脑栓通对脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经血管单元的保护作用

目的：观察中药脑栓通对脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经血管单元主要成分神经元、星形胶质细胞以及脑血管内皮细胞的保护作用。方法：30只雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠随机分为假手术组、缺血再灌注组和1g/（kg·d）脑栓通组。采用大脑中动脉线栓法建立局灶性脑缺血损伤模型,1.5h后拔出线栓实施再灌注。再灌注24h时后进行大鼠神经功能缺损评分,采用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的脱氧尿苷原位末端标记法结合神经元核抗原、胶质纤维酸性蛋白及CD31免疫荧光双染检测缺血再灌注24h时缺血灶周边的神经元、星形胶质细胞以及脑血管内皮细胞的凋亡情况。结果：脑栓通能显著改善脑缺血损伤大鼠的神经功能缺损,减少缺血灶周边星形胶质细胞、脑血管内皮细胞和神经元的凋亡。结论：脑栓通通过保护脑缺血再灌注后大鼠的神经血管单元促进神经功能的改善。     

局灶性脑缺血后室管膜 /室下区细胞迁移到梗塞区周围并分化为神经元和星形胶质细胞

目的 研究局灶性脑缺血后室管膜/室下区细胞的迁移分化,揭示梗塞区周围新生细胞的来源。方法 大脑中动脉阻塞前,将10μl0.2%的荧光染料DiI注射于体质量250~350g的雄性SD大鼠侧脑室以预标记室管膜/室下区细胞。脑缺血后,采用累积式的BrdU标记方法标记新生细胞并通过双重免疫荧光染色确定细胞分化。标记的细胞通过激光共聚焦显微镜观察。结果 在非缺血对照大鼠,DiI标记细胞定居于室管膜/室下区。局灶性脑缺血后,DiI标记细胞出现于胼胝体,邻近的纹状体和皮质。此外,缺血14d后,梗塞区周围纹状体和皮质内可见一些DiI/BrdU/GFAP或DiI/BrdU/NeuN三重标记阳性细胞。结论 局灶性脑缺血后,室管膜/室下区细胞迁移到梗塞区周围并分化成神经元和星形胶质细胞,这一发现对于理解成体神经干细胞的起源和开发促进脑损伤后内源性神经发生的新措施具有重要意义。     

新生小牛血清对人胎脑海马组织神经干细胞分化的影响

目的 探讨新生小牛血清对人胎脑海马组织神经干细胞分化的影响。方法 采用细胞培养和免疫细胞组化技术,观察不同浓度新生小牛血清对人胎脑海马组织神经干细胞分化的影响。结果 新生小牛血清能诱导人神经干细胞分化为神经细胞及神经胶质细胞,在无血清培养基与含不同浓度新生小牛血清培养基中培养的神经干细胞分化为神经细胞和神经胶质细胞的数目在发生变化,并且随着新生小牛血清浓度的增加,神经干细胞分化为神经细胞的数量在减少,分化为神经胶质细胞的数量增加。结论 新生小牛血清影响人神经干细胞分化为神经细胞和神经胶质细胞的比例,并与新生小牛血清的浓度有一定的关系。     

大鼠海马神经干细胞的分离、培养及鉴定

目的 探寻出生后1~3d和成年大鼠海马分离、培养并鉴定神经干细胞(NSC)的可行性。方法 向培养基添加碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、脑源性神经营养因子及其他生长因子,采用单细胞克隆技术,分离出生后1~3d和成年SD大鼠海马组织并分别无血清培养;以免疫细胞化学方法对原代和传代培养形成的克隆细胞,以及其分化后的细胞进行鉴定。结果 上述条件下培养可形成悬浮生长的表达巢蛋白的神经球,且具有连续克隆的能力;分化后可得到具有网状联系的、分别呈神经元特异性烯醇化酶阳性和胶质纤维酸性蛋白阳性的神经元及胶质细胞。结论 新生及成年SD大鼠海马存在神经干细胞。     

丁苯酞预处理对缺血再灌注大脑神经元及血脑屏障的影响

目的 探讨丁苯酞（NBP）对缺血再灌注大脑神经元和血脑屏障影响。方法 SD 大鼠 30 只随机分为假手术组、缺血 再灌注组、NBP 20 mg/kg 组、NBP 40 mg/kg 组、NBP 80 mg/kg 组,术前 1 周灌胃给不同剂量 NBP,共 7 d。线栓法制作大 脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,术后进行神经行为学评分,检测大脑组织中伊文思蓝的含量和血脑屏障通透性变化,透射电 镜观察缺血区脑组织神经元和血脑屏障的超微结构变化。结果 与缺血再灌注组比较,NBP 各组神经功能缺损评分明显降 低（P<0.01,P<0.05）,脑组织中伊文思蓝的含量减少（P<0.01,P<0.05）,血脑屏障的通透性降低,神经元和血脑屏障 超微结构损伤明显减轻。结论 丁苯酞预处理对脑缺血再灌注损伤神经元和血脑屏障具有预防保护作用     

动员自体骨髓干细胞对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤后bFGF表达的影响

目的探讨应用粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员自体骨髓干细胞对大鼠脑缺血/再灌注损伤后碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)表达的影响。方法60只大鼠随机分为G-CSF治疗组及对照组,根据取样时间点的不同每组又分为7、14及21d3个亚组。采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉缺血/再灌注模型(MCAO/R),治疗组于MCAO/R后24h予G-CSF50μg·kg-1·d-1,连续5d,对照组皮下注射等量生理盐水。观察不同时间点大鼠的神经功能评分(NSS)。应用免疫组化法检测bFGF阳性细胞。结果大鼠脑缺血/再灌注后7、14、21d治疗组NSS分别为(4.0±0.9)分、(3.8±1.1)分、(3.5±1.3)分,对照组分别为(5.5±1.3)分、(5.8±1.4)分、(5.7±1.6)分,治疗组NSS明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组大鼠脑缺血周边区均有bFGF免疫阳性细胞存在,并随时间延长而逐渐减少,bFGF阳性细胞计数(个/HP)显示术后7、14、21d治疗组分别为25.4±4.2、17.1±3.3、12.6±3.4,对照组分别为18.0±4.0、12.0±3.1、6.4±2.0,治疗组明显多于对照组(P<0.05),结论应用G-CSF动员自体骨髓干细胞治疗MCAO/R大鼠,可增加脑缺血后梗死边缘区bFGF的表达和改善神经功能。     

复制性衰老减弱人胚骨髓间充质干细胞静脉移植治疗大鼠脑梗死的疗效

目的 比较不同代次的人胚胎骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BM-MSCs)移植治疗大鼠脑梗死模型的疗效,包括梗死体积和行为学改变以及疗效产生机制,包括对梗死区激活的小胶质细胞的抑制、产生营养性细胞因子上的差别。方法 体外培养人胚胎骨髓来源间充质干细胞,并通过连续传代制作复制性衰老模型。分别收集传第4代和第10代的MSC用于移植。制作大鼠大脑中动脉远端阻塞(distal middle cerebral artery occlusion,dMCAO)脑梗死模型。实验分假手术组(无脑梗死)、缺血对照组〔脑梗死模型给予0.9%(质量分数)氯化钠注射液〕和MSC细胞治疗组。移植组在造模后1 h经尾静脉移植1×10⁶不同代次的BM-MSC,移植后2、4 d进行行为学评价;移植后2 d部分动物进行梗死体积测定;部分动物灌注取脑,免疫组织化学法计数并对比皮质梗死区激活的小胶质细胞CD68染色的数量;另一部分动物于移植4 d用ELISA法检测梗死灶区域大鼠来源的脑源性神经营养因子(brain-derived neurotrophic factor,BDNF)、胰岛素样生长因子(insulin like growth factor-1,IGF-1)的浓度。结果 只有第4代人BM-MSC能够有效减少梗死体积,并在移植后第2天改善脑梗死模型动物的神经功能。移植后第4天,仅第4代BM-MSC移植组脑内BDNF、IGF-1蛋白浓度明显高于缺血对照组,小胶质细胞激活明显低于对照组;第10代MSC对营养性细胞因子和小胶质细胞的影响和缺血对照组相比,差异无统计学意义。结论 脑梗死后1 h移植早代次的BM-MSCs会产生减小梗死体积、改善动物行为的作用,但晚代次细胞的作用不明显,原因可能和晚代次细胞促进脑内神经营养因子表达,抑制脑内小胶质细胞激活的能力下降有关。     

血管内皮祖细胞对共同植入缺血再灌注模型大鼠脑内的神经干细胞增殖、凋亡和血管形成的调节

目的研究血管内皮祖细胞(endothelial progenitor cells,EPCs)与神经干细胞(neuron stem cells,NSCs)构建的复合移植体对移植入缺血再灌注模型大鼠缺血半暗带的神经干细胞增殖、凋亡和血管重建的影响。方法线栓法建大鼠脑缺血再灌注模型;血管内皮祖细胞、层粘连蛋白和神经干细胞构建的移植复合体移入模型鼠脑缺血半暗带;免疫组化观察Brdu标记的移入脑内神经干细胞和缺血半暗带血管新生,免疫荧光双标观察神经干细胞的凋亡情况。结果移植后各时间点Brdu标记的神经干细胞数NSCs+EPCs组明显高于NSCs组(P<0.05);NSCs+EPCs组在各时间点的凋亡率明显低于NSCs组(P<0.05);各时间点NSCs+EPCs组血管新生数量明显多于EPCs组、缺血对照组和NSCs组(P<0.05)。结论血管内皮祖细胞可以促进移植入缺血再灌注模型大鼠缺血半暗带的神经干细胞增殖,减少其凋亡;2种细胞共移植可以促进缺血半暗带的血管新生。     

肢体远隔缺血期适应联合后适应促进大鼠缺血性脑卒中模型神经发生的作用及机制

目的 探讨肢体远隔缺血期适应(per-conditioning,PerC)联合后适应(post-conditioning,PostC)对缺血性脑卒中后神经再生的作用,并明确PerC联合PostC对脂肪酸β-氧化(fatty acid β-oxidation,FAO)限速酶——肉毒碱棕榈酰转移酶(carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A,CPT1A)的影响。方法 对成年雄性SD大鼠进行大脑中动脉闭塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion,MCAO)造模,MCAO模型后30 min进行肢体远隔缺血期适应治疗(PerC),再灌注24 h后重复进行肢体远隔缺血适应(PostC),1次/d,直到取材。再灌注14 d后对大鼠进行神经功能评分,通过免疫组织化学染色检测室管膜下区(subependymal ventricular zone, SVZ)神经再生情况,通过酶联免疫吸附测定(enzyme linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)法检测CPT1A的表达。结果 与MCAO组及PerC/PostC组比较,PerC+PostC组大鼠,身体不对称运动行为评分降低,神经干细胞的数量以及向梗死区迁移的细胞数量增加。Pearson相关性分析显示,神经干细胞的数量与神经功能呈负相关(r=-0.917 9, P<0.0001)。然而,迁移到基底节区的神经干细胞的凋亡数量在各组之间差异无统计学意义。机制研究显示,PerC+PostC组CPT1A的蛋白水平显著增加。结论 PerC联合PostC治疗能够通过增加神经干细胞的数量改善神经功能,神经干细胞的脂肪酸氧化可能是其促进神经干细胞迁移的机制之一。     

中药益智胶囊对大鼠全脑缺血后海马CA1区神经元迟发性死亡的影响

目的 观察中药益智胶囊对大鼠全脑缺血后海马CA1区神经元迟发性死亡及学习功能的影响。方法 以四血管闭塞(4-VO)法制成大鼠急性全脑缺血再灌注模型。采用免疫组织化学方法计数脑缺血再灌注脑损伤后1、2、4、8及40d后,大鼠海马CA1区正常神经元数目;用Morris水迷宫实验观察脑缺血再灌注脑损伤后40d时各组大鼠的学习记忆功能。结果 从缺血再灌注后第2天起,益智胶囊(100mg/kg·b.w.)组大鼠海马CA1区正常神经元数量显著高多于缺血对照组大鼠(P<0.01)。全脑缺血再灌注脑损伤后40d时,益智胶囊(100mg/kg·b.w.)组大鼠记忆功能明显好于缺血对照组大鼠(P<0.01)。结论 益智胶囊对全脑缺血后大鼠海马CA1区神经元具有保护作用,并可改善大鼠的记忆功能障碍。     

粒细胞集落刺激因子治疗大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤

OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutic effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) on focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats. METHODS: Adult male SD rats were subjected to transient (2 h) middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and scored 48 h later for such neurological functions as spontaneous movement, paresis, forelimb motor function, climbing ability, pain sensation, and position sense. Twenty rats with the total score less than 12 were divided equally into two groups to receive daily subcutaneous injection of 20 microg/kg of G-CSF for 19 days or the same dose of saline injection (control group). The rats in the two groups were also given intraperitoneal injection of Brdu10 mg/kg for 19 days. The neurological functions of the rats in both groups were examined on a weekly basis after MCAO and on day 21, the rats were killed to prepare frozen sections of the brain tissues for double immunohistochemical staining with Brdu and glial fibrillary acidic protein antibody to identify the neural cells newly evolved from the stem cells. RESULTS: The rats in G-CSF group showed better neurological function recovery than the control rats 3 weeks after MCAO (P<0.05). Obvious regeneration of the neural cells was observed around the infarction area in the rats receiving G-CSF treatment. CONCLUSION: G-CSF promotes neurological function recovery and neural cell regeneration after cerebral infarction in rats and can be effective for intervention of focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury.     

运动训练调节PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制凋亡改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤研究

目的 探讨运动训练通过调节PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制凋亡改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。方法 36只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组, 即假手术组(Sham)、模型组(MCAO)及运动训练组(EX+MCAO), 每组12只。运动训练采用跑台跑步方法, 在术后24小时进行跑台训练, 连续4周。采用线栓法制备大鼠大脑中动脉栓塞(middle cerebral artery occlusion, MCAO)模型, 运动训练后分别检测各组大鼠神经功能评分, TTC染色观察脑梗死体积, 用HE染色检测脑组织损伤, Tunnel染色检测细胞凋亡, Western blot法检测海马组织PI3K、p-PI3K、AKT和p-AKT蛋白表达水平。结果 与Sham组比较, MCAO组大鼠神经功能评分显著增加, 脑梗死体积明显增大, 脑损伤加重, p-PI3K和p-AKT蛋白表达水平显著降低。与MCAO组比较, 运动训练组大鼠的神经功能损伤明显改善, 脑梗死体积减小, 脑损伤减轻, p-PI3K和p-AKT蛋白表达水平显著升高。结论 运动训练可能通过调控PI3K/AKT信号通路抑制细胞凋亡的过度发生, 从而减轻脑缺血再灌注损伤, 起到脑保护作用。     

黄芪提取物对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨黄芪提取物(EA)对实验性局脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用.方法用栓线法复制大鼠局灶性脑缺血(MCAO)再灌注模型,观察神经功能评分、脑梗死体积和脑含水量、病理组织学及血液流变学变化.结果与模型组比较,EA(20、40、80 mg/kg)对大鼠MCAO 2 h再灌注24 h的神经功能学评分均有明显的改善作用,能减轻大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的脑组织含水量的增加,减小MCAO 2 h再灌注后大鼠的脑梗死体积; EA各组均能不同程度的改善大鼠脑缺血再灌注后的脑组织病理变化;EA(80 mg/kg)对脑缺血再灌注后大鼠全血黏度、高切还原黏度、高切相对黏度、低切相对黏度的升高有一定的抑制作用.结论 EA对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠有一定的保护作用,其机制可能与其抑制脑缺血再灌注后血液流变学改变有关.     

甲状腺激素T3对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤后NGF和BDNF表达的影响研究

目的 探讨甲状腺激素T3对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的神经保护作用及机制.方法 雄性SD大鼠分为假手术+生理盐水组、假手术+T3组、大脑中动脉栓塞(MCAO)+生理盐水组、MCAO+T3组.应用MCAO法建立大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,分别于缺血后1 h及再灌注后6 h给予腹腔注射甲状腺激素10 μg/100 g,生理盐水为安慰剂.再灌注24 h后,观察不同组别大鼠神经功能损伤情况,梗死体积变化,以及缺血侧脑皮质中神经生长因子(NGF)和脑源性神经营养因子(BDNF)的mRNA及蛋白表达水平变化.结果 与MCAO+生理盐水组比较,MCAO+T3组大鼠神经功能缺损表现减轻,脑梗死体积减小,NGF、BDNF的mRNA和蛋白表达上升(P<0.05).结论 甲状腺激素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤有神经保护作用,其机制与增加脑缺血再灌注损伤中NGF、BDNF的表达相关.     

新型查尔酮FMC对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的 研究新型查尔酮（FMC）（3''-甲酰基-4'',6''-二羟基-2''-甲氧基-5''-甲基查尔酮）对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法 建立重复性好、梗死部位恒定、成功率高的局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型,以水溶性的FMC溶液腹腔注射,观察FMC对脑缺血大鼠神经行为、脑梗死范围以及脑组织的含水量、超氧化歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的影响。结果 术后出现追尾征及特殊体态,于2h后大脑中动脉供血区出现缺血。脑组织TTC染色均匀,出现梗死的脑组织面积相对于全脑百分比为27.96%±9.45%,动物模型成功率为78.6%。FMC组的脑含水量、MDA显著降低,SOD显著升高,梗死率降低。结论 本方法构成局灶性缺血再灌注模型,操作简单,重复性好,大鼠体重和年龄、麻醉剂应用、栓线直径和插入深度、控制出血和术后护理等是模型制作成功的关键因素。FMC可能通过降低脑组织水含量、MDA水平,升高SOD水平,减少梗死体积,对缺血再灌注损伤的脑组织起到一定的保护作用。     

促红细胞生成素对大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:探讨促红细胞生成素(Epo)对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注后脑损伤的保护作用。方法:20只雄性SD大鼠,采用线栓法阻断大鼠一侧大脑中动脉(MCA)血流2h,再灌注48h制成局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型。随机分为两组,治疗组于再灌注前经腹腔注射Epo(3000U/kg),对照组给予等量生理盐水腹腔注射,48h后断头取脑。制作2mm冰冻切片;以2%氯化-2,3,5三苯基四氮唑(TTC)对脑切片进行染色;经图像分析仪计算梗死体积占全脑体积的百分比。结果:治疗组脑梗死体积与对照组相比明显缩小(P<0.01)。结论:Epo能够显著缩小脑梗死体积,对脑缺血再灌注损伤有良好的保护作用。     

Experimental Study on the Protection of Agrimony Extracts from Different Extracting Methods against Cerebral Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury

Objective To study the protective effect of agrimony extracts from different extracting methods on cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats, in order to optimize the extraction scheme of agrimony. Methods Male rats were randomly assigned into seven groups: 1. Sham-operated group, 2. Untreated MCAO group (MCAO), 3. Petroleum ether extract of Agrimonia pilosa treated MCAO group (PEA), 4. Ethyl acetate extract of Agrimonia pilosa treated MCAO group (EAEA), 5. Ethanol extract of Agrimonia pilosatreated MCAO group (EEA), 6. Water extract of Agrimonia pilosatreated MCAO group (WEA), 7. Nimodipine treated MCAO group (NP). Intragastrical drug administration (i.g) was performed at 0 and 6 hours after MCAO. Neurological function tests were performed after reperfusion for 24 hours, then the brain was removed for the evaluations of the cerebral infarction volume (percentage of total brain volume) by immunohistochemistry, histological changes (hematoxylin-eosin staining), Na+/K+-ATPase, Ca2+-ATPase (modified method of Svoboda and Mosinger), mRNA expression of Tumor suppressor gene (P53) and hot shock protein (HSP70) (quantitative real-time PCR). Results The neurological function of MCAO group had significantly higher scores than the sham group (P<0.01). The WEA group showed a significantly lower neurological score than the MCAO group (P<0.05), indicating the protective effect of WEA on neurological deficits. The mean infarction volumes of WEA (13.5±6.6%,F=4.75,P<0.01), EEA (19.90±6.90%,F=5.23,P<0.01), PEA (20.40±5.30%, F=4.68, P<0.01) and EAEA (22.50±10.50%,F=6.25,P<0.05) group were all significantly smaller than that of MCAO group (29.40±6.50%). HE staining demonstrated that, compared to the treated groups, the infarcted cerebral tissue of MCAO group had more swelling neural cells, lighter stained nucleus, fewer and irregularly distributed neurons. The activity of Na+/K+-ATPase and Ca2+-ATPase reduced in the MCAO group (3.67±0.48 U/mg, 1.28±0.26 U/mg, respectively), and were significantly higher in WEA group (7.56±0.85 U/mg,F=12.65, P=0.010; 3.59±0.22 U/mg,F=8.32,P=0.041, respectively). The MCAO group showed significantly elevated P53 and HSP70 mRNA expressions compared to the sham group (P<0.01,P<0.05). P53 mRNA expressions in Agrimony extracts treated groups were significantly lower than that of the MCAO group (allP<0.01), with the WEA group showing the greatest difference from MCAO group. The HSP70 mRNA level of the treated groups were not significantly different from that of the MCAO group. Conclusions Treatmentusingwater extracts of agrimony can promote the best functional and metabolic recovery for rat model of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, which maybe relate with the upregulation of energy metabolism in nerve cells after MCAO.     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血并发多器官功能障碍综合征肺、肠Bax和Bcl-2表达变化

目的研究大鼠急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注后Bax、Bcl-2在脑和肺、肠的表达变化规律,探讨急性局灶性脑缺血致多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的发病机制。方法采用阻断大鼠大脑中动脉后再灌注法建立大鼠局灶性脑缺血致MODS模型,将54只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组(6只)、假手术组(6只)及手术组(42只),手术组又分为缺血再灌注后2、6、12、24、48、72 h及5 d 7个亚组(各6只)。应用苏木精-伊红染色观察大鼠各脏器的病理变化,免疫组织化学链霉菌抗生素蛋白过氧化酶连接法检测脑和肺、肠Bax、Bcl-2的蛋白表达,并计数阳性细胞数,计算平均阳性率(LI)。结果大鼠脑缺血后各时间点的肺、小肠组织均有不同程度的病理损害。大鼠急性脑缺血后全身炎症反应综合征(SIRS)的发生率为100.0%,MODS的发生率为57.1%;手术组大鼠大多时间点Bax和Bcl-2阳性表达明显高于正常对照组和假手术组(P值均<0.01)。结论SIRS和Bax与Bcl-2表达平衡的失调是脑缺血致MODS的可能机制。     

Neuroprotective Effects of Grape Seed Procyanidin Extract on Ischemia-Reperfusion Brain Injury△

Objective Oxidative stress (OS) plays a crucial role in ischemic stroke. Grape seed procyanidin extract (GSPE) was reported to be a critical regulator of OS. We hypothesized that GSPE might also be protective in ischemia-reperfusion brain injury. This study aimed to explore whether GSPE administration can protect mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury.Methods Transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was conducted followed by reperfusion for 24 hours to make ischemia-reperfusion brain injury in mice that received GSPE (MCAOG, n=60) or normal saline (MCAONS, n=60). Sham-operated mice (GSPE group and normal saline group) were set as controls. The neurological severity score (NSS) was used to evaluate neural function impairment 1 hour, 24 hour, 3 days and 7 days after MCAO. Mice underwent brain T2WI imaging with a 3T animal MRI scanner 24 hours after reperfusion, and the stroke volume of brains were calculated according to abnormal signal intensity. Immunohistopathological analysis of brain tissues at 24 h after reperfusion was performed for neuronal nuclear antigen (NeuN), CD34, Bcl-2, and Bax. Glutathione peroxidation (GSH-Px) activity and the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) of brain tissue were also examined. The above indexes were compared among the groups statistically.Results Significant functional improvement was observed 24 hours after MCAO in MCAOG group compared to MCAONS group (P<0.05). MCAOG group had smaller cerebral stroke volume (22.46 ± 11.45 mm³ vs. 47.84±9.06 mm³, P<0.05) than MCAONS group 24 hours after MCAO. More mature NeuN-immunoreactive neurons and more CD34-positive cells in peri-infarct zones were observed in brain tissue of MCAOG mice 24 h after MCAO than that of MCAONS mice (both P<0.05). MCAONS mice had significantly higher number of Bax-positive cells in brain tissue than MCAOG (P<0.05). The mean MDA level was significantly lower (P<0.05) and the GSH-Px activity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in brains of MCAOG mice compared to those of MCAONS mice.Conclusion GSPE administration protects mice from ischemia-reperfusion brain injury through attenuating oxidative stress and apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and activating antioxidant enzyme GSH-Px. GSPE may represent a new therapeutical direction for the treatment of ischemia-reperfusion brain injury.