浅析医学查新课题新颖性审查

结合《科技查新规范》和专利法对医学科技查新的新颖性进行分析和界定,并结合查新工作实践和体会,浅析查新新颖性判断审查标准要求及流程,探索进一步提高查新工作质量。     

医学科技人员如何申请科技查新

时申报科研基金、成果鉴定、成果奖励的课题进行科技查新,已经成为科管工作的重要组成部分.为了使医学科技人员各种项目申报工作的顺利进行,查新工作的顺利展开,本文介绍了科技查新常识,包括科技查新的概念、查新工作流程和查新报告,以及如何申请科技查新,包括查新机构的选择、查新委托书的填写和相关技术资料的准备等.     

医学科技人员如何申请科技查新

对申报科研基金、成果鉴定、成果奖励的课题进行科技查新,已经成为科管工作的重要组成部分。为了使医学科技人员各种项目申报工作的顺利进行,查新工作的顺利展开,本文介绍了科技查新常识,包括科技查新的概念、查新工作流程和查新报告,以及如何申请科技查新,包括查新机构的选择、查新委托书的填写和相关技术资料的准备等。     

当前医药卫生查新工作面临的问题

根据医药卫生查新工作的实践，针对性地提出在当前查新工作中所存在的问题。认为当前医药卫生科技查新在查新机构管理、查新人员素质、信息资源选择、中医药课题查新、查新质量控制等方面都存在一些影响查新工作的问题，只有正视并解决好这些问题，才能做好当前形势下的医学科技查新工作。     

注重科技查新深化科研管理

查新工作在科技活动中视为重要的科学依据，注重查新工作对提高科研管理水平，促进科研成果转化起到非常关键的作用。本文就科技查新工作中应注意的几个方面提出了几点建议：①查新人员应具有高尚的品格和一定的专业知识水平。②科技查新用户需要做好充分的检索前的准备工作。③注重科技查新检索的查全性。④加强科技查新与科研管理的协同关系     

市场经济下科技查新工作存在的问题及对策研究

本文从科技查新工作新颖性判定标准出发，进一步分析了科技查新工作中存在的问题，并探讨了WTO后科技查新工作应该做出的改进，以适应新形式下信息咨询服务的要求．     

如何提高中医药科研查新工作中的查全率和查准率

本文通过分析中医药科研查新工作中的查全率和查准率特点，提出从深刻理解查新项目内容，抓住查新要点和制定切实可行的检索策略入手，提高中医药科研查新工作中的查全率和查准率。     

如何做好医学科技查新

科技查新是通过科技文献检索和对比分析对科技项目的新颖程度作出判断的信息咨询活动和文献查证工作。科技查新的程序和方法主要包括：项目分析，确定查新要点；文献筛检，判定密切相关文献；文献对比分析；综合分析，进行新颖性评价；做出查新结论，提出查新认证书面报告。科技查新离不开文献检索，查新要求高水平检索，而文献检索代替不了查新。医学科技查新的类型主要有：科研立项查新、科技成果查新、专利申报查新等。     

科技查新出现的新问题与发展对策研究

通过对空军医学查新情报中心1998-2003年医药卫生科技查新项目的统计研究，分析了查新工作中存在的新问题，并对采取的相应对策进行探讨性研究．以使本院的查新工作迈上一个新台阶。     

基于网络服务平台的医药卫生科技查新工作

结合查新网络服务平台的工作实践，本文从查新的服务程序、服务特点及服务形式阐述了在网络环境下的医药卫生查新工作，并提出了工作中应注意的问题。     

科技工作者中精神疾病患者的病例分析

目的通过对3所医院精神疾病患者的统计分析和个案访谈,探讨科技工作者精神疾患的分布情况及其主要特点。方法病例统计、档案法(查阅病历记载)和个案访谈。结果统计分析发现,教师、管理人员和专业技术人员在就诊科技工作者精神疾病患者中相对比例较大;女性患者略高于男性;精神分裂症的比例较高且认知障碍是其主要症状表现。结论工作学习压力、家庭婚姻不和谐、人际关系问题及家族遗传病史等是诱发科技工作者精神疾病的重要原因。     

Annotation and retrieval of clinically relevant images

Purpose

Medical images are a significant information source for clinical decision-making. Currently available information retrieval and decision support systems rely primarily on the text of scientific publications to find evidence in support of clinical information needs. The images and illustrations are available only within the full text of a scientific publication and do not directly contribute evidence to such systems. Our first goal is to explore whether image features facilitate finding relevant images that appear in publications. Our second goal is to find promising approaches for providing clinical evidence at the point of service, leveraging information contained in the text and images.

Methods

We studied two approaches to finding illustrative evidence: a supervised machine-learning approach, in which images are classified as being relevant to an information need or not, and a pipeline information retrieval approach, in which images were retrieved using associated text and then re-ranked using content-based image retrieval (CBIR) techniques.

Results

Our information retrieval approach did not benefit from combining textual and image information. However, given sufficient training data for the machine-learning approach, we achieved 56% average precision at 94% recall using textual features, and 27% average precision at 86% recall using image features. Combining these classifiers resulted in improvement up to 81% precision at 96% recall (74% recall at 85% precision, on average) for the requests with over 180 positive training examples.

Conclusions

Our supervised machine-learning methods that combine information from image and text are capable of achieving image annotation and retrieval accuracy acceptable for providing clinical evidence, given sufficient training data.     

How to create Radiology Papers and Presentations in Windows™ with Open-Source Software

To illustrate the availability, effectiveness, and practical use of Open-Source tools in developing a radiology paper from its beginning to its presentation and publication. Practical use of a complete set of Open-Source applications for writing, e-mail corresponding, slide show, image retrieval, and manipulation is shown by simulating a scientific paper development. Open-Source software proved to be an inexpensive, effective, widely compatible, and user-friendly alternative to commercial toolkits in developing and deploying a scientific paper, either on paper or on slide show.     

把好质量关,不断提高期刊的档次

《解剖科学进展》通过建立科学的论文评审和编校制度、提高编辑的综合素质、现代化编辑出版手段、严格执行刊物的学术规范和编排标准化以及实行刊物审读制度,不断提高刊物的质量,如今已成为我国基础医学期刊中有影响力、有竞争力的核心期刊之一。     

Reforming science: methodological and cultural reforms

Contemporary science has brought about technological advances and an unprecedented understanding of the natural world. However, there are signs of dysfunction in the scientific community as well as threats from diverse antiscience and political forces. Incentives in the current system place scientists under tremendous stress, discourage cooperation, encourage poor scientific practices, and deter new talent from entering the field. It is time for a discussion of how the scientific enterprise can be reformed to become more effective and robust. Serious reform will require more consistent methodological rigor and a transformation of the current hypercompetitive scientific culture.     

Methods for automated concept mapping between medical databases

The retrieval and exchange of information between medical databases is often impeded by the semantic heterogeneity of concepts contained within the databases. Manual identification of equivalent database elements consumes time and resources, and may often be the rate-limiting technological step in integrating disparate data sources. By employing semantic networks as an intermediary representation of the native databases, automated mapping algorithms can identify equivalent concepts in disparate databases. The algorithms take advantage of the conceptual "context" embodied within a semantic network to produce candidate concept mappings. The performance of automated concept mapping was evaluated by creating semantic network representations for two test laboratory databases. The mapping algorithms identified all equivalent concepts that were present in the databases, and did not leave any equivalent concepts unmapped. The utilization of conceptual context to perform automated concept mapping facilitates the identification of equivalent database concepts and may help decrease the work and costs associated with retrieval and integration of information from disparate databases.     

Acceptance, Mindfulness, and Science

The inclusion of technologies drawn from spiritual and religious traditions into empirical clinical psychology is a positive step forward, but it also helps reveal problems in the technological model of treatment development. The technological model does not necessarily lead to a more coherent, innovative, and progressive discipline, which requires the development of more adequate theory, not merely more adequate technology. If technologies drawn from spiritual and religious traditions are to be included in modern scientific psychology, the field must be free to interpret and transform them theoretically, without being limited by their religious and spiritual past.     

Brain mechanisms of valuable scientific problem finding inspired by heuristic knowledge

Heuristics through the application of heuristic knowledge to the creation of imitation devices may be one of the most common processes in scientific innovation. In particular, heuristics suggests that innovation includes the automatic activation of heuristic knowledge and formation of novel associations between heuristic knowledge and problem situations. In this study, 76 scientific innovation problem situations were selected as materials. Among these, 36 contain related heuristic knowledge and 40 have no such information. Through functional magnetic resonance imaging, the learning–testing paradigm was used to explore the brain mechanisms of scientific problem finding inspired by heuristic knowledge. Participants were asked to find a problem on the basis of a given innovation problem situation. Two scenarios were presented: finding scientific problems with related heuristic knowledge and finding conventional problems without related heuristic knowledge. The authors assumed that the regions in the brain significantly activated by the finding scientific problems with related heuristic knowledge condition compared with the finding normal problems without related heuristic knowledge condition are relevant to the brain mechanisms of scientific problem finding inspired by heuristic knowledge. The first scenario more significantly activated the left precuneus and left angular gyrus than did the second scenario. These findings suggest that the precuneus is relevant to the successful storage and retrieval of heuristic knowledge and that the left angular gyrus is involved in the formation of novel associations between heuristic knowledge and problem situations for finding scientific problems.     

Historical aspects of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists

The need for closer and personal scientific exchange among anatomists, histologists, embryologists, morphologists, anthropologists, veterinarians, dentists, biologists, and zoologists, and professionals of allied health sciences, and their interest in the uniformity of the technological language they all used in teaching and research, led a group of leaders in the field of Anatomy to found the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists (IFAA).