡呈显著正相关 (r=0 .6 12 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　侵袭性垂体腺瘤MVD增高、DNA倍增明显 ,同时肿瘤细胞凋亡也增加。     

右美沙芬对兔急性脑外伤后脑血流速度的影响

目的 :应用经颅多普勒超声 (TCD)技术研究右美沙芬治疗兔颅脑急性损伤后脑血流速度的变化及其意义。方法 :健康雄性白家兔 2 0只 ,随机分为 2组。A组 (n =1 0 )为脑外伤组 ,B组 (n =1 0 )为脑外伤后右美沙芬治疗组。应用TCD分别测定外伤前、伤后 5min、6h、72h、1 6 8h兔大脑中动脉 (MCA)脑血流速度。观察指标为收缩期血流速度 (vS) ,舒张期血流速度 (vD)和脉动指数 (PI)。结果 :A组伤前、后 5min、1 6 8hvS 与B组比较 ,差异无统计学意义 ;A组伤后 6h、72hvS((39.4 5± 7.5 )cm/s,(4 1 .2 0± 5 .94 )cm/s)与B组 ((5 1 .6 8± 1 0 .32 )cm/s,(5 2 .4 1± 8.5 6 )cm/s)比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;A组伤前、后 5min、1 6 8hvD 与B组比较 ,差异无统计学意义 ;A组伤后 6h、72hvD((2 6 .33± 3.4 6 )cm/s,(2 5 .84± 5 .6 9)cm/s)与B组 ((33.6 4± 4 .2 7)cm/s ,(34.86± 7.4 8)cm/s)比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;A组伤前、后 5minPI值与B组比较差异无统计学意义 ,A组伤后 6h、72h、1 6 8hPI(2 .0 6±0 .5 8,2 .2 5± 0 .36 ,1 .5 3± 0 .39)与B组 (1 .2 6± 0 .2 9,1 .38± 0 .2 9,0 .96± 0 .1 7)比较差异有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论 :提示右美沙芬可通过改善脑血流速度、降低脉动指     

MUC1基因疫苗抑制EMT6乳癌生长的实验

目的 :观察MUC1基因疫苗对EMT6乳癌生长的特异性抑制作用 .方法 :采用股四头肌肌肉注射法将构建的MUC1基因疫苗pcDNA3 1 MUC1免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠 ,3wk 1次 ,共 3次 .最后一次基因免疫后第 3周 ,接种表达MUC1的EMT6小鼠乳腺癌细胞 .2wk后观察、记录肿瘤的生长情况 .于肿瘤细胞接种后第 4 5日 ,处死全部动物 ,称量肿瘤的质量 .荷瘤小鼠的瘤组织常规HE染色 .结果 :肿瘤细胞接种后 4 5d ,MUC1预防组、质粒pcDNA3 1对照组及生理盐水阴性对照组EMT6肿瘤大小分别为 (2 5 0± 2 4 3) ,(5 96±2 8 2 )及 (6 18± 35 6 )mm3 (P <0 0 1) ;平均瘤质量为 (1 2 3±0 4 1) ,(2 2 8± 0 6 6 )及 2 36± 0 72 )g(P <0 0 1) ;MUC1基因疫苗预防组仅见 4 0 % (4 / 10 )的小鼠有瘤体形成 ,而pcD NA3 1对照组及生理盐水阴性对照组 10 0 % (10 / 10 )可见瘤体形成、肿瘤生长 .结果表明 ,与pcDNA3 1对照组相比 ,MUC1预防组EMT6肿瘤生长受到明显抑制 (P <0 0 1) ;MUC1预防组小鼠免疫保护有显著差异 (P <0 0 5 ) .病理学检查结果显示 ,与 pcDNA3 1对照组相比 ,MUC1DNA疫苗预防组鼠EMT6肿瘤组织大量坏死 .结论 :MUC1基因疫苗显著抑制EMT6乳癌生长 ,为临床应用研究奠定了基础     

缺血预处理对大鼠急性肾缺血/再灌注损伤的保护作用及其对细胞凋亡的影响

目的 :观察缺血预处理 (IPC)对大鼠急性肾缺血 /再灌注损伤的保护作用及其对细胞凋亡及凋亡相关蛋白Bcl 2和Bax表达的影响 ,探讨其作用的可能机制 .方法 :双肾动脉缺血 4 5min再灌注 2 4h制备成急性肾缺血 /再灌注动物模型 ,5 0只Wister大鼠随机分为对照假手术组、缺血 /再灌注组、缺血预处理组 (IPC1 ,IPC2 ,IPC3) .原位末端标记法检测细胞凋亡指数 ,免疫组化法测定Bcl 2和Bax表达 .结果 :与对照组比较 ,缺血 /再灌注组凋亡指数增加 (3.1± 2 .3vs 2 8.8± 4 .4 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,Bax(1 83.0± 1 2 .8vs1 6 3.0± 1 7.1 ,P <0 .0 5 )表达明显增强 ,Bcl 2增加 (1 84 .0± 9.6vs 1 79.0± 1 3.0 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,Bcl 2 /Bax比值明显降低 (1 .0 0± 0 .0 8vs 1 .1 0± 0 .0 7,P <0 .0 5 ) .缺血 /再灌注组比较 ,IPC3组肾小管凋亡指数明显下降(2 8.8± 4 .4vs 1 5 .6± 3.8,P <0 .0 5 ) ,Bcl 2表达增强 (1 79.0±1 3.0vs1 70 .0± 1 5 .1 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ,Bax表达减弱 (1 6 3.0± 1 7.1vs1 74 .0± 1 3.7,P <0 .0 5 ) ,Bcl 2 /Bax比值增高 (1 .1 0± 0 .0 7vs0 .98± 0 .1 1 ,P <0 .0 5 ) .结论 :缺血预处理 (IPC3)具有抗肾脏缺血 /再灌注损伤作用 ,其作用机制可能是通过调控Bcl 2 /Bax介导的肾脏缺血 /再灌注细胞     

高压氧对兔感染性脑水肿的作用

目的 :通过感染性脑水肿时 β -endophin(β -EP)含量的变化以观察高压氧对兔百日咳菌液感染性脑水肿的作用。方法 :采用百日咳菌液诱发兔感染性脑水肿模型 ,观察生理盐水组 (NSn =7)、百日咳菌液组 (PBn =7)、高压氧治疗组 (HBOn =7)皮层、海马、血浆及脑脊液中 β -EP含量的变化。结果 :百日咳菌液组注菌侧脑组织含水量 (watercontentWC) (82 .6 5± 0 .76 % )明显高于盐水组WC(79.4 7± 0 .96 % ) (P <0 .0 1) ;百日咳菌液组 β-EP含量 :(皮层 :5 6 .2 8± 11.6 6 pg/mg ,海马 :85 .97± 33.76 pg/mg) ,分别较盐水组相应区域 (皮层 :18.5 0± 2 .0 1pg/mg ,海马 :2 2 .5 2± 6 .0 9pg/mg)明显增高 (P <0 .0 1) ;注菌后 4h血浆 β -EP含量 (10 6 .33±2 4 .96ng/ml)和脑脊液中 β-EP含量 (2 .4 9± 0 .6 6ng/ml)分别比注菌前 (血浆 :4 3.80± 19.6 3ng/ml,脑脊液 :1.14± 0 .39ng/ml)明显上升 ,差异有非常显著性 (P <0 .0 1)。HBO组 :WC :81.38± 0 .30较菌液组明显下降(P <0 .0 5 ) ;血浆、脑脊液 β -EP含量 (6 3.5 0± 2 2 .4 8ng/ml、1.5 2e0 .30ng/ml)较菌液组下降 ,差异有显著性 (P<0 .0 5 ) ;皮层、海马 β -EP含量 (2 9.5 4± 5 .2 1pg/mg、38.5 7± 10 .90 pg/mg)与菌液组注菌侧比较明显下降     

5-氟尿嘧啶对豫医无毛小鼠S_(180)肉瘤的抑制作用

目的 :研究 5 氟尿嘧啶对豫医无毛小鼠S1 80 肉瘤的抑制作用。方法 :豫医无毛小鼠 (2 5只 )和昆明种小鼠(2 5只 )分别接种S1 80 肉瘤细胞建立荷瘤动物模型 ,分别随机分成对照组和用药组 ,用药组腹腔给予 5 氟尿嘧啶 ,9d后全部处死、剥离、称瘤重 ,计算抑瘤率。结果 :豫医无毛小鼠用药组瘤重 (0 .93± 0 .38)g,对照组瘤重 (2 .89± 1 .1 5)g,抑瘤率 67.7% ;昆明种小鼠用药组瘤重 (0 .2 3± 0 .0 8)g ,对照组瘤重 (2 .56± 0 .78)g,抑瘤率 91 .0 %。各用药组瘤重与对照组相比差异有统计学意义 ,P <0 .0 1。 2用药组比较 ,差异亦有统计学意义 ,P <0 .0 5。结论 :5 氟尿嘧啶对豫医无毛小鼠S1 80 肉瘤有抑制作用 ,但作用不如昆明小鼠     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.