全国社区卫生服务体系建设重点联系城市工作进展和成效

全国社区卫生服务体系建设重点联系城市工作开展3年以来,在完善政策制度、健全网络体系、增加财政投入,加强人才培养,提高服务功能,推进机制改革及应对突发公共卫生事件等方面所取得的显著成效,并为全国的社区卫生服务的发展起到示范作用.     

全国社区卫生服务体系建设重点联系城市工作进展与成效

全国社区卫生服务体系建设重点联系城市工作开展3年以来,在完善政策制度、健全网络体系、增加财政投入,加强人才培养,提高服务功能,推进机制改革及应对突发公共卫生事件等方面所取得的显著成效,并为全国的社区卫生服务的发展起到示范作用。     

社区卫生服务规范化管理及监管指标研究过程

社区卫生服务的体系完善和功能落实需要通过规范化管理来实现，规范化管理主要是通过有效的制度建设、落实和执行来实现。在卫生改革和卫生体系的建设发展中，社区卫生服务将成为我国基本卫生服务体系建设的重点，各级政府在提供政策支持和措施保障的同时，加强对社区卫生服务的规范管理和评价是保证社区卫生服务规范化建设及可持续发展的主要手段。     

社区卫生服务规范化管理及监管指标研究过程

<正>社区卫生服务的体系完善和功能落实需要通过规范化管理来实现,规范化管理主要是通过有效的制度建设、落实和执行来实现。在卫生改革和卫生体系的建设发展中,社区卫生服务将成为我国基本卫生服务体系建设的重点,各级政府在提供政策支持和措施保障的同时,加强对社区卫生服务的规范管理和评价是保证社区卫生服务规范化建设及可持续发展的主要手段。     

重点联系城市社区卫生服务体系建设现状分析及建议

通过现场调研和基线调查,发现重点联系城市的社区卫生服务网络体系初步形成,政府财政投入明显改善,社区卫生服务运行机制改革取得进展,社区卫生服务与医疗保险制度逐步衔接。但仍存在社区卫生体系建设发展不平衡,缺乏吸引优秀人才留在社区的长效机制,制度之间缺乏有效衔接等问题。建议加强理论和实践的结合,创新社区卫生服务的管理体制和运行机制。     

济南市社区卫生服务机构现状及服务提供研究

目的 对济南市社区卫生服务开展情况及相关材料数据进行系统分析和研究.为进一步完善济南市社区卫生服务体系建设提供依据.方法 2007年8月通过问卷对济南市辖区的所有社区卫生服务机构进行全面的基线调查.结果 济南市的社区卫生服务体系已初步形成,多数社区卫生服务机构的软、硬件条件基本能够满足社区卫生服务的需要;但在社区卫生服务机构政策,机构建设等基本条件等方面仍存在不足.结论 应明确社区卫生服务机构的合法地位:更加合理分配社区卫生资源;加强社区卫生服务机构的硬件设施.完善基本功能;加强全科医学培训,提高卫生人员业务水平;增加财政支持,确保社区卫生服务"六位一体"功能的全面实施.     

医改和城乡统筹背景下,加强社区卫生服务能力建设的思考

社区卫生服务是新医改和城乡统筹的关键环节,同时医改和城乡统筹也给社区卫生发展带来了很好的机遇.抓住机遇加强社区卫生服务能力建设,完善服务功能,使其有能力为广大居民提供"有效、经济、方便、综合、连续"的卫生服务,担当起城市公共卫生体系和基本医疗服务体系的网底角色,真正发挥起"守门人"的作用.     

城市居民对社区卫生服务的认同度及其评价研究——问题与对策

本文通过分析我国城市社区卫生服务存在的主要问题,进而提出加强城市社区卫生服务的对策和出路,包括强化政府责任,加快社区卫生服务体系建设,重视社区卫生服务人才培养,确保重要制度的实施以及加强社区卫生服务机构内部管理等.     

不同举办主体社区卫生机构政策支撑条件分析

目的通过对不同举办主体社区卫生服务机构的财政投入、房屋来源以及人才队伍建设等方面的比较,了解不同举办类型机构的投入状况.方法 从全国社区卫生服务体系建设重点联系城市中,分层随机抽取南京等6个城市,收集社区卫生服务中心的定量数据;在部分城市,通过查阅文件、深入访谈及专题小组座谈,收集定性资料.结果 在财政投入及房屋来源方面,政府直接举办和政府所属医疗机构举办的机构状况较好;社会团体或个人举办的机构,发展支撑条件较差,P=0.00.结论 应坚持政府主导、社会参与的社区卫生服务发展原则,对不同举办主体的社区卫生服务机构一视同仁,将工作重点放在完善政策措施、落实经费补偿、加强绩效考核与服务监管等方面,充分发挥非政府举办的社区卫生服务机构的作用.     

石河子市社区卫生服务体系建设投入分析

目的:了解新疆兵团农八师石河子市社区卫生服务体系建设投入情况、总结经验、分析存在问题并提出政策建议.方法:定性调查与定量调查相结合.对主要利益相关者进行深入访谈.利用不同抽样方法抽取样本进行问卷调查.对调查数据进行统计描述和分析.结果:石河子市在政策、财政、房屋、设备、人力和信息6个方面进行了全面投入.政府财政投入由2005年不足50万增加至2007年的1 000多万元.社区卫生服务体系初步形成.但是,社区卫生服务体系内涵建设尚不完善.结论:政府高度重视社区卫生服务,财政投入显著增加.社区卫生服务体系在房屋、人员、设备和运行等方面得到初步保障,但内涵建设需进一步加强.     

Trends in meningococcal disease in Italy in 1988

Meningococcal disease in Italy decreased 15% in 1988 from the previous year (290 vs. 342 cases). The decline was particularly evident in military cases (1.7/100,000 in 1988 vs. 5/100,000 in 1987) reflecting the full coverage of bivalent serogroup (A + C) meningococcal polysaccaride vaccine in army recruits, achieved since January 1988. The highest proportion of cases was seen in people older than 25 years of age (25%). Serogroup C constituted 60% of the isolates, while 19% belonged to serogroup B. The proportion of strains resistant to sulphonamides was 45%, while 15% were resistant to Minocycline and none to Rifampin. Out of the five military cases, only one (due to serogroup C) was attributable to the vaccine failure. A single coprimary case, but no secondary cases occurred among civilians. These findings are consistent with the trends reported in Italy in the previous years.     

Benzene in blood and phenol in urine in monitoring benzene exposure in industry

Determinations of benzene concentration in blood and of phenol in urine were made by head-space gas chromatography techniques on samples taken near the end of the work day from two groups of workers potentially exposed to low levels of benzene in the work-place atmosphere. Preliminary results suggest that benzene in blood is more reliable than phenol tests for assessing both exposure and uptake of benzene. Normal values of phenol in urine (10 mg/liter or less) were found in nearly all those cases in which benzene was detected in the blood.     

2015年郑州市饮用水放射性水平状况调查

目的了解郑州市不同地区、不同季节、不同水源类型的放射性水平。方法分别于丰水期和枯水期采集郑州市区黄河水源水、井水源水、丹江口水源水、出厂水和末梢水各一份;以县为单位,每单位采集出厂水、末梢水、水库水、河水、井水各1份,按《生活饮用水生活标准检验方法》(GB/T 5750.13-2006)检测饮用水中总α和总β放射性水平,依据《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)进行判定。结果丰水期、枯水期水体总α、总β放射性水平均低于国家标准限值。结论郑州市不同水源类型均处于正常的天然放射性本底水平。     

Occupational stress in nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan

Nurses are known to be exposed to occupational stress. However, occupational stress is not well documented for nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the work-related stress and risk factors of nurses in psychiatric institutions in Taiwan. A structured questionnaire was distributed to nurses at five state-owned psychiatric hospitals in Taiwan in 2001. Demographic information, working environment, and personal health status were inquired. Occupational stress was assessed based on the Chinese version of Job Content Questionnaire (JCQ). General health status and mental health were evaluated by the International Quality of Life Assessment Short Form-36 (IQOLA SF-36). A total of 573 questionnaires were disseminated to nurses and 518 (90.4%) were satisfactorily completed by nurses, including 408 female full-time nurses who had been in their current work for more than 6 months. In the past one month, 17.2% of nurses reported being under significant stress often or always. Assault episodes were reported by 45.1% of nurses in the past 6 months. Among the nurses, 16.9%, 25.2%, 50.0%, and 7.8% belong to the "High strain", "Low strain", "Active", and "Passive" groups, respectively. Perceived occupational stress was associated with young age, widowed/divorced/separated marital status, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and threat of assault at work. Lower general health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, and perceived occupational stress. A lower mental health score was associated with low job control, high psychological demand, low workplace support, and perceived occupational stress. We concluded that nurses in psychiatric institutions are under significant stress related to work factors.     

Changes in nursing administration in supporting transplantation in Brazil

This historical and bibliographic study aimed to understand how Nursing was organized to support care in transplantation. The HISA, LILACS, BDENF, PERIENF and DEDALUS databases were consulted, and thirteen references were found, ten of which were scientific articles, two were master's dissertations and one was a doctoral thesis. The span of time chosen for study ranges from the date of the first kidney transplant in Brazil (1965), to the date of publication of the last scientific article found in the databases mentioned above (2003). After reading these articles, the ones that were similar in topic were grouped together, thus creating the thematic axis for the presentation of the results. The results showed that the Nursing profession has played an important and active role in transplants ever since the first procedure in 1965.     

2019年中国肿瘤流行病学研究进展

恶性肿瘤已成为中国居民的主要死因之一。近些年来,中国政府积极推进肿瘤预防和控制领域的研究工作,取得了很大的进步。本文简要汇总中国在肿瘤流行病学领域的研究进展,具体包括2019年的肿瘤负担、癌症危险因素及其干预、筛查和早期发现、癌症防治专项行动(2019-2022年)方案等方面,以期为我国肿瘤防治工作的有效开展提供技术支撑和理论依据。     

2012年绵阳市蔬菜中农药残留状况

目的 了解绵阳市2012年市售蔬菜中农药残留情况,为食用蔬菜监管提供依据.方法 全部样品均按照GB/T 5009-2003的方法进行农药的残留检测.依据GB 2763-2005《食品中农药最大残留限量》进行判定.结果 2012年共检测蔬菜165份,农药检出率和超标率分别为72.12％和23.64％.豆类、根茎类、叶菜类、瓜果菜类和食用菌类蔬菜检测农药残留超标率分别为8.00％、23.53％、36.00％、5.26％和27.03％,差异有统计学意义(x2=11.41,P＜0.01).不同种类农药超标率差异有统计学意义(x2 =62.42,P＜0.01).夏季和冬季蔬菜农药超标率差异无统计学意义(x2=3.44,P＞0.05).结论 绵阳市叶菜类蔬菜中农药残留情况较为严重,应采取有效措施,加强蔬菜的监督管理,从源头禁止高毒农药的使用,加大蔬菜种植、销售环节的监测,确保市民食用蔬菜的安全.