α-硫辛酸降低糖尿病大鼠肾脏氧化应激水平

将大鼠分成正常对照（NC）组、糖尿病（DM）组及糖尿病加α-硫辛酸（DM＋ALA）组进行实验。4周后DM组24小时尿白蛋白（UAlb/24h）、肾重/体重（KW/BW）和丙二醛（MDA）含量均较NC组增加，总超氧化物歧化酶（TSOD）活性降低，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性升高，过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性无变化；DM＋ALA组较DM组UAlb/24h、KW/BW和MDA水平降低，TSOD、GSH-Px和CAT活性无改变。结果说明，ALA能减低DM大鼠肾皮质氧化应激水平，延缓糖尿病肾病进展。     

糖耐量正常的2型糖尿病一级亲属氧化应激水平与胰岛素敏感性的相关性研究

目的观察2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者及糖耐量正常的T2DM一级亲属（FDRs）体内氧化应激状态,探讨氧化应激与胰岛素敏感性之间的关系。方法检测外周血清丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—PX）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、8-异前列腺素F2a（8-isoPGF2a）水平,高胰岛素正葡萄糖钳夹技术评估胰岛素敏感性。结果T2DM组、FDRs组较NC组MDA、8-isoPGF2a水平升高（P〈0．05）,而血GSH—PX、SOD水平降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;MDA、8iso—PGF2a与葡萄糖输注速率（GIR）呈明显负相关（r=-0．415和-0．443,P〈0．05）,GSH—PX、SOD与GIR呈明显正相关（r=0．327和0．439,P〈0．05）。结论T2DM患者及糖耐量正常的T2DM一级亲属存在氧化应激状态的改变,且与胰岛素敏感性密切相关。     

2型糖尿病肾病患者血清内脂素水平的变化及其与氧化应激的关系

目的观察2型糖尿病肾病(T2DN)患者血清内脂素水平的变化及其与氧化应激的关系。方法分别测定30例正常对照组(NC组)、单纯2型糖尿病(T2DM组)、T2DN组患者血清内脂素、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)的水平。结果 T2DM组血清内脂素和MDA明显高于NC组(均P<0.01),T2DN组血清内脂素和MDA明显高于T2DM组(均P<0.01)。T2DN组血清SOD和CAT明显低于T2DM组(P<0.01),T2DN患者血清内脂素与体质指数(BMI)、空腹血糖(FPG)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、HOMA-IR、甘油三酯(TG)和MDA呈明显正相关(r=0.418,r=0.475,r=0.359,r=0.427,r=0.518,r=0.522,均P<0.01),与SOD和CAT呈明显负相关(r=-0.583,r=-0.469,均P<0.01)。结论T2DN患者血清内脂素水平升高,同时存在氧化应激,内脂素与氧化应激相互作用和相互影响,共同参与T2DN的发生发展。     

糖尿病大鼠骨骼肌线粒体氧化应激改变及干预治疗

目的 探讨线粒体氧化应激在糖尿病骨骼肌病变发生、发展巾的作用及抗氧化剂的防治效果.方法 雄性Wistar大鼠经链脲佐菌素(STZ,45 mg/kg)诱导建立糖尿病动物模型,随机分为糖尿病未十预(DM)组、胰岛素干预(INS)组、α-硫辛酸干预(α-LA)组,每组24只,同时设正常对照(NC)组(n=24).于4、8、12周时各处死大鼠8只,测定线粒体氧化应激指标谷胱汁肽(GSH)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、锰一超氧化物歧化酶(Mn-SOD)和丙二醛(MDA).结果 与NC组相比,DM组大鼠4、8、12周时骨骼肌线粒体GSH的含量明显F降(P<0.05),INS组和α-LA组较DM组明显上升.4周时4组间骨骼肌线粒体Mn·SOD活性无差异.8、12周时DM组Mn-SOD的活性比同期NC组明显下降(P<0.05).α-LA组比DM组明显升高(P<0.01).CAT活性的变化与Mn-SOD活性变化相类似.DM组MDA的含量比NC组明显增加,应用α-LA干预后MDA含量下降(P<0.05).NC组从4周到12周骨骼肌线粒体GSH、Mn-SOD活性、CAT活性和MDA含量稳定在同一水平(P>0.05);DM组随着病程的增加骨骼肌线粒体GSH、Mn-SOD活性、CAT活性逐渐下降,MDA含量逐渐上升,12周时与4、8周时比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);α-LA组各项指标纵向比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 高血糖所致的线粒体氧化应激损伤在糖尿病骨骼肌病变的发生、发展中起重要作用,α-硫辛酸可减弱线粒体氧化应激损伤.     

2型糖尿病与铁营养状况相关性研究

选取初次就诊的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者和健康对照者各85例,测定血清铁蛋白（SF）、血清铁（SI）、总铁结合力（TIBC）、转铁蛋白饱和度（TS）、血清超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-PX）活性,以及血清丙二醛（MDA）浓度。与对照组相比,T2DM患者SF、SI和TS水平显著升高（P〈0.01）,TIBC显著降低（P〈0.01）,SOD和GSH-PX活性明显升高（均为P〈0.01）,血清MDA水平也明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）。显示调查的T2DM患者铁负荷较高,并伴随抗氧化酶活性升高而升高,可能与T2DM的发病有关。     

α-亚麻酸对糖尿病大鼠血管功能和氧化应激的影响

目的:观察α-亚麻酸（ALA）对糖尿病(DM)大鼠血管功能和氧化应激的影响,探讨ALA在DM血管并发症防治中的作用。方法: 将30只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组、DM模型组和ALA治疗组［500 μg/(kg·d)］,每组10只。10只雄性SD大鼠以高脂饮食喂养4周后,腹腔注射链脲佐菌素（STZ）30 mg/kg建立Ⅱ型DM（T2DM）模型。4周后分离降主动脉,进行离体血管灌流观察血管的舒张功能,利用试剂盒测定灌流液中NO的含量以及血管组织中丙二醛（MDA）的含量、超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性。结果: 与正常对照组相比,DM大鼠主动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能和NO的含量显著下降(P<0.01),ALA治疗可有效地减轻DM大鼠血管内皮功能障碍,增加NO的含量（均P<0.01）。另外,与正常对照组相比,DM大鼠血管组织中MDA的含量增加(P<0.01),抗氧化酶SOD和CAT的活性下降(P<0.01);ALA治疗可显著降低DM大鼠血管组织中MDA的含量(P<0.05),增加抗氧化酶SOD和CAT的活性(P<0.01)。结论: ALA可显著改善T2DM模型大鼠的血管内皮舒张功能障碍,其机制可能与减轻血管组织的氧化应激有关。     

2型糖尿病患者氧化应激状况及影响因素分析

目的分析2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者氧化应激的状况及影响因素。方法测定92例T2DM患者和56名非糖尿病对照者的血清活性氧活力、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、空腹血糖（FPG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）,并测量血压、身高、体重,计算出体质指数（BMI）。比较T2DM组与对照组氧化应激的状况,并对其影响因素进行多元逐步回归分析。结果T2DM组与对照组相比血清活性氧活力增强（P〈0.05）,MDA增高（P〈0.05）,GSH、SOD降低（P均〈0.05）;多元逐步回归分析显示：血脂水平,尤其是TG和HDL-C水平是影响氧化应激的重要因素。结论T2DM患者存在氧化应激的增强,且与高TG相关。     

新诊断的2型糖尿病患者胰岛素强化治疗前后氧化应激水平的变化

目的评价新诊断的2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者胰岛素强化治疗前后氧化应激水平的变化。方法30例新诊断的T2DM患者采用胰岛素泵强化治疗,治疗前后进行超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH—Px）、丙二醛（MDA）水平测定。结果胰岛素泵强化治疗后,患者血浆中的SOD、GSH—Px水平明显上升（P〈0．01）、MDA水平明显下降（P〈0．01）。结论新诊断的T2DM患者胰岛素强化治疗后氧化应激水平明显降低。     

卡维地洛对正常大鼠氧化应激的影响

目的研究β受体阻滞剂卡维地洛对正常大鼠氧化应激的抑制能力。方法采用分光光度法测定大鼠血清及肝组织中SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性和MDA含量的变化,研究卡维地洛对正常大鼠氧化应激的影响。结果卡维地洛能够使正常大鼠的血液中GSH-Px、CAT活性显著升高,肝脏组织中SOD活性显著升高,MDA含量明显降低。结论卡维地洛能够抑制正常大鼠的氧化应激。     

黄芩素对糖尿病大鼠胰岛功能的影响及其机制探讨

目的 观察黄芩素对糖尿病大鼠血糖及胰岛细胞功能的影响,并初步探讨其可能的机制。方法 制备2型糖尿病大鼠模型。Wistar大鼠按随机数字表法随机分为正常对照组(NC组)、模型组(DM组)和黄芩素组(BAI组)。DM组及BAI组注射链脲佐菌素(STZ,25mg/kg)2次,间隔1周进行造模;NC组注射相应剂量柠檬酸盐缓冲液。造模成功后BAI组给予黄芩素250mg/kg灌胃;NC组及DM组用相同容量的生理盐水灌胃。每日灌胃1次,连续灌胃8周。检测各组大鼠的空腹血糖(FBG)及空腹血清胰岛素水平(FINS)水平。制备胰腺组织匀浆,测定胰腺组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,同时以WesternBlot法测定各组cleavedCaspase-3的表达情况。结果 与NC组比较,DM组大鼠FBG水平、MDA含量及cleavedCaspase-3表达升高,FINS水平、SOD活性降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与DM组比较,BAI组FBG水平、MDA含量及cleavedCaspase-3表达降低,FINS水平、SOD活性升高(P<0.05)。结论 黄芩素治疗能使糖尿病大鼠的血糖降低,并增加其胰岛细胞分泌胰岛素,其机制可能与黄芩素可降低胰腺氧化应激水平,抑制胰岛细胞凋亡有关。     

Mental disorders in patients with obesity in comparison with healthy probands

OBJECTIVE: Findings concerning the association of obesity and mental disorders are inconsistent. The present epidemiological study investigates adjusted 4-week, 12-month, and lifetime prevalence rates of mental disorders in obese individuals compared with physically healthy probands and overweight individuals. Correlates of the associations are examined. METHODS: Prevalence rates were calculated from two large epidemiological surveys from both the general population of Germany and inpatient centers. The surveys investigated subjects with obesity (n=910) and overweight (n=1550), as well as physically healthy probands (n=495). The prevalence rates were based on the Munich-composite international diagnostic interview, a standardized interview for the assessment of mental disorders. Correlates of mental disorders in obese individuals were assessed using self-report questionnaires and medical examinations. RESULTS: The adjusted odds ratios (OR) of obese inpatients and obese patients from the general population were significantly elevated in comparison with healthy probands for the 4-week (OR: 2.2; 2.3), 12-month (OR: 1.8; 2.7) and lifetime (OR: 1.4; 2.0) periods. Prevalence rates of overweight individuals were below those of obese individuals. Mood, anxiety and somatoform disorders were most frequent. In particular, sex, marital status and comorbid musculoskeletal diseases proved to be correlates of an increased risk for mental disorders in obese individuals. The presence of comorbid mental disorders was associated with significantly increased health care use and lower quality of life. CONCLUSIONS: There is a strong relationship between obesity and mental disorders. A future task is to improve care of mental disorders in patients with obesity.     

Therapy with budesonide in patients with refractory sprue

INTRODUCTION: Refractory sprue (RS) is a rare malabsorption syndrome, which often requires long-term corticosteroid treatment. Locally acting budesonide could replace systemic corticosteroid therapy and reduce toxicity in patients with RS. Aims: To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of budesonide in patients with RS. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Clinical and histological data from patients with RS who received budesonide were analyzed. RS was defined as villous atrophy and malabsorption in spite of a strict gluten-free diet persisting for >6 months or requiring earlier therapeutic intervention. RESULTS: We identified 9 patients (1 with autoimmune enteropathy, 4 with RS type I without and 3 with RS type II with signs of early T cell lymphoma and 1 with CD4-positive sprue-like intestinal T cell lymphoma), who received 9 mg/day of budesonide (range 6-12) for 24 months (1-60), and 7 of whom had an initial treatment with 40 mg/day of prednisolone (30-60) for 4 months (1-144). The initial body mass index was 18 (13.1-22.8) and increased similarly under prednisolone [21.5 (14.9-26.7), p < 0.05] and budesonide therapy [21 (18-27.2), p < 0.05]. The stool frequency per day also decreased similarly from 6 (2-8) to 2 (1-3) and 2 (1-5), each p < 0.05, under prednisolone and budesonide therapy, respectively. Two patients with RS type II did not respond and 7, including all 4 with RS type I, were clinically stable with budesonide therapy. Skin fragility in 1 patient was the only adverse effect of budesonide therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Budesonide may be an effective treatment option in patients with RS type I, which can stabilize the clinical condition similar to prednisolone.     

Gammagraphy with sucralfate labelled with technetium in esophagitis

In previous studies it has been reported that, after being labeled with technetium, sucralfate, an useful drug in peptic diseases, can be used to detect peptic lesions of the digestive tract. In this work we report our experience with this technique in the diagnosis of esophagitis. 25 studies (11 controls and 14 patients) were undertaken. Sucralfate scintigraphy was normal in the 11 control studies, and abnormal in 10 out of 14 patients. Scintigraphy was abnormal in peptic as well as caustic lesions.     

Metabolic remission with octreotide in patients with insulinoma

Abstract. Objectives . The efficacy of octreotide was studied in a group of patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma. Design . A phase-II study Setting . A university department of internal medicine. Subjects . Seven patients with biochemical evidence of insulinoma and without metastatic lesions. Intervention . Daily treatment with octreotide, a somatostatin analogue, mainly within the dosage of 100–300 μg day^-1. The treatment was continued in patients with biochemical evidence of response or until surgery was undertaken. Main outcome . Five patients avoided hypoglycaemic symptoms and had normalization of blood glucose values for a median of 15+ months (range 0.2–54 months). Two did not improve metabolically. The treatment was well tolerated and had no deleterious effects on blood glucose regulation. Conclusion . Octreotide seems to be a promising treatment for many of the patients with insulinoma who are not suitable for surgery.     

Polymyositis-like syndrome with rhabdomyolysis in association with brucellosis

Diffuse myositis with progression to rhabdomyolysis has been reported in association with wide range of viral infections. We report a case of polymyositis-like syndrome complicated by rhabdomyolysis secondary to brucellosis. This case report thus contributes yet another atypical presentation to a disease already infamous for its protean manifestations.     

Changes in coagulation parameters with exercise in patients with classic hemophilia

Vigorous exercise is known to increase VIII:C and VIIIR:Ag levels transiently in normal individuals. Although exercise programs are frequently advocated in the management of hemophilia, the effects of exercise on coagulation parameters in these patients have not been well studied. Eleven hemophiliacs were exercised on a bicycle ergometer to maximum voluntary effort as evidenced by an increase in pulse, blood pressure, and plasma catecholamine (norepinephrine and epinephrine) levels. The effects of this exercise on coagulation parameters, including functional and antigenic components of the factor VIII molecule, were determined. The entire group demonstrated a decrease in mean prothrombin time (11.7 to 11.2 sec). Four mild hemophiliacs demonstrated an increase in mean VIII:C (14.5% to 17.3%), and VIII:CAg (12% to 17.8%). Changes in VIII:C and VIII:CAg were not noted in the seven severe hemophiliacs. Both severe and mild patients demonstrated significant changes in fibrinogen, factor II, and factor VII after exercise. This study indicates that submaximal exercise modifies coagulation parameters in patients with hemophilia.