Cytotoxic Activity Assessment and GC-MS Screening of Two Codium Species Extracts

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Various solvent extracts from two marine green algae, Codium bursa and Codium fragile collected from the North Tunisian coasts during spring and summer seasons...     

Synthesis and Antitumor and Antimetastatic Activity of 5-hydroxypyrimidine Derivatives

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - 2-Isobutyl-4,6-dimethyl-5-hydroxypyrimidine (SNK-411) and its salt (SNK-578) were synthesized. Antitumor and antimetastatic activity of the new derivative...     

鲨鱼肝提取液的免疫活性实验研究

从鲨鱼肝脏中提取一组能有效促进成纤维细胞等多种组织细胞增殖、分化的小分子活性多肽,体外探讨其生物活性及其对人细胞免疫功能的影响。方法：分别用~３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ ＤＮＡ掺入法、细胞学技术、ＥＬＩＳＡ、生物素－链霉亲和素（ＢＳＡ）免疫细胞化学法及~（１２５）Ｉ－ＵｄＲ释放试验检测其免疫活性。结果：可明显增强肝瘤细胞株７２１１细胞ＤＮＡ合成,有效提高Ｔ淋巴细胞形成Ｅａ花环能力（Ｐ＜０．０１）,诱导ＰＢＭＣ细胞分泌ＩＦＮ－γ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,增强ＮＫ细胞活性（Ｐ＜０．０５）,促进ＰＢＭＣ细胞表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ抗原的表达（Ｐ＜０．００１）。结论：鲨鱼肝提取液对机体细胞免疫功能具有良好的正向调节作用,提示其在改善机体免疫状态,提高机体免疫防御机制等方面具有较高的应用价值。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Some Lichen Extracts

Pharmaceutical Chemistry Journal - Cladonia rangiferina is a bushy lichen of the genus Cladonia and has a multi-regional distribution. This plant contains usnic acid as the main biologically active...     

Antifungal Activity of Tagetes patula Extracts

In the present paper the methanol extracts obtained from 10 cultivars of Tagetes patula were assayed on two phytopathogenic fungi: Botrytis cinerea and Fusarium moniliforme. B. cinerea showed a high dose-dependent inhibition, with a marked difference between light and dark treatment. F. moniliforme seems to be a more resistant test that does not appear to be affected by the different treatment conditions (light-dark) even at the highest dose. However, it can be asserted that Tagetes patula is a possible source of antifungal substances and that thiophene activity is, in general, strongly increased by UV-A irradiation. During the experiment the method of chromatographic plates was used to evaluate plant extracts bioactivity. The obtained data indicate that it is a rapid method than can be used as an alternative to Petri dish tests.     

小叶莲提取物抗乳腺肿瘤活性研究

目的:研究小叶莲提取物抗乳腺肿瘤活性。方法:培养人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7和MDA-MB-231,每孔分别加入1、25、50、100μg/ml小叶莲乙醇提取物(X1)、乙酸乙酯提取物(X2)、正丁醇提取物(X3),6.25、12.5、25、50、100μmol/L 8,2’-二异戊烯基槲皮素-3-甲醚(S1)、槲皮素(S2),测定各成分对癌细胞的抑制率。裸小鼠腋下注射MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞以复制荷瘤小鼠模型。模型小鼠分别灌胃给予等容生理盐水(模型组)、15 mg/kg环磷酰胺(环磷酰胺组)、500 mg/kg X1(X1组)、500 mg/kg X2(X2组)、500 mg/kg X3(X3组),每天1次,连续15 d,测定小鼠体质量、瘤质量,计算瘤质量抑制率。模型小鼠分别灌胃给予等容生理盐水(模型组)、15mg/kg环磷酰胺(环磷酰胺组)、15 mg/kg S1(S1组)、15 mg/kg S2(S2组),每天1次,连续9 d,测定小鼠瘤体积,计算瘤体积抑制率。结果:1、25、50、100μg/ml X1、X2与12.5、25、50、100μmol/L S1、S2对MCF-7人乳腺癌细胞有较强抑制作用;各成分对MDA-MB-231细胞抑制作用均较弱。与模型组比较,X1组、X2组、X3组小鼠瘤质量抑制率升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。与模型组比较,S1组、S2组小鼠瘤质量抑制率、瘤体积抑制率升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:小叶莲提取物有一定的抗乳腺肿瘤活性。     

人面子叶提取物抑菌作用研究

目的:研究人面子叶石油醚、氯仿、乙酸乙酯及正丁醇部位的抑菌作用。方法:采用纸片扩散法进行抑菌试验研究。结果:人面子叶的乙酸乙酯部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌及枯草芽孢杆菌抑菌作用最强,最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为每片0.117～0.234mg;正丁醇部位抑菌作用次之,MIC为每片0.496mg。结论:人面子叶乙酸乙酯部位抑菌作用较其它提取部位强,可为其后期开发提供理论依据。     

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts of Marchantia polymorpha

The crude methanol and flavonoid (free and bound) extracts of Marchantia polymorpha L. (Marchantiaceae) were screened against three bacterial strains, viz., Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis (Gram negative), and Staphylococcus aureus (Gram positive), and four fungal strains, viz., Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, Candida albicans, and Trychophyton mentagrophytes. Disk diffusion and microbroth dilution techniques were performed for evaluation of antimicrobial activity of the extracts. Total activity of extracts (mL) against each sensitive pathogen was also evaluated. Methanol and free flavonoid extract showed best activity against S. aureus (IZ 20.6 and 19.6 mm, MIC 0.281 and 0.312 mg/mL, MBC 1.125 and 0.312 mg/mL, respectively). However, all the microorganisms were found to be sensitive against the extracts tested. Total activity for P. mirabilis and S. aureus for methanol extract was found to be the same (124 mL), but was maximum for free flavonoid against C. albicans (199 mL). The current study indicates that the tested extracts of Marchantia polymorpha may be exploited for antimicrobial drugs in the future.     

益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响

目的:研究益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动的影响。方法:采用小鼠在体胃肠运动实验和家兔离体肠肌运动实验,观察益智仁醇提取物对正常小鼠胃排空、小肠推进运动和家兔离体肠肌收缩的影响。结果:益智仁醇提取物在5、10、20g·kg-1剂量下给药对正常小鼠胃排空有显著抑制作用,对家兔离体肠肌收缩有显著抑制作用,对氯化乙酰胆碱引起的肠肌兴奋有显著拮抗作用。结论:益智仁醇提取物对动物胃肠运动有抑制作用,其作用途径可能与M胆碱受体有关。     

Antioxidant Activity in the Extracts of Two Edible Aroids

Two neglected species of Araceae, Alocasia macrorhiza (Linn.) G. Don and Alocasia fornicata (Roxb.) Schott are important as food and ethno medicine in Asia and Africa. Their bioefficacy is documented in the Ayurveda. The solvent extracts of different edible parts of these two species like rhizomes, leaves, roots and stolons were screened for in vitro antioxidant properties using standard procedures. The successive extracts in hexane, benzene, toluene, chloroform, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate and water fraction exhibited IC₅₀ values in the following order, roots>rhizome>leaves for Alocasia macrorhiza and leaves>stolon for Alocasia fornicate, respectively in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl antioxidant inhibition assay. Maximum antioxidant activity was observed in diethyl ether extracts for both species. The IC₅₀ values were comparable with those of quercetine and ascorbic acid as standards. These results suggest that the two aroid species have antioxidant activity in their edible parts and should be extracted using diethyl ether solvent.     

Antibacterial Activity of Silphium perfoliatum. Extracts

Abstract

Methanol and hexane extracts obtained from above-and below-ground organs of the cup plant Silphium perfoliatum. L. (Asteraceae) were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Eighty-five components were identified in the extracts. Moreover, evaluation of the content of total secondary metabolites (flavonoids, o.-dihydroxyphenols, and glycoside-bonded oleanolic acid) was made in the methanol extract. It was found that leaf, inflorescence, and rhizome extracts of S. perfoliatum. were characterized by antibacterial action toward Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis., Staphylococcus aureus.) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli., Pseudomonas aeruginosa. bacteria). All the extracts showed extremely high activity toward Staphylococcus aureus. FDA 209P strains (MIC values: 1.00 mg/mL for rhizome alcohol and hexane extracts; 2.50 mg/mL for leaf and inflorescence alcohol extracts and for leaf hexane extracts; 5.00 mg/mL for inflorescence hexane extracts). In general, alcohol extracts had slightly stronger antibacterial properties compared with lipophilic ones. Among the alcohol extracts, those made of S. perfoliatum. rhizomes had the highest activity compared with the leaf and inflorescence extracts.     

Anti-HIV Activity Directed Fractionation of the Extracts of Margyricarpus Setosus

Abstract

The outline sheet shown here (sometimes called “key sheet”) was developed as a means of systematic organization in the study of crude drugs by following a logical and uniform order of topics.     

鸡骨草醇提物体外抗氧化自由基作用研究

目的 测定鸡骨草(Herba Abri)色素的抗活性氧自由基活性作用,为充分利用鸡骨草资源提供理论依据。方法 以65%乙醇作为溶剂,pH=3条件下浸泡24 h,利用旋转蒸发器减压蒸发辅助法提取鸡骨草色素;通过紫外分光光度法测定鸡骨草色素清除超氧自由基(?O2-)和羟自由基（?OH）能力﹑清除1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基能力、普鲁士法测定其还原Fe3 能力、以及以丁基羟基茴香醚（butylated hydroxylanisole, BHA）作对照测定鸡骨草色素对金属离子Fe2 螯合能力。结果 鸡骨草色素具有较强的清除超氧自由基(?O2-)、羟自由基（?OH）、DPPH自由基能力,还原Fe3 能力和Fe2 螯合能力。结论 鸡骨草色素具有较强抗氧化作用,其抗氧化性随着浓度的增大而增强。     

Antitumor Activity of Extracts from Peperomia elongata.

Abstract

The cytotoxic potential of ethanol extracts from Peperomia elongata. H. B. & K. (Piperaceae) were evaluated against human cancer cell lines by the MTT method. The samples considered cytotoxic were tested for antimitotic activity with the sea urchin egg development test and for hemolytic activity using mice erythrocytes. The extracts from leaves (hexane), stems (ethanol, hexane, hexane:AcOEt, AcOEt, and MeOH:H₂O insoluble), and roots (R4) presented potential cytotoxic action. The stems extracts showed the highest toxicity in all tumor cell lines tested, with an IC₅₀ ≤ 9.0 µg/mL for ethanol extract, IC₅₀ ≤ 11.6 µg/mL for MeOH:H₂O insoluble, IC₅₀ ≤ 7.3 µg/mL for hexane extract, IC₅₀ ≤ 11.4 µg/mL for hexane: AcOEt, and IC₅₀ ≤ 16.2 µg/mL for AcOEt extract. All extracts considered cytotoxic for tumoral cell lines presented antimitotic activity. The samples from roots (R4) and stems (ethanol, MeOH:H₂O insoluble, and hexane extract from leaves) were found to possess lytic activity in mice erythrocytes but in higher doses (> 125 µg/mL). Further studies for the isolation and identification of the active principles of these extracts should be undertaken.     

Antimicrobial Activity of Neotropical Wood and Bark Extracts

A total of 203 wood and bark extracts obtained from a Neotropical lowland rainforest in French Guiana were tested for antimicrobial activity against a panel of four human pathogens. Inhibitory activity against Staphylococcus aureus was regularly observed. Significant growth inhibition against Enterococcus faecilis was found in species belonging to the plant genus Sloanea (Elaeocarpaceae) and various Sapotaceae. The plant genera Eschweilera, Gustavia and Couratari (Lecythidaceae) showed notable growth inhibitory activity against both Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecilis. Fractionation of the active extracts showed that the activities against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria appear to be associated with different compounds. In some cases several replicates were sampled, showing that intraspecific activity levels may vary. The results of the screening experiments are compared to eth nomedicinal information available from northern South America and adjacent areas.     

益生汤抗氧化活性研究

目的:研究益生汤抗氧化作用.方法:用体外化学模拟体系研究了益生汤清除DPPH自由基、羟基(·OH)自由基和超氧阴离子(O2-)自由基的能力以及益生汤总的还原能力、抑制亚油酸过氧化作用进行了测定;通过D-半乳糖诱导的衰老小鼠研究益生汤对小鼠心肌线粒体超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,丙二醛(MDA)含量及肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性的影响.结果:益生汤清除DPPH自由基、·OH自由基和O2-自由基的IC50值分别为0.547 0、0.209 1和0.300 9 mg·ml-1;总还原力的IC50为0.506 2 mg·ml-1;益生汤可明显抑制亚油酸的氧化.体内研究显示,与模型组相比,益生汤可剂量依赖性提高小鼠心肌线粒体中SOD的活性(P＜0.01)和肝组织GSH-Px活性(P＜0.01),降低心肌线粒体中MDA的含量(P＜0.01).结论:益生汤有一定的抗氧化功能,具有良好的开发前景.     

河豚内脏提取物的部分生物学活性

从河豚鱼内脏分离得到的一种具有凝集红细胞生物功能的活性物质.但不同部位提取的活性物质凝集活性不同,在测试的红细胞中,从肝脏提取的活性物质没有明显的血型专一性,而从卵巢提取的活性物质具有血型专一性.它们都对龟的红细胞不凝集.在PHA的协同作用下,活性物质对红细胞的凝集活性有明显的变化,在一定浓度范围内凝集活性增强,而浓度太低反而抑制PHA的凝集活性,此外,还对荷瘤小鼠的红细胞、脾细胞、胸腺细胞、肿瘤细胞进行了凝集活性测定.     

绿萼梅提取物对小鼠的抗抑郁作用

目的：观察绿萼梅提取物对小鼠的抗抑郁作用。方法采用悬尾实验（ TFT）、强迫游泳（ FST）等体内药效评价方法观察绿萼梅醇提取物和水提取物对抑郁模型小鼠的治疗作用。结果绿萼梅醇提物能明显缩短小鼠悬尾和强迫游泳不动时间（ P＜0．05）,且对自主活动无影响（ P＞0．05）;而水提物对小鼠悬尾和强迫游泳不动时间无显著影响（ P＞0．05）。结论绿萼梅乙醇提取物具有抗小鼠抑郁作用。     

Mosquito Repellent Activity of the Methanol Extracts of Some Ascidian Species

The methanol extracts of seven marine ascidian species (Clavelina picta, Eudistoma obscuratum, Atriolum robustum, Didemnum sp., D. molle, Phallusia sp. and Aplidium sp.) from Malaysia were investigated for their repellency effects against four vector mosquitoes (Anopheles maculatus, Aedes aegypti, Ae. albopictus and Culex quinquefasciatus). Mosquito repellent activity was assessed by using the test cage described in the American Society for Testing and Materials standard E951-83. The extracts showed a significant degree of repellency against the mosquitoes with ED 50 values ranging from 0.0008 to 0.0746mgcm -2. The repellency effects were dose-dependent and selective as the ED 50 values showed variation towards the various mosquitoes. Amongst these, the extract of Didemnum sp., with an ED 50 of 0.0008 mgcm -2 against An. maculatus, was the most effective, comparable to the value obtained with the standard repellent, deet.