人工全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨人工全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法对52例应用人工全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折患者临床资料进行回顾性分析,并对骨水泥固定16例与未用骨水泥固定18例的临床疗效进行比较。结果随访时间1-10年,平均5年6个月。根据Harris髋关节评分标准,骨水泥组疗效：优11例,良8例,尚可4例,差2例;非骨水泥组疗效：优11例,良10例,尚可5例,差1例。结论人工全髋关节置换术是老年股骨颈骨折的理想治疗方法．府用骨水泥固定与非骨水泥方法．两者疗效并无显著善异．     

生物型和骨水泥型股骨假体全髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的临床效果对比

目的：对比老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折使用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄行全髋关节置换术治疗效果。方法对本组进行老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折100例（100髋）进行的全髋关节置换术根据手术方式分为A组（股骨假体柄骨水泥型全髋关节置换术,60髋）, B组（股骨假体柄生物型全髋关节置换术,40髋）。对比两组髋关节功能、关节活动度、髋关节影像学特点及术后疼痛情况。结果老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,采用生物型股骨假体柄与骨水泥型股骨假体柄的全髋关节置换术临床疗效对比差异显著（ P＜0.05）。结论对于老年骨质疏松股骨颈骨折行全髋关节置换术,应用骨水泥型者股骨假体柄术后近期疗效明显优于生物型,但它有诱发深静脉血栓栓塞和骨水泥危象的风险。     

骨水泥固定的人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折36例分析

我科自1998年以来应用骨水泥固定的人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折36例,随访20例,效果满意,报告如下。1 临床资料1.1 一般资料 本组患者36例,其中男26例,女10例;年龄最小50岁,最大者78岁;新鲜股骨颈骨折9例,陈旧性股骨颈骨折27例。头颈粉碎型1例,头下型28例,经颈型7例。采用假体:钴铬钼合金人工股骨头。全部病例的人工股骨头假体均用骨水泥固定。1.2 手术方法     

非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折

目的探讨非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效与注意事项。方法回顾性分析自2016-01—2019-12采用非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗的71例老年股骨颈骨折,末次随访时采用髋关节功能Harris评分评定疗效,观察并发症发生情况。结果 71例均获得随访,随访时间平均18(12～36)个月。所有患者均在术后2周内下床不负重行走,无髋关节脱位倾向。术后4周所有患者步态恢复正常。末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分为(86.36±9.67)分,较术前明显改善。术后3例出现肺部感染,对症治疗后痊愈;2例发生股骨假体远端股骨干骨折,采用切开复位内固定手术治疗。结论非骨水泥型假体人工股骨头置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折手术时间缩短,术中出血量减少,可避免出现骨水泥植入综合征,降低手术风险。非骨水泥型假体置入后依靠骨组织长入使骨与假体表面形成紧密的生物固定,进而实现良好的骨传导,但是需要注意防范早期假体松动与假体周围骨折。     

股骨颈骨折手术疗效探讨

本文将获得一年以上随访的股骨颈骨折行人工髓关节置换术的117例作为置换组，行手术内固定110例作为内固定组，就其疗效作一分析比较，对人工髋关节置换术的适应症、疗效及并发症作进一步探讨。资料与方法我院自1987年12月至1995年7月共手术治疗股骨颈骨折227例。行人工髋关节置换术117例，男62例，女55例；年龄为42～82岁；其中32例为内固定手术失败者，新鲜骨折59例，陈旧性骨折26例；骨折类型：头下型68例，经颈型32例，基低型17例；行单纯人工股骨头置换术39例，全骸关节置换78例，（国产全髋68例，美国Zimmer非骨水泥全够8例，瑞士Plu…     

无骨水泥固定珍珠面人工股骨头置换术35例报告

自1986～1991年,我院采用无骨水泥固定珍珠面钴铬钼合金人工股骨头置换术治疗股骨颈骨折35例次,取得了良好的疗效.本组35例,男21例,女14例.年龄52～81岁.术前诊断为新鲜性股骨颈骨折28例,陈旧性股骨     

老年股骨颈骨折人工股骨头置换术的短期疗效

目的：探讨老年股骨颈骨折人工股骨头置换术的短期疗效。方法：对58例老年股骨颈骨折实施人工股骨头置换术并进行短期疗效分析。其中,骨水泥型18例,非骨水泥型40例。结果：术后10个月的Harris评分65～97分,平均88.25分。80分以上的48例,优良率为82%,治疗效果非常满意。结论：对老年股骨颈骨折采用人工股骨头置换术治疗,是早期活动、减少并发症、提高生活质量的有效方法。     

人工股骨头置换术治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨应用人工股骨头置换术治疗老年高龄移位型股骨颈骨折。方法55例高龄股骨颈骨折患者(为GardenⅢ及Ⅳ)采用髋关节前外侧入路。选用骨水泥型双极人工股骨头,术后配合功能锻炼,应用抗骨质疏松药物。结果术后随访时间8~25个月,平均11.5个月,按Harris评分标准:优15例,良25例,可9例,差6例,优良率为72%,无脱位及翻修。结论人工股骨头置换术是治疗老年移位型股骨颈骨折的有效方法,可提高老年人的生活质量,减少并发症,优于内固定术。     

骨水泥型人工股骨头假体治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的报告骨水泥型人工股骨头假体治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法131例患者(新鲜骨折101例,陈旧性骨折30例按Garden分型:Ⅱ型23例,Ⅲ型62例,Ⅳ型46例),取后外侧切口安置骨水泥型人工股骨头,术后药物预防静脉血栓。结果随访0.5～8年,优良率96.4%。结论骨水泥型人工股骨头假体置换术具有手术简单,术后恢复快等优点,适用于高龄股骨颈骨折患者。     

老年股骨颈骨折治疗——内固定与人工关节

目前临床上针对老年股骨颈骨折患者所采用的治疗仍以手术为主,包括骨折复位内固定和人工关节置换术,但对两术式及植入物具体选择仍存在争议。该文回顾近期相关研究进展,比较了内固定与人工关节、不同动态加压内固定与锁定板、全髋关节假体与半髋关节假体、骨水泥型假体与非骨水泥型假体、半髋单极假体与双极假体等在老年股骨颈骨折治疗中的各自优势和不足。     

Conversion of failed hip hemiarthroplasties after femoral neck fractures

Hemiarthroplasty has been the preferred treatment for fractures of the femoral neck in elderly patients. The objective of the current study was to assess the outcome of revision of failed hemiarthroplasty to total hip arthroplasty in patients with a primary diagnosis of a femoral neck fracture. One hundred thirty-two conversions were done in 108 women and 24 men. One hundred two cemented and 30 uncemented hemiprostheses were revised to 88 cemented, 17 uncemented, and 27 hybrid total hip arthroplasties and the patients were followed up an average of 7.1 years (range, 5.1-15.3 years). Nine hips (6.8%) were revised for loosening and four additional hips (3%) were loose at the last followup. Survivorship free of revision was 96.5% (95% confidence interval, 93%-100%) at 5 years and 92% (95% confidence interval, 86%-98%) at 10 years. Major perioperative complications occurred frequently (45%), including 12 intraoperative femoral fractures (9%) and 13 dislocations (9.8%) Three of 12 (25%) of the intraoperative femoral fractures developed later femoral component loosening and all occurred during conversion of an uncemented Austin-Moore type hemiprosthesis. Conversion of endoprostheses to total hip arthroplasties after femoral neck fractures is fraught with high complication and loosening rates. Careful patient selection for each type of arthroplasty (hemiarthroplasty versus total hip arthroplasty) may help ameliorate the outcome of arthroplasty for patients with femoral neck fractures.     

Friendly骨水泥股骨假体在老年股骨颈骨折假体置换术中的应用

目的探讨使用Friendly骨水泥股骨假体在老年股骨颈骨折假体置换中的应用。方法2002年6月～2004年6月我科因股骨颈骨折使用Friendly股骨假体行髋关节假体置换的老年患者(68～85岁)共31例,股骨假体固定采用第四代骨水泥技术,分析其临床效果。结果术后随访3个月,根据髋关节X线片,评价骨水泥质量A级29例、B级2例、无C、D级。所有患者均无髋关节脱位发生。所有患侧髋关节Trende-lenburg试验均为阴性。双下肢长度差异为(3.4±1.8)mm。术后3个月髋关节Harris评分为85±10。结论Friendly骨水泥股骨假体通过其在假体设计和假体固定上的改进可以比较好地解决老年人股骨颈骨折假体置换中所遇到的软组织平衡困难和假体固定困难等问题。     

半髋柄固定方式对高龄股骨颈骨折疗效的影响

目的探讨半髋置换股骨柄在股骨近端髓腔不同形态固定方式对高龄股骨颈骨折疗效的影响。 方法回顾分析2007年1月至2017年2月在东莞市人民医院关节外科分别连续收治的75岁以上高龄股骨颈骨折患者100例,纳入标准：Garden Ⅲ、Ⅳ型、骨折前尚能独立行走;排除标准：股骨颈病理性骨折、同侧髋骨关节炎、严重内科疾病不能耐受手术。分为骨水泥组和生物组。骨水泥组行骨水泥股骨柄双动头置换术,生物组行生物双动头置换术,对比骨水泥组与生物组术中并发症,术后假体周围骨折情况,股骨近端髓腔Noble分型,股骨假体的初始位置,假体松动情况及其末次随访时的髋关节功能Harris评分差异,计量资料对比采用t检验,计数资料比较采用卡方检验。 结果100例患者均获得随访平均(15 ± 3)个月。骨水泥组术中出现明显骨水泥反应2例,未出现死亡病例,术后有2例出现假体周围骨折(Vancouver分型VB2型和VC型)。生物组术中出现股骨距骨折6例(Vancouver分型VAL型),术后假体周围骨折2例(Vancouver分型均为B2型),术后3个月内出现髋关节后脱位1例。术后3个月内死亡2例,均为肾功能衰竭患者。股骨柄的位置安放在内或外翻位>3°为异常时,100例中仅生物组1例烟囱型髓腔出现内翻位置达4°,异常率仅为1%。骨水泥型股骨柄容易出现外翻位放置,生物型股骨柄容易出现内翻位放置。术后末次随访髋关节功能Harris评分骨水泥组和生物组优良率分别为89%和83%,两组差异无统计学意义(χ²＝0.44,P>0.05)。 结论生物无领矩形股骨柄(LCU股骨柄)与有领骨水泥股骨柄(Classic股骨柄)双动头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者在股骨近端不同类型的髓腔中均能获得良好的治疗效果。     

微创直接前方入路髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折合并阿尔茨海默病的短期疗效观察

目的探讨采用微创直接前方入路(DAA)行髋关节置换术治疗股骨颈骨折合并阿尔茨海默病的短期疗效。方法回顾性分析自2015-01—2016-10采用微创DAA行髋关节置换术治疗15例股骨颈骨折合并阿尔茨海默病的临床资料。术后复查X线片观察假体位置及假体松动情况。采用髋关节功能Harris评分评估术后髋关节功能。结果所有患者均获得随访3~24个月,平均10.4个月。术后无切口感染、重要神经、血管等组织结构损伤,无关节假体早期脱位、松动及下肢深静脉血栓形成等并发症。末次随访疗效按照髋关节功能Harris评分评定:平均92(78~98)分;优13例,良2例。结论采用微创DAA行髋关节置换术治疗新鲜股骨颈骨折合并阿尔茨海默病具有创伤小、患者术后恢复快、安全性好、保留髋关节周围肌群正常张力、减少术后早期关节假体脱位等优点,可安全有效应用于股骨颈骨折合并阿尔茨海默病的治疗。     

The femoral neck fracture in the elderly patient - cemented or cementless hip arthroplasty?

This is a report on the treatment results of femoral neck fractures with a cemented (group 1) and cementless (group 2) type of hip prosthesis, resp. 72 patients were enrolled. 35 patients were treated with a cemented hip prosthesis (mean age: 78 years), and 37 patients with a cementless modular hip prosthesis (mean age: 77 years). In the cemented group we observed 5 cases of hypotension during insertion of the prosthesis in the femoral shaft. One of these patients required mechanical resuscitation during surgery. In the second group 3 cases of proximal femur fissure and one case of distal femoral fracture were recorded. One year after surgery 43 patients presented for follow up evaluation (cemented group: n = 24; cementless group: n = 19). Both groups revealed comparable results according to the Harris Hip Score (75 versus 78,3 points). No prosthesis loosening was observed in either group. In our view the cemented hip prosthesis is the treatment of choice for femoral neck fractures among the old and very old, if no stabile osteosynthesis can be performed. Patients with cardiopulmonary risk factors, however, may profit from cementless hip arthroplasty to avoid the well known cardiodepression during surgery.     

Total hip arthroplasty in patients with proximal femoral deformity

Most proximal femoral deformities encountered during hip arthroplasty are secondary to developmental processes, previous osteotomy, or fracture. A classification method is proposed in which deformities are categorized anatomically by level. Anatomic deformity levels include: greater trochanteric deformities, femoral neck deformities, metaphyseal level deformities, and diaphyseal level deformities. Deformities at each level may be angular, rotational or translational, abnormal bone size, or a combination thereof. Treatment is individualized according to patient needs and the anatomy of the deformity. Careful preoperative planning helps predict prosthesis requirements and technical challenges. If cemented implants are used, care must be taken to obtain reasonable alignment and a continuous cement mantle. For uncemented implants, obtaining a good fit is challenging and there is a risk of intraoperative fracture. Access to a wide range of implants helps the surgeon treat unique femoral geometries. Implants fixed in the diaphysis allow some proximal femoral deformities to be bypassed. Modular or custom implants simplify treatment of certain deformities. For patients with severe deformities, femoral osteotomy may be required. Successful osteotomy requires correcting the deformity, maintaining vascular supply of fragments, obtaining fixation of osteotomy fragments (with the implant or adjunctive fixation), and obtaining implant stability. Although most deformities can be treated during hip arthroplasty, occasionally there is a role for two-stage treatment: deformity correction followed later by arthroplasty.     

Treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures following total hip arthroplasty with femoral component revision

BACKGROUND: Revision total hip arthroplasty is indicated for most periprosthetic fractures that occur around the stem of the femoral implant. The purpose of the present study was to assess the results and complications of revision total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of periprosthetic femoral fractures. METHODS: We evaluated 118 hips in 116 patients who underwent revision total hip arthroplasty because of an acute Vancouver type-B periprosthetic femoral fracture. The femoral implant used for the revision was a cemented stem in forty-two hips, a proximally porous-coated uncemented stem in twenty-eight, an extensively porous-coated stem in thirty, and an allograft-prosthesis composite or tumor prosthesis in eighteen. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.4 years. RESULTS: Kaplan-Meier analysis demonstrated that the probability of survival was 90% at five years and 79.2% at ten years with revision or removal of the femoral implant for any reason as the end point. Sixteen femoral components were rerevised: ten were rerevised because of loosening; three, because of loosening in association with a fracture nonunion; two, because of recurrent dislocation; and one, because of a new periprosthetic fracture. Additionally, six femoral implants were resected because of deep infection (five) or prosthetic loosening (one). Radiographs of the ninety-six hips with a surviving implant showed that twenty-one had evidence of loosening of the femoral implant, four had a nonunion of the femoral fracture, and two had both a nonunion and loosening of the femoral implant. CONCLUSIONS: Revision total hip arthroplasty for the treatment of a periprosthetic fracture around the stem of the femoral implant successfully restored function for most patients. The greatest long-term problems were prosthetic loosening and fracture nonunion. Better results were seen when an uncemented, extensively porous-coated stem was used.     

骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折

目的探讨骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折的近期疗效。方法对30例高龄股骨颈骨折患者采用骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗。根据Harris评分法评估临床效果。结果 30例均获得随访12~24个月。患者髋关节功能均恢复良好,未发现感染、髋内翻、假体松动下沉、关节脱位者。髋关节功能根据Harris评分,优17例,良9例,中4例,优良率86.67%。结论应用骨水泥型人工股骨头置换治疗高龄股骨颈骨折患者手术风险小、费用低、并发症少,术后可早期下床活动,提高了生活质量,疗效可靠。     

Complications and results of arthroplasty for salvage of failed treatment of malignant pathologic fractures of the hip

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the results and complications of hip arthroplasty done for salvage of failed treatment of pathologic proximal femoral fractures secondary to malignancy. Between 1980 and 2000, 42 patients with a mean age of 63 years were treated with hip arthroplasty to salvage failed treatment of a pathologic proximal femoral fracture. Total hip arthroplasty was done in 16 patients (3 uncemented, 2 hybrid, 11 cemented), and bipolar hemiarthroplasty in 26 (2 uncemented, 24 cemented). A modular, proximal femoral replacement construct was used in 15 patients. Patients were followed a mean of 5.8 years (range, 15 days-20 years). Four hips required reoperation, all for deep infection. Harris Hip score improved from an average of 42 points (range, 17-76 points) preoperatively to an average of 83 points (range, 52-100 points) postoperatively. Most recent radiographs showed femoral component loosening in only one patient. Implant survivorship free of revision for any reason at 5 years was 90% (range, 65-96%) and free of revision for aseptic failure or radiographic failure was 97% (range, 64-99%). Hip arthroplasty is an effective treatment for salvage of failed treatment of pathologic proximal femoral fractures. Modular proximal femoral replacements were often required. The most concerning complication was deep prosthetic infection, which occurred in nearly 10% of this patient population, and in 21% of patients with prior irradiation.