中药煎剂保留灌肠治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的护理

肠易激综合征（IBS）是一种具有特殊生理病理基础的独立的肠功能紊乱性疾病。它包括一组腹痛、腹胀、排便习惯和大便性状异常，持续或间歇发作，而又缺乏明显形态学和生化异常改变可解释的综合征。我们近年来采用中药煎剂保留灌肠治疗腹泻型IBS 60例，取得满意疗效，现总结报道如下。     

泻肝健脾方煎剂治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床研究

[目的]研究泻肝健脾方煎剂治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）的临床疗效及安全性。[方法]将128例IIkS-D随机分为2组,治疗组64例用泻肝健脾方煎剂为基本方,随证加减治疗,每日1剂,水煎早晚服;对照组64例用易蒙停2mg,谷维素40mg,均每日3次。2组均以4周为1个疗程。疗程结束后,对其疗效及安全性进行评价。[结果]治疗组总有效率92．18％,对照组64．06％,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。2组均可不同程度地改善IBS-D临床症状,在改善大便性状（稀便）、消除腹痛、腹胀、排便窘迫方面治疗组均优于对照组（P〈0．05,〈0．01）。[结论]泻肝健脾方煎剂治疗IBS-D具有明显的临床疗效,且使用安全。     

腹泻型肠易激综合征患者肠黏膜肥大细胞的变化

目的探讨腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS)与肠黏膜肥大细胞(MC)及脱颗粒之间的关系。方法正常人10例和腹泻型IBS患者11例。每例于结肠镜下取盲肠、横结肠和直肠黏膜组织各2块,用免疫组化方法行MC染色,计算每高倍视野下MC的数量及脱颗粒MC所占MC总数的比例。结果腹泻组IBS患者盲肠、横结肠黏膜MC数量显著高于正常对照组(P<0·01及P<0·05);直肠黏膜MC数量与正常对照组无显著差异(P>0·05)。腹泻型IBS患者盲肠、横结肠、直肠黏膜脱颗粒MC比率显著高于正常对照组(P<0·05或P<0·01)。结论肠黏膜肥大细胞在腹泻型IBS的发病过程中起着重要作用。     

阿奇霉素治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效

[目的]探讨阿奇霉素治疗肠易激综合征的临床疗效。[方法]本研究选取110例腹泻型肠易激综合征患者进行随机、对照试验,观察单用阿奇霉素(A组38例)、单用马来酸曲美布汀(B组33例)及阿奇霉素+马来酸曲美布汀(C组39例)治疗前后腹泻及腹部不适的发病情况。[结果]各组大便异常及腹部不适均有改善,C组疗效优于A组及B组(均P0.05)。[结论]阿奇霉素可有效缓解IBS的症状,与马来酸曲美布汀联用时效果更好。     

中成药治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征概况

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是一种以腹痛、腹胀伴大便习惯或性状改变为特征的功能性肠病,根据临床症状不同可分为腹泻型(IBS-D)、便秘型、混合型及不确定型4个亚型,其中以IBS-D最为多见.因其发病机制尚未完全阐明,且临床症状复杂,不同患者的临床表现多样,涉及的病因及发病机制不同,目前尚无单一药物或单一疗法对IBS-D完全有效[1].因此治疗效果常常不能令人满意,且易复发,对患者的工作、生活质量产生了一定的影响,其治疗费用也造成了医疗资源不同程度的浪费,所以探求安全有效且费用低的治疗方法是治疗本病的关键.     

得舒特治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的临床观察

目的探讨得舒特治疗肠易激综合征(IBS)的疗效.方法随机将60例IBS患者分为治疗组和对照组,前者给口服得舒特50 mgtid,后者给口服645-2 10mg tid.结果治疗组在症状缓解和有效率方面均优于对照组.结论得舒特具有双向调节肠道动力的作用和良好的安全性,不失为治疗IBS的一种新药.     

安中汤治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征疗效观察

[目的]观察安中汤治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征(IBS)的疗效。[方法]符合罗马Ⅱ诊断标准150例IBS患者随机分为2组,治疗组120例,口服安中汤;对照组30例,口服思密达、谷维素治疗。2组均以4周为1个疗程。[结果]总有效率治疗组为93.33%,对照组为76.67%,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组治疗后主要症状均有明显改善,2组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,<0.01)。[结论]安中汤治疗腹泻型IBS疗效肯定。     

饮食疗法在肠易激综合征治疗中的作用

肠易激综合征(irritable bowel syndrome,IBS)是常见的慢性胃肠道功能紊乱疾病,以腹痛或腹部不适为主证,伴大便习惯或性状改变,缺乏形态学和生化学异常.     

肠易激综合征的药物治疗进展

肠易激综合征(IBS)是常见消化系统疾病,其治疗主张包括心理治疗在内的综合措施[1]。患者易出现焦虚、忧郁等精神或心理学异常,因此,心理治疗占有重要位置,针对本病常见症状,其主要治疗药物有以下几种。1　镇痛药[3,4]对于顽固性腹痛的患者可用小剂量镇痛药。不透血脑屏障的鸦片类药,理论上对IBS有效,主要作用于肠道鸦片受体,不产生欣快和药物依赖性,如dextromethorphan可减轻疼痛,trimebutine为外周性脑腓肽类似物,对控制下腹痛发作次数和时间较美贝维林(mebeverine)为优。苯二氮　类(benzodi-azepine)及麻醉性镇痛剂因有成瘾可能,不推荐…     

Testing for celiac sprue in irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea: a cost-effectiveness analysis

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Some patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) may have undiagnosed celiac sprue (CS). Because the symptoms of CS respond to a gluten-free diet, testing for CS in IBS may prevent years of morbidity and attendant expense. We sought to determine whether this might be a cost-effective diagnostic strategy in IBS-D. METHODS: We used decision analysis to calculate the cost-effectiveness of 2 competing strategies in IBS-D: (1) start empirical IBS treatment and (2) perform serologic test for CS followed by endoscopic biopsy for positive tests. The base-case cohort had a CS prevalence of 3.4%, which was varied between 0% and 100% in sensitivity analysis. The outcome measure was cost per symptomatic improvement. RESULTS: Under base-case conditions, testing for CS instead of starting empiric IBS therapy cost an incremental $11,000 to achieve one additional symptomatic improvement. Testing for CS became the dominant strategy when the prevalence of CS exceeded 8%, the specificity of CS testing exceeded 98%, or the cost of IBS therapy exceeded $130/month. The incremental cost-effectiveness of testing for CS exceeded $50,000 when the prevalence fell below 1%. CONCLUSIONS: Testing for CS in patients with IBS-D has an acceptable cost when the prevalence of CS is above 1% and is the dominant strategy when the prevalence exceeds 8%. The decision to test should be based on a consideration of the population prevalence of underlying CS, the operating characteristics of the screening test employed, and the cost of proposed therapy for IBS.     

Relationship of abdominal bloating to distention in irritable bowel syndrome and effect of bowel habit

BACKGROUND & AIMS: The relationship between the sensation of bloating, often ranked as the most bothersome symptom by patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and actual distention manifest as an increase in abdominal girth is controversial. Investigation of this problem has been hampered by the lack of a reliable ambulatory technique to measure abdominal girth. The aim of this study was to use the technique of abdominal inductance plethysmography to compare diurnal variation in girth in IBS patients and healthy volunteers, relating these changes to the sensation of bloating. METHODS: Abdominal girth was recorded for 24 hours in 20 IBS-constipation (age, 18-73 y), 20 IBS-diarrhea (age, 25-62 y) and 10 IBS-alternating (age, 21-59 y) female patients meeting Rome II criteria and 20 healthy female controls (age, 18-67 y). All subjects pursued normal daily activities, recording their symptoms of bloating and pain together with bowel habit. RESULTS: All patients with IBS, irrespective of bowel habit, reported significantly greater bloating than controls (P < .0001). Forty-eight percent of patients also showed distention beyond the 90% control range, with this being most prominent in IBS-constipation. Bloating correlated strongly only with distention in IBS-constipation (r > or = 0.48; P < or = .02). Neither bloating nor distention in IBS was related to body mass index, age, parity, or psychologic status. CONCLUSIONS: Abdominal distention is a clearly definable phenomenon in IBS that can reach 12 cm. However, it only occurs in half of patients reporting bloating, and the 2 only correlate in IBS-constipation. Bloating and distention may differ pathophysiologically and this appears to be reflected in the bowel habit subtype.     

二味中药复方治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的实验研究

目的观察二味中药煎剂对肝郁脾虚型肠易激综合征大鼠的治疗作用及对胃动素和胆囊收缩素的影响。方法将实验动物随机分为6组：正常组、模型组、阳性对照组及二味中药高、中、低剂量组。运用番泻叶水煎剂灌胃和束缚结合造模,以各剂量的二味中药煎剂治疗,得舒特为阳性对照药物,测定大鼠稀便级及血清和结肠黏膜中胃动素和胆囊收缩素的含量。结果高、中剂量的二味中药可以明显改变大鼠的稀便级;二味中药和得舒特可以明显降低结肠黏膜中胆囊收缩素的含量;胃动素在血浆和结肠黏膜中无显著变化。结论二味中药可以有效治疗肠易激综合征,其作用机制可能与调节胃肠激素有关。     

A prospective assessment of bowel habit in irritable bowel syndrome in women: defining an alternator

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is subtyped as IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) or IBS with constipation (IBS-C) based on Rome II guidelines. The remaining group is considered as having mixed IBS (IBS-M). There is no standard definition of an alternator (IBS-A), in which bowel habit changes over time. Our aim was to use Rome II criteria to prospectively assess change in bowel habit for more than 1 year to understand IBS-A. METHODS: Female patients (n=317) with IBS entering a National Institutes of Health treatment trial were studied at baseline with questionnaires and 2-week daily diary cards of pain and stool frequency and consistency. Studies were repeated at the end of treatment (3 months) and at four 3-month intervals for one more year. Algorithms to classify subjects into IBS-D, IBS-C, and IBS-M groups used diary card information and modified Rome II definitions. Changes in bowel habit at 3-month intervals were then assessed using these surrogate diary card measures. RESULTS: At baseline, 36% had IBS-D, 31% IBS-M, and 34% IBS-C. Except for stool frequency, there were no differences between groups. While the proportion of subjects in each subgroup remained the same over the year, most individuals (more than 75%) changed to either of the other 2 subtypes at least once. IBS-M was the least stable (50% changed out by 12 weeks). Patients were more likely to transition between IBS-M and IBS-C than between IBS-D and IBS-M. Notably, only 29% switched between the IBS-D and IBS-C subtypes over the year. CONCLUSIONS: While the proportion of subjects in each of the IBS subtypes stays the same, individuals commonly transition between subtypes, particularly between IBS-M and IBS-C. We recommend that IBS-A be defined as at least one change between IBS-D and IBS-C by Rome II criteria over a 1-year period.     

Postprandial plasma 5-hydroxytryptamine in diarrhoea predominant irritable bowel syndrome: a pilot study

Background—Increased concentrations of5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) can be detected in the systemic circulationafter a meal and may be involved in the physiological control ofgastrointestinal motility. Abnormalities of 5-HT release after a mealmight explain some of the postprandial symptoms associated with theirritable bowel syndrome (IBS).
Aim—To investigate the effect of a standard mealon plasma 5-HT and urinary 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (5-HIAA)concentrations in patients with diarrhoea predominant IBS and inhealthy volunteers.
Methods—After an overnight fast, six volunteersand five patients with IBS were given a carbohydrate-rich meal. Bloodand urine samples were taken before and for four hours after the meal. Platelet-poor plasma 5-HT and urinary 5-HIAA were analysed by reversedphase high performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection. 5-HIAA was expressed as a ratio with urinary creatinine concentration, which was measured by spectrophotometry.
Results—During the four hour postprandial period,5-HT concentrations were significantly higher in patients with IBS than in healthy volunteers at 0.5 hours (p<0.05), 2 hours (p<0.05) and 2.5 hours (p<0.05). 5-HT was not detected in the plasma in the fastingstate in patients or volunteers. Median peak 5-HT in patients with IBS(359 (198-796) nmol/l) was significantly greater than volunteers (83 (7-190)) (p<0.05). "Area under the curve" for 5-HT detection wasgreater for patients with IBS (317(138-771)) than for healthyvolunteers (51 (4-129); p<0.05).The duration of the 5-HT peak wassignificantly longer in patients with IBS (3 (1-3) hours) than in thehealthy volunteers (1 (1-1) hours; p<0.01). Postprandial urinarymedian 5-HIAA values in controls (5.6 (5.5-5.8) µmol/mmolcreatinine) and patients with IBS (3.0(2.5-6.8) µmol/mmolcreatinine) were not significantly different from preprandial values(controls: 5.9 (5.5-6.6) µmol/mmol creatinine; patients with IBS:(6.2 (2.4-9.3) µmol/mmol creatinine).
Conclusion—These findings indicate that there maybe a difference in the way that 5-HT is released in patients withdiarrhoea predominant IBS, and could suggest a possible role for 5-HTin the postprandial symptoms of these patients.

Keywords:5-hydroxytryptamine; postprandial; diarrhoeapredominant irritable bowel syndrome

     

Bile acid malabsorption: An under-investigated differential diagnosis in patients presenting with diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome type symptoms

Abstract

Objective. Bile acid malabsorption (BAM) has been reported as a possible cause of diarrhea predominant irritable bowel syndrome (D-IBS) type symptoms. We aimed to determine how commonly patients with D-IBS type symptoms had a diagnosis of BAM as demonstrated by a positive SeHCAT (75 Selenium-homocholic acid taurine) test (retention <10% at seven days). Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis was undertaken of patient's records for all patients who underwent a SeHCAT test between 2001 and 2009 in a tertiary hospital (Group A). Concurrently, a cohort of patients with Rome II D-IBS type symptoms was examined to determine the potential utility of SeHCAT test (Group B). Results. In Group A 39.2% (n = 107/273) of patients had a positive SeHCAT result. The median time from first hospital visit to SeHCAT result was 30 weeks. Predictive factors for BAM: terminal ileal Crohn's disease (p < 0.01), terminal ileal resection (p < 0.01), and previous cholecystectomy (p < 0.01). 33.6% of patients who had a positive SeHCAT also had Rome II D-IBS. In Group B the D-IBS control cohort only 1.9% of patients had undergone a SeHCAT scan (p < 0.001 compared to Group A). Conclusion. BAM is common and should be considered earlier when investigating unselected patients with D-IBS type symptoms.     

Challenges to the therapeutic pipeline for irritable bowel syndrome: end points and regulatory hurdles

Recent advances in our understanding of basic neuroenteric mechanisms and the role of effectors and transmitters in the brain-gut axis have provided opportunities to develop new therapeutic agents for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Furthermore, human pharmacodynamic studies utilizing transit, colonic, or rectal sensitivity and brain imaging have been useful in determining therapeutic efficacy (particularly for drugs that act on motor function). This review provides an overview of medications that have not yet been approved for treatment of patients with IBS yet have shown promise in phase IIB trials. These include drugs that act on the serotonin receptor and transporter system: antidepressants, norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors, opioids, cholecystokinin antagonists, neurokinin-antagonists, chloride channel activators, guanylate cyclase C agonists, atypical benzodiazepines, probiotics, and antibiotics. The changing landscape in the regulatory approval process has impacted the development of IBS drugs. Guidance documents from regulatory agencies in Europe and the United States have focused on patients' reported outcomes and associated quality of life. After a decade of experience with different end points that have generated some data on psychometric validation and unprecedented information about responsiveness of the binary or global end points to drug therapy, it is necessary to pursue further validation studies before or during pivotal phase IIB or III trials. The hope of providing relief to patients should galvanize all parties to achieve these goals.     

疏肝健脾化湿法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征临床观察

[目的]观察疏肝健脾化湿法治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征（IBS-D）的临床疗效。[方法]87例IBS-D肝郁脾虚型患者按3：1随机分为2组,中药组66例给予疏肝健脾化湿方治疗,对照组21例给予匹维溴胺治疗,疗程1个月。[结果]疾病疗效评价,治疗后中药组总有效率为93．94％,西药组为61．90％,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）;中医证候疗效评价,治疗后中药组总有效率为89．39％,西药组为66．67％,2组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。疏肝健脾化湿中药能有效改善腹胀腹痛、排便次数、大便性状等主要单项症状,尤其在改善排便次数和大便性状上明显优于匹维溴胺（P〈0．01）。[结论]健脾疏肝化湿法治疗IBS-D具有较好的临床疗效。     

东垣针法联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效及对肠道微生态的影响

目的:观察东垣针法联合双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片治疗腹泻型肠易激综合征的疗效及对肠道微生态的影响.方法:将88例患者随机分为观察组、对照组,每组44例.2组均接受口服双歧杆菌乳杆菌三联活菌片,4片/次,3次/d.对照组给予参苓白术颗粒,1袋,3次/d 口服;观察组给予东垣针法(中脘、天枢、章门、关元、昆仑、胃俞、足三里、...