机械制造工人下背痛调查及其危险因素探讨

为了解机械制造工人下背痛流行情况及影响程度,采用横断面研究收集某机械厂202份有效资料,内容包括下背痛流行情况和危险因素。结果显示,曾经近1年、近1周下背痛患病率分别为39、1％、35．5％、22．6％;因下背痛减少活动的人数为44人．占患病人数的62．9％;下背痛患病率随工龄增长而升高;Logistic回归结果显示,重体力劳动、抬举物体持续时间、推拉物体最大重量、推拉物体持续时间的OR值分别为2、47(95％CI 1．21～5．01)、2．15(95％CI 1．18～3．93)、2．04(95％CI 1．07～3．87)、2、10(95％CI 1.17～3．74)。表明机械制造工人下背痛患病率属中等水平,其患病危险因素主要与体力劳动负荷有关。     

纺织工人下背痛调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解纺织工人下背痛的患病情况及探讨下背痛的影响因素.方法 采用问卷调查的方法,对400名纺织工人下背痛患病情况进行了现况调查.结果 纺织工人下背痛的总体患病率为46.8%,Logistic回归分析发现,下背痛患病的危险因素主要有年龄、工龄、外伤史、超重、弯腰、工作疲劳感.结论 纺织工人下背痛的患病率较高,危险因素较多;应从纠正劳动姿势、加强组织管理、加强个体保护、注意休息、积极治疗等多方面避免或减轻下背痛的影响.     

护理人员下背痛危险因素分析

目的：探讨护理作业人员职业性下背痛患病情况及其危险因素。方法：采用横断面调查方法对本市场规模相近的三所医院的752名护士进行问卷调查，内容涉及下背痛病史、症状及其相关影响因素。结果：护理作业人员下背痛患病率高达56.9％，Logistic回归分析提示：个体生物因素如年龄、体重、妊娠次数；家庭因素如家庭人口数、子女数、婚姻状况、承担家务劳动量；职业性因素，如工作紧张、疲劳、轮班、工龄；社会心理因素，如认为工作脏累、责任和压力大、工作条件和工资待遇不满意、工作紧张等；既往患病史的有无等与下背痛患病有关。结论：下背痛是护理人员常见疾患，其患病危险因素来自多个方面。     

建筑工人职业性下背痛的影响因素调查

目的探讨建筑工人职业性下背痛的患病现状和影响因素,旨在有针对性地采取干预对策。方法采用多阶段抽样法抽取建筑工人200人作为研究对象。采用一般资料问卷、职业性下背痛问卷进行问卷调查。结果共发放问卷200份,有效回收195份,有效回收率为97.50%。195名建筑工人中,近1 a职业性下背痛患病率为72.31%,近1周患病率为36.92%。单因素及logistic多因素回归分析显示,年龄、工龄、过度用力、抬举重物、弯腰、工作疲劳感、工作环境均是建筑工人下背痛患病的独立危险因素(P<0.05)。结论建筑工人具有较高的职业性下背痛发生风险,主要与年龄、工龄、职业及社会心理因素有关,加强个体保护、充分休息、纠正作业姿势、加强组织管理等对建筑工人职业性下腰痛的预防有积极意义。     

我国职业人群下背痛患病率Meta分析

正下背痛(low back pain,LBP)是最常见的工作相关肌肉骨骼疾患之一~([1]),迄今为止,已有较多文献报道了我国职业人群的LBP患病率。然而受研究设计方案、对象、区域和样本量等多方面的影响,报告的结果差异较大。本研究采用Meta分析的方法,合并现有的研究,得到基于较大样本量的参考值,期望为相关课题提供有价值的信息。     

中学生下背痛的流行病学调查

本文分析1034名中学生(11～17岁)下背痛的流行特征,15.1％的中学生曾患下背痛。一年内患病者10.2％。男女性别间无显著差异。患者中因下背痛而暂停上学或体育锻炼及就诊医治者占19.2％。本市青少年下背痛的流行频度及严重程度虽明显低于欧美等国,但其病因及影响因素值得探讨。     

某汽车厂工人下背痛患病率及其影响因素

目的 研究汽车生产工人下背痛（LBP）的患病情况及其影响因素。方法 于2013年6月采用二阶段整群随机抽样方法在湖北省十堰市某汽车公司抽取3 800名工人进行问卷调查。结果 该公司工人LBP年患病率为60.3%;单因素分析,对LBP发生的危险因素有：年龄＞30岁、几乎一直长时间站立（指持续时间＞1 h,下同）、工作时需做弯腰动作、工龄11~15年、工作时需做转身动作、工作时需保持弯腰姿势、高频率的重复性作业、人员短缺,它们对患病率影响依次递降,OR值范围在2.14~1.54,影响最大的是年龄30~39岁（OR=2.14,95%CI=1.70~2.68）和“几乎一直长时间站立”（OR=1.93,95%CI=1.56~2.40）;保护因素有：有充足的休息时间 （OR=0.56,95%CI=0.49~0.64）、可以自己决定何时开始和结束工作（OR=0.65,95%CI=0.55~0.77）、长时间坐着工作（OR=0.91,95%CI=0.78~1.07）;体质指数、长时间跪着工作、长时间坐着工作对LBP的影响无统计学意义（P>0.05）。多因素非条件logistic回归分析结果显示,女性、年龄≥30岁、工龄≥11年、工作时需做弯腰动作、几乎一直站立工作、几乎一直坐位工作、多次重复性操作、人员短缺为危险因素,休息时间充足、可以自己决定何时开始和结束工作为保护因素。结论 在汽车制造业工人中,LBP具有较高的患病率,需要采取改进工作体位、减少高频重复动作、改善劳动组织管理等措施予以干预。     

电解铝厂工人职业性下背痛危险因素探讨

目的　探讨电解铝厂工人职业性下背痛患病情况及其危险因素。方法　采用横断面调查问卷对铝厂工人及对照组的下背痛有关危险因素逐一询问,并依据病史及症状作出下背痛的临床诊断。结果　电解铝厂工人职业性下背痛患病率４５－４ ％ ,不同车间工人患病率差异未见显著性,但均高于对照组（１６－４ ％ ） 。Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ 回归分析提示下背痛患病与性别、年龄、身高、文化程度、婚烟状况、子女数、吸烟、饮酒、工作紧张感、疲劳感、既往疾病史及劳动姿势有关。结论　提示改善作业方式及有关社会心理状况、降低工作和家庭劳动负荷以及杜绝不良生活习惯是减低下背痛患病率的重要途径。     

职业性下背痛的病因学研究进展

下背痛或腰背痛(Low-Back Pain)和肩、颈、臂及腿痛统称为肌肉骨骼疾患(MusculoskeletalDisorder)本文主要叙述下背痛,有时也可能提及肌肉骨骼疾患或其中某种疾患。 下背痛是一种古老的疾患。它曾折磨过5000年以前的埃及人,它是职业医学之父Ramazzini在两个多世纪之前所报道和关心的疾患。然而下背痛     

工业中的下背痛

下背痛也称下腰痛或腰痛,它不是一种独立疾病,而是脊柱或脊柱外疾病引起的症状,是严重的医学-社会学问题,劳动力丧失率高,物质损失巨大,尤其在工业发达国家发病率高,随着我国工业化的发展,我们也应该重视这一问题。本文就发病率、发病因素、治疗及预防等问题作一综述。1 发病率 美国各产业从业人员中,背及脊柱疾患占45岁以前年龄组影响生活原因中的第一位,占45～64岁年龄组各种病因的第三位;在25～44岁的100人中因腰背痛引起的平均工作日减少,每年为28.6天,卧床休息时间平均9天;查阅1977年华盛顿工业     

ICU病房护理人员职业相关腰背痛及其危险因素

目的探讨ICU病房护理人员职业相关腰背痛（OLBP）的发生情况及相关的危险因素。方法以某市5家综合性医院ICU病房护士为观察组，普通病房护士为对照组进行横断面调查，发放OLBP问卷调查，并对其中一家医院ICU病房进行现场录像，采用Win OWAS和Bless Pro2．0软件做姿势负荷和生物力学负荷计算。结果ICU病房护士OLBP现患率（87％）、发作频率（每月1次以上者占48％）以及因OLBP误工率（7％）与对照组（分别为60％、32％、2％）比较均明显升高，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01，P〈0．05）。ICU病房护士典型护理操作危险姿势发生频率依次为观察引流（99％）、在床上搬抬患者（90％）、静脉操作（75％）、吸痰（75％）、调整输液量（6％）；调整输液量、吸痰、静脉操作、观察引流量、在床上搬抬患者的腰椎间盘压力（Fc）比值为100：155：199：301：418。结论ICU病房护士OLBP患病率高，高频率弯腰、扭转姿势和在床上搬抬患者是主要的危险因素。     

某汽车公司铸造厂工人腰背痛的危险因素分析

目的 通过横断面流行病学记查,寻找汽车铸造厂作业工人腰背痛的主要危险因素,为此类疾患的预防提供科学依据.方法 在某汽车公司铸造厂对1340名工人进行腰背痛和劳动负荷问卷调查,利用logistic回归进行危险因素分析.结果 铸造厂工人的腰背痛年患病率为58.9%,其中铸造、物流和造型工种工人腰背痛年患病率较高,分别为64.6%、64.6%和62.5%.以不适体位搬举、大幅度弯腰、弯腰与转身并存及搬运重物这些负荷因素导致患腰背痛危险性最高,其OR值分别为2.085、1.961、1.967和1.956.各个危险因素在不同工种中的分布不同.多元logistic同归分析表明,搬运重物、不适体位搬举、大幅度弯腰、弯腰与转身并存及工龄和性别均被选人模型.结论 手工搬运重物、不良劳动姿势或二者同时存在是导致腰背痛的首要危险因素,应从这方面入手,加强工效学干预研究,减少此类疾患.

Abstract：

Objective To study the main risk factors of low back pain of workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company using cross sectional epidemiological investigation, and to provide scientific base for preventing the disorder. Methods The low back pain and work loads of 1340 workers in a foundry factory of the automobile company were investigated using questionnaire, and logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors. Results The one-year morbidity of low back pain in workers was 58.9%the morbidities of low back pain in workers engaged in foundry, transportation and modeling were 64.6 %, 64.6 % and 62.5 %, respectively. The lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting and moving the heave objects were found to be the most dominant risk factors for low-back pain, the OR values were 2.085, 1.961, 1.967 and 1.956, respectively. The distributions of risk factors were different among the different jobs. The logistic regression analysis showed that moving the heave objects, lifting with squat postures, bending trunk heavily, bending trunk with twisting existed simultaneously, also the work years and gender were the risk factors. Conclusion The manual moving heave objects, awkward working posture or both were the most important risk factors for low-back pain. The intervene ergonomic study should be performed in future to reduce the morbidity of low-back pain.     

Occupational risk factors for low back pain among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka

Abstract

Background:

Approximately 5% of all households in Sri Lanka operate a three-wheeler as their primary source of income. However, very little is known about the occupational health risks associated with driving these vehicles.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess occupational risk factors, including the number of hours worked associated with the 4-week prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among drivers of three-wheelers.

Methods:

Questionnaires were administered to 200 full-time drivers of three-wheelers from the Galle District in Sri Lanka. Occupational, psychological, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the correlation between occupational risk factors of the prevalence of LBP.

Results:

15·5% of respondents reported experiencing LBP in the previous 4 months. Univariate analysis revealed that the number of hours worked per week, feeling pressure to compete with other drivers, and perceived stress scale scores were significantly associated with the 4-week prevalence of LBP. Multivariate analysis found that the number of hours worked per week and engine type were significantly associated with LBP.

Conclusions:

LBP is common among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka. Long work hours and two-stroke engines were significantly associated with LBP. Results from this study point towards a role for educational, behavioral health, and policy interventions to help prevent and reduce LBP among these drivers.     

Occupational risk factors for low back pain among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka

Background:

Approximately 5% of all households in Sri Lanka operate a three-wheeler as their primary source of income. However, very little is known about the occupational health risks associated with driving these vehicles.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess occupational risk factors, including the number of hours worked associated with the 4-week prevalence of low back pain (LBP) among drivers of three-wheelers.

Methods:

Questionnaires were administered to 200 full-time drivers of three-wheelers from the Galle District in Sri Lanka. Occupational, psychological, socio-demographic, lifestyle, and anthropometric variables were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis were used to investigate the correlation between occupational risk factors of the prevalence of LBP.

Results:

15.5% of respondents reported experiencing LBP in the previous 4 months. Univariate analysis revealed that the number of hours worked per week, feeling pressure to compete with other drivers, and perceived stress scale scores were significantly associated with the 4-week prevalence of LBP. Multivariate analysis found that the number of hours worked per week and engine type were significantly associated with LBP.

Conclusions:

LBP is common among drivers of three-wheelers in Sri Lanka. Long work hours and two-stroke engines were significantly associated with LBP. Results from this study point towards a role for educational, behavioral health, and policy interventions to help prevent and reduce LBP among these drivers.     

在校学生非特异性下腰痛危险因素的流行病学调查

目的了解广东省在校学生非特异性下腰痛患病情况及可能存在的危险因素,为科学地预防与控制在校学生的非特异性下腰痛提供更好的证据。方法采用自行设计问卷,多级整群抽样方法,分两个观察点对广东省4所中学共361名在校学生进行问卷调查。结果广东省在校学生非特异性下腰痛时点患病率分别为16.62%和19.67%,历史患病率分别为35.73%和37.40%。期间患病率（1年）分别为23.80%和27.40%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析显示,对书包重量的感觉、学习成绩、周末补课、每天坐在电脑前时间是非特异性下腰痛的危险因素。结论非特异性下腰痛是广东省在校学生的一种常见疾病。感觉书包重、学习成绩差、周末补课、长时间坐电脑前是非特异性下腰痛的危险因素。     

腰腿痛患者中腰椎间盘磁共振成像局限性高信号区的分布特点及相关因素分析

目的 探讨腰腿痛患者中腰椎间盘磁共振成像(MRI)局限性高信号区(HIZ)的分布特点,并分析发生HIZ的相关因素.方法 选取2009年6月至2010年8月因腰腿痛行腰椎MRI检查的患者628例.分析HIZ在年龄、椎间盘节段和椎间盘退变中的分布特点及其相关因素.结果 628例患者3140个椎间盘中,172例(27.39％,172/628 )206个椎间盘(6.56％,206/3140)存在HIZ.其中男性患者和女性患者HIZ的发生率分别为26.38％(86/326)和28.48％( 86/302),差异无统计学意义(P=0.556).40～49岁是HIZ发生率最高的年龄段[40.22％(72/179)].椎间盘节段存在HIZ的发生率:L1～2 0.80％(5/628)、L2～3 2.07％ (13/628)、L3～42.07％(13/628)、L4～5 14.01％(88/628)、L5～S113.85％(87/628).有和无HIZ时椎间盘退变程度≥Ⅳ级者的发生率分别为49.03％( 101/206)及23.76％(697/2934),差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).年龄、椎间盘退变程度、椎间盘节段与HIZ均具有相关性(r=-0.040,P=0.025;r=0.217,P＜0.01;r=0.179,P＜0.01).结论 腰腿痛患者中腰椎间盘MRI发生HIZ与年龄、椎间盘节段、椎间盘退变程度之间存在相关性,椎间盘退变程度是最重要的影响因素.HIZ最常发生于L4～5和L5～S1节段,40～ 49岁是高发年龄段.     

Prevalence of skin and back diseases in geriatric care nurses

OBJECTIVES: The prevalence of hand eczema, low back disorders (LBD) and neck/shoulder disorders (NSD) in geriatric nurses and the association of work-related factors with hand eczema, LBD and NSD in geriatric nurses were examined. METHODS: The cross-sectional study comprises 1,390 nurses and nursing aides. Nurses underwent clinical examinations of their hands and their back and answered a questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for putative risk factors were calculated by logistic regression. RESULTS: The point prevalence of hand eczema was 18.0%. Disposing factors, like atopic eczema in childhood and dry or itching body skin, were statistically significant risk factors for irritant skin changes. Hand cleaning and hand care were not predictive for hand eczema. LBD was observed in 47.9% and NSD in 16.6% of the nurses. Increasing age and years in the nursing profession, prior treatment of back disorder and psychological stress were significant risk factors for LBD and NSD. CONCLUSIONS: Hand eczema and LBD or NSD are often found in geriatric nurses. Therefore, workplace-related health promotion should be improved for geriatric nurses.     

Prevalence of low back pain among handloom weavers in West Bengal,India

Background:

Handloom is one of the oldest industries in India, particularly in West Bengal, where a considerable number of rural people are engaged in weaving.

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of low back pain among the handloom weavers in India.

Methods:

A modified Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire and Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire along with a body part discomfort scale were administered to handloom weavers (n = 175). Working posture of the participants was assessed using the Ovako Working Posture Analysis System (OWAS).

Results:

Sixty eight per cent of the participants reported suffering from low back pain, making it the most prevalent disorder in our sample. Analysis of the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Questionnaire data revealed that among those with low back pain (n = 119), 2% had severe disabilities, 46% had moderate disabilities, and 52% had minimal disabilities. Statistical analyses revealed a positive significant association between the intensity of pain in the lower back and an increased number of years of work experience (P<0.05).

Conclusions:

The study underlines the need for further research regarding the postural strain of weavers and also suggests the implementation of ergonomic design into weaver workstations to minimize the adverse effect of their current working postures. Improving upon the weaver’s work-posture could improve their quality of life.