先天性青光眼患者手术后生活质量的调查

目的调查先天性青光眼术后与视力相关的生活质量,并探讨影响其术后视力的原因及防治措施。方法收集1980年至2004年在我院诊断为先天性青光眼并接受手术治疗的患者84例(153只眼),以信函问卷调查、电话质询及门诊随访的方式追踪了解其术后现在的生活质量及眼压、视力、角膜及杯盘比值等的变化情况。结果视力:0．05以下者96只眼(62．7％),0．06至0．3者28只眼(18．3％),大于0．3者29只眼(19．0％)。角膜直径大于12mm者138只眼,其中角膜变性浑浊、葡萄肿、白斑83只眼。在能看清眼底记录C／D的70只眼中,C／D 大于0．8者60只眼。结论先天性青光眼患者生活质量比正常人低,尤其是双眼发病者。手术不成功、诊断及治疗太晚、术后不能长期随访、长期高眼压是造成原发性先天性青光眼盲目及生活质量低下的根本原因。     

小梁切开术治疗婴幼儿型青光眼远期效果观察

对１２例（２４眼）婴幼儿型青光眼施行了外路小梁切开术。除２眼做２次手术外其余均做１次。术后平均随访２８个月。首次手术成功率９０．９％，２次手术均成功。术前与术后随访眼压、角膜横径及杯盘比值均数经统计学分析差异有非常显著性。而１～１２个月年龄组与１３～７０个月年龄组比较差异无显著性。研究结果表明，６岁以前先天性青光眼施行小梁切开术疗效满意，手术安全，并发症少。对手术体会作了介绍。     

外路小梁切开术治疗先天性青光眼的远期效果

目的 评价外路小梁切开术（Ｌｕｎｔｚ法）治疗先天性青光眼的远期效果。方法 随访２９例（４７只眼）行外路小梁切开术的先天性青光眼患者达５年以上。结果 应用寿命表法分析１次手术成功率：术后６、１２、１８及２４个月分别为７０．２％、６２．８％、５７．５％及５５．３％。眼压再次升高均发生在术后２年之内。１４只眼行２次小梁切开术,成功率为５０．０％,总成功率为７０．２％,成功者中具有１２只眼（３６．０％）裸     

先天性青光眼手术疗效观察

目的观察手术治疗先天性青光眼的临床疗效。方法收集初诊年龄≤3岁先天性青光眼患者62例（97只眼）,按角膜横径以及眼底杯盘比对患者实施不同手术方式治疗,随访观察手术成功率、眼压、角膜横径以及眼底杯盘比。结果外路小梁切开联合小梁切除术72只眼（占术眼74．2％）;单纯小梁切开术12只眼（占12.4％）;小梁切除术13只眼（占13．4％）。外路小梁切开联合小梁切除术后1、3、6、12及24个月手术成功率分别为95．83％、90．28％、86．67％、84．31％、82．35％。手术成功者术后平均眼压较术前显著降低（P ＜0．01）,杯盘比较术前减小（P ＜0．01）,角膜横径术前术后差异无显著意义（P ＝0．259）,手术失败者角膜横径与杯盘比继续增大。结论外路小梁切开联合小梁切除术是治疗先天性青光眼常用、安全有效的手术术式;角膜横径可做为判断≤3岁先天性青光眼病情控制与否的指标。     

小梁切除与白内障摘出联合手术临床分析

对２８例２９眼青光眼并发白内障于一眼的患者行小梁切除联合白内障囊外摘出术。术后平均眼压２．１６ｋＰａ。明显低于术前眼压５．３６ｋＰａ。术后矫正视力≥０．５者１２眼；０．３－０．４者１０眼，０．１－０．２者５眼。０．１以下者２眼；术后视力差的     

小梁切开联合小梁切除术治疗先天性青光眼

目的 探讨小梁切开联合小梁切除术治疗先天性青光眼的疗效。方法 １９９８年１月至１９９９年５月,对２０例３６眼先天性青光眼患者施行外路小梁功开联合小梁切除术。结果 术后不用任何抗青光眼眼液或药物,眼压〈２．８ｋＰａ,角膜清晰,角膜直径和杯盘比值不进展,术后随访３￣１８个月,平均９个月,手术成功率为９４．７％。结论 小梁切开联合小梁切除术治疗先天性青光产单纯外路小梁切开术及房角切开术效果好,开辟内、外     

后房人工晶体植入术后视力低于0．5的原因分析

作者对１１１８眼囊外白内障摘除并后房人工晶体植入后视力低于０．５的患眼分两组进行随访。甲组为出院时小孔片视力低于０．５的１０１眼（１０１／１１１８，９．０３％）。乙组为随机选择术后不同时期的１５０只眼。分析两组中视力低下的原因。甲组随访得５３眼（随访率５２．４７％）。其中１２眼随访时视力已≥０．５。而视力仍在０．５以下的４１眼中，３９眼是由原有眼病所致，以眼底病为主；仅２眼与手术并发症有关。乙组随访表明视力低于０．５者共１５限（１５／１５０，１０％），其中１２眼为原有眼病所致，仅３眼与手术有关。两组中导致视力低下的术并发症为虹膜睫状体炎（３眼）及继发性青光眼（２眼）。     

白内障两种类型人工晶体植入临床观察

本文对２５例（２５眼）白内障患者因各种原因后囊膜不完整而术中行睫状沟缝线固定后房型人工晶体植入（Ⅰ组）及对２０例（２１眼）术中行弹性开放襻前房型人工晶体植入（Ⅱ组）的效果进行观察，随访３～４８个月，视力在１．０以上的Ⅰ组中有３眼，占１２％，０．５～０．８有８眼，占３２％，０．１～０．４有１３眼，占５２％，０．１以下者１眼，占４％；而Ⅱ组中视力在１．０以上者有２眼，占９．５％，０．５～０．８有７眼，占３３．３％，０．１～０．４有１０眼，占４７．６％，０．１以下者２眼，占９．５％。术后并发症Ⅰ组中主要有继发性青光眼。慢性虹膜睫状体炎；Ⅱ组中主要有：１．前房出血，２．继发性青光眼，３．虹膜睫状体炎，４．人工晶体上襻脱位。结论：在白内障术中后囊破裂不能常规植入后房型人工晶体时，只要将脱出的玻璃体处理净，手术技术娴熟，植入两种人工晶体均安全可靠。     

超声乳化白内障摘除和折叠人工晶体植入初步报告

目的：对３．２ｍｍ切口行白内障超声乳化同期植入折叠式人工晶体的手术结果行回顾性总结。方法：随机选择白内障２２例２８只眼行上述手术，对术后视力、屈光状态、角膜内皮细胞损失率等进行分析。结果：术后１周矫正视力在１．０以上者２３只眼（８２％），术后３个月矫正视力在１．０以上者２４只眼（８６％），术后角膜内皮细胞损失率１３％，角膜散光在术后１周、１月、３月与术前角膜散光相比，差别无显著性。结论：该手术的主要优点是患者在术后早期获得较好的裸眼视力及矫正视力，角膜散光轻微，同时减少了缝合所需要的时间及消除了缝线引起的不良反应。     

小梁切除联合麻痹性瞳孔缩小成形术

目的介绍急性充血性青光眼行小梁切除的同时对麻痹性散大的瞳孔行缩小成形术的经验。方法急性充血性青光眼造成瞳孔麻痹性散大共２１例（２１只眼）,先行瞳孔缩小成形术,再行小梁切除术。术后随访６～１２个月。结果瞳孔直径由原来的６～７ｍｍ缩小至３～３．６ｍｍ共１９只眼,４～５ｍｍ共２只眼。闭塞的房角重新开放达２／３以上共１５只眼,近１／２共６只眼。眼压控制在正常范围。术后一周视力９０．４８％达术前小孔视力。术后６个月以上视力达０．５～０．８共１２只眼,０．１～０．４共９只眼。结论瞳孔缩小成形术是提高伴有瞳孔麻痹性散大的青光眼患者的术后视力,促使房角重新开放的有效方法。     

改良小梁切除术联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的观察改良小梁切除术联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法选取我院2010年1月至2011年6月青光眼合并白内障患者60例(60眼),均行改良小梁切除术联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术。随访3～6个月,观察患者随访末期的视力、眼压、滤过泡及并发症情况。结果 60例(60眼)患者术前视力<0.1者30眼,0.1～<0.3者18眼,0.3～0.5者12眼;术后至随访末期,除2眼因眼内炎致视力丧失外,其余患者视力均有不同程度提高,其中视力<0.1者9眼,0.1～<0.3者16眼,0.3～<0.5者20眼,0.5及以上者15眼;术前、术后比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后眼压为(14.58±2.32)mmHg(1kPa=7.5mmHg),与术前(29.08±7.59)mmHg相比,差异有显著统计学意义(P<0.01)。术中出现晶状体后囊膜破裂2眼,均未出现玻璃体脱出等其他并发症;术后出现角膜水肿24眼,眼内炎2眼,不同程度前房纤维素样渗出8眼,浅前房6眼。结论改良小梁切除术联合超声乳化人工晶状体植入术治疗青光眼合并白内障可降低眼压、改善视力,且并发症少。     

原发性闭角型青光眼持续高眼压状态下的手术治疗

目的 研究闭角型青光眼持续高眼压状态下小梁切除术的临床效果.方法 对52例(57眼)眼压控制不良的闭角型青光眼进行了联合前房穿刺的小梁切除术.术后1周、1个月、6个月、1年时,观察患者的视力和眼压情况.结果 所有病例术中无脉络膜爆发性出血、恶性青光眼等并发症发生.术后1年,视力低于0.1者17眼,0.1～0.3者20眼,大于0.3者20眼.眼压控制在10～21 mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)者50眼,需要加用局部降眼压药才能控制眼压者7眼,手术成功率87.7%.结论 持续高眼压状态下的闭角型青光眼进行联合前房穿刺的小梁切除术是安全有效的.     

Penetrating keratoplasty for endothelial decompensation in eyes with buphthalmos

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognosis and complications of penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) for corneal decompensation in eyes with buphthalmos and to analyze the risk factors for graft failure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical records of 13 adult and three pediatric patients who underwent PKP for endothelial decompensation with a previous diagnosis of congenital glaucoma of a total of 3,663 corneal transplantations performed in our department between January 1987 and December 2001 were reviewed retrospectively. During the study period, a total of 33 PKPs was performed in 20 eyes with buphthalmos. The median age of the patients at the time of PKP was 39 years (range, 3 to 72). All patients had a history of intraocular surgery, including multiple glaucoma surgeries, cataract extraction, and PKP. The impact of pre-, intra-, and postoperative factors on graft failure and duration of graft clarity was analyzed. RESULTS: Fifty-five percent (11/20) of the eyes received only one graft, 25% (5/20) received two, and 20% (4/20) received three grafts. During a mean follow-up of 87.2 months (range, 4.5-72), graft failure occurred in 18 of 33 grafts (54%). Seven (7/18, 39%) had immunologic graft rejection, and 11 (11/18, 61%) had nonimmunologic graft failure. At the end of the follow-up, 75% (15/20) of the eyes had clear grafts. Duration of graft clarity was found to be significantly shorter in regrafts compared with that of primary grafts (27.0 +/- 27.7 versus 56.4 +/- 41.0 months, p= 0.02). After PKP, intraocular pressure (IOP) was uncontrolled in 12 (12/33, 36%) grafts. Nine of 20 eyes (45%) required an average of 3.2 cyclodestructive procedures per eye for pharmacologically resistant elevated IOP. The final postoperative vision improved in 70% (14/20) of the eyes and the best visual acuity postoperatively (75% > or =20/400) was significantly better than the preoperative visual acuity (25% > or =20/400, p= 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: Endothelial decompensation due to congenital glaucoma is a very rare indication for PKP. The incidence of graft failure is high, and nonimmunologic reasons are the leading causes of graft failure in this high-risk population. Visual acuity can be significantly improved but is usually still very limited by advanced glaucomatous optic nerve damage and amblyopia. Efficient control of IOP before and after PKP is mandatory in eyes with buphthalmos to avoid graft failure and progress of glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy.     

Visual outcome of cataract surgery in children with congenital rubella syndrome.

PURPOSE: To evaluate visual outcome after cataract surgery in children with congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 40 eyes of 22 children with CRS who underwent cataract surgery. Thirty-six eyes underwent lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy, and 4 eyes underwent extracapsular cataract extraction with primary posterior capsulectomy. The median age at surgery was 6 months, and median duration of postoperative follow up was 68.5 months. Each follow-up visit consisted of visual acuity estimation, refraction, anterior and posterior segment examination, and intraocular pressure measurements. RESULTS: Visual acuity at final follow up was 6/24 or better in 6 (15.0%) eyes, and 22 (55.0%) eyes had visual acuity less than 3/60. Postoperative complications included transient corneal edema in 18 (45.0%) eyes, glaucoma in 5 (12.5%) eyes, after cataract in 1 (2.5%) eye, and hyphema in 1 (2.5%) eye. Ocular disorders affecting visual outcome included stimulus deprivation amblyopia, glaucoma, optic atrophy, corneal opacity, and after cataract. Associated systemic disorders included neurological problems in 15 (68.2%), hearing loss in 12 (54.6%), cardiovascular problems in 9 (40.9%), and speech abnormalities in 7 (31.8%) children. CONCLUSIONS: The less-than-optimal postoperative visual outcome suggests the need to look at primary prevention of rubella, especially in developing countries.     

小切口小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除术治疗青光眼合并白内障

目的　探讨 3 5mm小切口小梁切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除后房型人工晶状体植入术 (三联手术 )治疗青光眼合并白内障患者的效果。方法　应用小切口三联手术对 2 0例 (2 6只眼 )青光眼合并白内障患者进行手术治疗。术后随访 3～ 41个月 ,平均 16 1个月。结果　术前平均眼压(2 3 0 1± 2 6 3)mmHg(1mmHg =0 133kPa) ,术后随访最终平均眼压降至 (13 93± 1 85 )mmHg(P <0 0 0 1)。术后随访最终矫正视力范围 0 0 5～ 1 0 ,其中≥ 0 6者 17只眼 (6 5 % ) ,术后平均散光度0 81D ,其中 4只眼无散光度。术后早期 2只眼使用降眼压药物 ,随访后期无使用者。术后早期并发症角膜水肿 5只眼 (19% ) ,浅前房 3只眼 (12 % ) ;晚期并发症后发性白内障 6只眼 (2 3% )。结论　小切口三联手术治疗青光眼合并白内障患者 ,具有恢复有用视力、稳定眼压、减少术后用药、并发症少等理想效果。     

Time of diagnosis, reoperations and longterm results of goniotomy in the treatment of primary congenital glaucoma: a clinical study

Purpose: The aim of our study was to get information about the development of visual acuity, visual field and cupdisc ratio of patients with primary congenital glaucoma after IOP-regulating goniotomy by means of a katamnestic inquiry. The preoperative conditions of IOP, corneal diameter and corneal opacity were related to postoperative findings of visual acuity, visual field and cup-disc ratio reported by the treating ophthalmologists. Methods: 196 patients were contacted, who had a goniotomy in the period from 1965 to 1983 at the University Eye Hospital Würzburg. Out of the 92 returned replies, the address of the treating ophthalmologists could be ascertained from 77 patients. Sixty of the 77 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria: (1) primary congenital glaucoma and (2) IOP-regulating goniotomy as last surgery. Results: I. In 76% of 106 eyes childhood glaucoma was diagnosed during the first year of life. II. In 72% of 60 eyes/patients with primary congenital glaucoma one goniotomy was sufficient to reach a normal IOP. In 18% a second and in 10% a third goniotomy was necessary, but without influence on the visual outcome. III. Even in the groups of eyes with a preoperative IOP of more than 40 mmHg, preoperative corneal diameter of more than 13 mm and preoperative severe corneal opacity more than 50% reached a visual acuity of 0.4–1.2 and more than 80% had a normal visual field. Only 9% of the eyes showed a cup-disc ratio of 0.6 or more. Conclusions: In primary congenital glaucoma even eyes with high preoperative IOP, large corneal diameters and severe corneal edemas had a good prognosis of visual outcome after goniotomy.Abbreviations CDR cup-disc ratio - LTG low tension glaucoma - PCG primary congenital glaucoma - PG pigmentary glaucoma - VA visual acuity - VF visual field This study was presented in part at the annual meeting of the Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, ARVO, 1996 Fort Lauderdale, Florida, Poster-No. 1903     

Array多焦点人工晶状体的初步观察

目的 初步评估Array多焦点人工晶状体的有效性。方法 从我院住院的白内障患者中选择合适的病例。男4例4眼,女6例7眼,行标准超声乳化白内障摘出术联合Array人工晶状体植入术,观察患者术后的远、近视力,角膜曲率,及视觉症状,结果 术后最好视力平均值：非矫正远视力为0.8,最佳矫正远视力为0.9,非矫正近视力为0.5,用视远的矫正度数矫正的近视力为0.6,最佳矫正近视力为0.9。角膜散光术前及术后无法小于1.5D。1例（9.1%)患者夜间有眩光。结论 Array人工晶状体可以同时提供良好的远视力和近视力,进一步的结论还有待大组病例的长期观察。     

The Preliminary Clinical Observation of Array Multifocal Intraocular Lens Implantation

Purpose :To evaluate the clinical effects of implantation of Array multifocal intraocular lenses.Methods : Thirty-one cases (37 eyes) of cataract patients, including 15 males(19 eyes) and 16 females(18 eyes), were involved in this study. All patients underwent standard phacoemulsification with Array multifocal intraocular lens implantation. The complications during operation, postoperative distant visual acuity, near visual acuity, corneal curvature and visual symptoms were observed.Results : the mean value of best postoperative visual acuity was recorded as follows: uncorrected distant visual acuity was 0. 8, the best-corrected distant visual acuity was 0. 9, uncorrected near visual acuity was 0. 5, near visual acuity with distant-corrected was 0. 6, the best-corrected near visual acuity wss 0. 9. The astigmatism of cornea was less than 1. 5 D pre-operatively and post-operatively. One patient complained of glare. Conclusion :Array multifocal intraocular lens can provide good distant and near visual acui     

超声乳化联合房角分离术治疗闭角型青光眼术后合并白内障

目的观察超声乳化白内障吸出后房型人工晶状体植入术联合房角分离术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼患者小梁切除术后合并白内障患者的临床疗效。方法前瞻性研究方法。纳入符合条件的手术患者35例（38只眼）,行透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化吸除联合后房型人工晶状体植入术并房角分离术,随访6个月至1年,比较观察手术前后视力、眼压情况、中央前房变化情况和房角开放情况。结果所有患者术后视力均有提高。患者术前平均眼压（16．91±3．44）mmHg,术后平均（11．82±2．52）mmHg,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;术前中央前房深度平均（2．10±0．19）mm,术后平均（3．31±0．28）mm,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。术前周边前房深度〈1／2 CT者29只眼,术后28只眼周边前房深度≥1CT。术后房角关闭所在象限均有不同程度的开放,周边虹膜粘连范围明显缩小。2只眼前房出血,3只眼前房渗出,1只眼发生后囊膜破裂,无恶性青光眼、角膜失代偿等并发症。结论超声乳化自内障吸出人工晶状体植入术联合房角分离术治疗青光眼合并白内障患者可有效的降低眼压。     

原发性闭角型青光眼高眼压下复合式小梁切除术的疗效

目的：探讨高眼压下原发性闭角型青光眼采用复合式小梁切除术治疗的临床疗效。
　　方法：选取33例34眼原发性闭角型青光眼患者均实行复合式小梁切除术,其中A组：18例18眼患者经联合用药48~72 h后,眼压仍在35 mmHg以上,在高眼压下施行复合式小梁切除术;B组：15例16眼患者经过药物治疗后眼压降至21 mmHg以下,施行复合式小梁切除术。术后观察视力、眼压。
　　结果：患者34眼均顺利完成手术,未发生爆发性脉络膜出血等严重的并发症。术后随访6~18mo,两组患者手术前后视力均有明显改善,分别由术前0.02±0.01、0.04±0.02提高到0.2±0.06、0.3±0.07,差异有统计学意义( P<0.01);30眼眼压均控制在9~23mmHg,3眼联合降眼压药物后眼压控制正常,1眼滤过失败, A、B组患者术后眼压较术前明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),基本降至正常,分别为17.9±9.1、15.4±8.4mmHg,两组患者术后眼压无统计学差异(P>0.05)。
　　结论：对于持续高眼压下的原发性闭角型青光眼,应果断考虑高眼压下施行复合式小梁切除术,以防视功能进一步损害甚至丧失。只要术前全面考虑,术中精心操作,术后仔细护理,持续高眼压下的原发性闭角型青光眼施行复合式小梁切除术是安全、有效的。