Proliferative activity in some tissues of mice unilaterally nephrectomized at different times of day

Unilateral nephrectomy was performed on mice at different times during the morning and evening. Mitotic activity was investigated in the proximal portions of the convoluted tubules of the nephron of the remaining kidney and in the corneal epithelium 48 and 60 h after the operation. If the operation was performed in the morning the mitotic index (MI) was 4.3 times higher than the control and still remained high 60 h after the operation. If the operation was performed in the evening MI was 9.3 times higher than the control and fell after 60 h. It is concluded that the cells of the renal epithelium in animals nephrectomized in the evening divide more synchronously than in mice nephrectomized in the morning. Nephrectomy did not affect the level or rhythm of cellular proliferation in the corneal epithelium.Department of Biology and Laboratory of Chronobiology, Research Center, N. I. Pirogov Second Moscow Medical Institute. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR Yu. M. Lopukhin.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 86, No. 7, pp. 67–69, July, 1978.     

Kinetics of hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow of hepatectomized mice

Two thirds of the liver was removed from (CBA×C57BL/6j)F₁ female mice. On the 5th day after the operation a significant increase was observed in the number of endogenous colonies in the spleen of the partially hepatectomized animals. This increase was not connected with a change in the number of stem cells in the bone marrow, for partial hepatectomy at different times after the operation did not affect the number of colony-forming units in the bone marrow.Laboratory of Virology, Oncologic Scientific Center, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR N. A. Kraevskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 218–219, February, 1978.     

Radiosensitivity and direction of differentiation of colony-forming cells in the spleen

The radiosensitivity of splenic colony-forming units (CFUs) settling in the bone marrow and spleen does not differ significantly. The value of D₀ for CFUs forming colonies in the spleen varies between 105 and 120 R. D₀ for CFUs forming colonies in bone marrow is 120–135 R. It is postulated that two fractions for CFUs are represented in bone marrow, one radiosensitive, the other radioresistant. In the spleen mainly the radiosensitive fraction of CFUs is found.Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. D. Gorizontov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 1, pp. 74–76, January, 1976.     

Telomerase activity in cells of 9-day-old spleen colonies formed by bone marrow of normal and thymectomized mice

Telomerase activity was measured in spleen colonies, in progeny of individual 9-day-old splenic CFU formed by the bone marrow from normal (physiological aging) and thymectomized mice. Cells of spleen colonies expressed telomerase activity. No correlation was found between telomerase activity in spleen colony cells and age of animals. Thymectomy of bone marrow donors had no effect on telomerase activity. Our results suggest that the thymus plays a role in cell aging.Translated from Byulleten Eksperimentalnoi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 138, No. 11, pp. 567–569, November, 2004     

Effect of cholesterol on the position of segmental lesions in unilaterally nephrectomized rats.

Different positions of segmental lesions within glomeruli may correspond to different pathogenetic mechanisms. The effect of a high cholesterol diet on the position of lesions had not previously been investigated. This was studied in rats following unilateral nephrectomy, as a change in position would suggest a different mechanism of damage. Thirty-two female WAG/ola rats had unilateral nephrectomy. Half the rats were given a diet supplemented with 4 per cent cholesterol and 1 per cent cholic acid. At death, six at 10 weeks after nephrectomy and the rest at 24 weeks, kidney sections were examined microscopically. There were significantly more segmental lesions in the cholesterol-fed rats than in the controls, and these lesions were almost entirely at the glomerular hilum in both groups. Significantly more glomeruli contained foamy cells in the cholesterol-fed group, both within lesions and away from them. These findings confirmed that in reduced renal mass, segmental lesions are mainly hilar. The diet increases the number of glomeruli affected by lesions, but these are still mainly hilar. Therefore one possibility is that hypercholesterolaemia worsens the hyperfiltration effect on glomeruli. The diet also produces foamy cells scattered throughout the glomeruli but these do not appear to develop into segmental lesions.     

Effect of combined injection of hydrocortisone and edta on the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of mice immunized with sheep's erythrocytes

Experiments on (CBA x C57BL)F₁ mice showed that injection of hydrocortisone into the animals in a dose of 1 mg per mouse 24 h after immunization with sheep's erythrocytes, and against the background of repeated injections of EDTA, leads to a reduction in the relative number of plaque-forming cells by more than two-thirds in the spleen of the mice compared with the effect of the two agents separately, and by more than five-sixths compared with the control. It is suggested that this may be the result of the more intensive incorporation of hydrocortisone associated with the prolonged hypocalcemic action of the complexone, EDTA.Laboratory of Regulation of Immunopoiesis, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Siberian Branch, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Novosibirsk. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. P. Kaznacheev.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp. 320–322, March, 1978.     

Effect of T-activin on antibody-forming cells of the rat spleen

Research Institute of Physiochemical Medicine, Ministry of Health of the RSFSR, Moscow. Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 111, No. 6, pp. 644–646, June, 1991.     

Dependence of the number of antibody-forming cells in the spleen of rats immunized with typhoid antigen Salmonella typhi on the number of cells spontaneously producing antibodies against this antigen

It was shown by the method of local passive hemolysis in gel that the number of antibody-forming cells (AFC) in the spleen of five batches of rats obtained at different times from the nursery correlates after immunization withSalmonella typhi O antigen with the number of spontaneous AFC against that same antigen in animals of the same batch. This may indicate that the number of spontaneous AFC reflects the number of B lymphocytes immunocompetent toward the particular antigen and that it can be used to some degree to assess immunologic reactivity to that antigen before immunization.Personal Group of Academicians of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. K. Navrotskii, Ukrainian Postgraduate Medical Institute, Khar'kov. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR V. K. Navrotskii.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 81, No. 2, pp. 201–202, February, 1976.     

Distribution of colony-forming cells in the bone marrow and spleen of irradiated mice

Two hours after transplantation of 2×10⁵ bone marrow cells, 1.7–2.8% and 14–16% of colonyforming units (CFU) were retained respectively in the femoral bone marrow and spleen of the recipients. After 24 h, 1–2% and 21–26% of CFU respectively remained in these organs. If 2.5×10⁶–1.7×10⁷ bone marrow cells were transplanted, the fractionf in the bone marrow and spleen of the recipients (under saturation conditions) was unchanged during the 24-h period. The value for CFU settling in the spleen was 20–22%, whereas for CFU settling in the femoral marrow the value off was 2.4–2.7%. It is postulated that the same number of CFU settles in the whole volume of the bone marrow as in the whole spleen. The total number of CFU settling in the spleen and in the whole volume of the bone marrow averages 40–50%. The fate of the remaining CFU is unknown.Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR P. D. Gorizontov.Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 82, No. 7, pp. 827–829, July, 1976.     

Response of colony-forming bone marrow cells of irradiated mice to some phlogogenic factors

Experiments of irradiated mice (600 and 800 R) showed that the numbers of colonies in the spleen is increased under the influence of phlogogenic factors and their morphological composition is changed. It is suggested that under the influence of a noxious agent a hypothetical factor causing the above-mentioned changes is formed in the skin.Research Institute of Medical Radiology, Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Obninsk. Institute of Occupational Diseases, Orel. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR G. A. Zedgenidze.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 87, No. 4, pp. 293–295, April, 1979.     

Changes in proliferative activity of hematopoietic stem cells after adrenalectomy

In the early stages after adrenalectomy a decrease in the total cell population and in the number of colony-forming units (CFU) in the bone marrow is found in (CBA×C57BL)F₁ mice and is accompanied by a significant increase in the number of proliferating stem cells in the bone marrow and spleen, determined by the thymidine suicide method. After normalization of the total number of CFU, followed by the total cell population of the bone marrow, the level of dividing stem cells returns to its initial value.Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Public Health of the USSR, Moscow. (Presented by Academician of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR R. V. Petrov.) Translated from Byulleten' Éksperimental'noi Biologii i Meditsiny, Vol. 89, No. 3, pp. 326–327, March, 1980.     

Immunomodulatory effects of turmeric: Proliferation of spleen cells in mice

Experiments were conducted to examine the effects of turmeric on spleen cell proliferation. Cell suspensions of spleen cells from young and aged mice were treated with or without conconavalin A (Con-A) as a proliferation stimulant, and with and without turmeric (20 mg/mL) in different concentrations. Spleen cells from young mice that received turmeric showed significant increase in spleen cell proliferation (P < 0.05), while spleen cells from aged mice that received turmeric showed no significant increase in T lymphocytes. The data indicates that turmeric increases the ability of spleen cells in young mice to proliferate, in vitro.     

Changes of autologous neural stem cells in the hippocampi of aging mice

Although there is possibility of cognitive disturbance in aging people, many of them live for long life and enjoy well-functioning brain during the whole life-span. The biological basis of longevity is unknown. In this study, we investigated the influence of aging on hippocampal neural stem cells (NSCs), and the correlations between hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function. The result showed that the protein production and mRNA expression of nestin, and the number of BrdU⁺ cells in dentate gyrus (DG) of the aged non-dementia mice were clearly higher than that in the aged dementia mice and the young adult mice. We also found that the number of NeuN⁺ (neuron-specific nuclear antigen) cells in DG and CA1, choline O-acetyltransferase (ChAT, EC 2.3.1.6) production and mRNA expression in hippocampi of the aged-dementia mice were significantly reduced as compared to that of the young adult mice and the aged non-dementia mice, whereas the number of NeuN⁺ cells, ChAT production and mRNA expression of the aged non-dementia mice has no difference with that of the young adult mice. Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in the hippocampi of aged dementia mice significantly higher than that of the young adult mice and the aged non-dementia mice. Our results suggest that aging sometimes does not cause changing of the number of neurons and the hippocampal neurogenesis. Increment of DNA replication and neuron replacement, promotion of differentiation of neural stem cells, enhancement of neuronal proliferation, facilitation of synaptic plasticity of neurons may all benefit to the maintenance of the normal cognitive ability in the aged mice.     

Fusion of murine myeloma cells with murine spleen cells: A simple method

Summary A simple and effective method is described for produeing hybrid cells from the fusion of parental murine myeloma cells with spleen cells from an immunized mouse. This method results in minimal damage to the fused cells.