左胸小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术70例

目的评价采用新型悬吊式乳内动脉牵开系统完成左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析2012年5月至2013年8月北京大学人民医院心脏外科完成左胸前外侧MIDCAB术70例患者的临床资料,使用悬吊式乳内动脉牵开系统(FEHLING)直视下获取左乳内动脉,然后完成乳内动脉-前降支吻合。其中男60例、女10例,年龄44~76(56.8±9.2)岁;单支病变42例(60.0%),左主干或多支病变28例(40.0%)。结果 70例手术均顺利完成,围术期无死亡、心肌梗死、脑卒中、肾功能衰竭等严重并发症。呼吸机治疗时间4~16(9.7±5.2)h,术后住ICU时间10~24(20.8±10.8)h。术后复查冠状动脉脉造影17例均提示左乳内动脉桥通畅性良好。随访1~14个月,无死亡,无心肌梗死或心绞痛发生。结论使用新型悬吊式乳内动脉牵开系统行MIDCAB手术安全可行。     

不同手术方式重建左前降支血运的效果

目的 比较使用非体外循环心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB)、微创小切口直视下心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(MIDCAB)和机器人辅助冠状动脉旁路移植术(RA-CAB)3种不同方式行左前降支(LAD)血运重建的围手术期效果.方法 2009年2月至2012年5月,接受单纯LAD血运重建患者102例,其中OPCAB组31例,MIDCAB组45例,RA-CAB组26例.MIDCAB手术方式为左胸小切口心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术,RA-CAB手术方式为da Vinci机器人辅助左乳内动脉(LI-MA)获取,左胸小切口心脏不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术.结果 3组患者在术中旁路血管流量、搏动指数和围手术期死亡、心肌梗死、脑血管意外、再次血运重建、严重心脑血管不良事件(MACCE事件)、肾功能衰竭、再次开胸止血、新发心房颤动、纵隔感染以及术后并发症率上均无显著差异.相比OPCAB,MIDCAB和RA-CAB能显著减少输血率(4.4％对32.3％,P＜0.05;7.7％对32.3％,P＜0.05),其中RA-CAB更能显著缩短术后住院天数[(8.8±3.2)天对(12.4±7.7)天,P＜0.05)].MIDCAB与RACAB两组之间围手术期结果差异无统计学意义.结论 MIDCAB和RA-CAB治疗左前降支血管病变安全、有效、可行,围手术期效果满意,比OPCAB能显著减少血制品的使用,RA-CAB更能大大缩短术后住院天数,具有创伤更小、恢复更快的优势.     

微创冠状动脉旁路术33例中期结果报告

目的总结33例经左胸小切口微创冠状动脉旁路术(minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass,MIDCAB)的中期疗效. 方法 2000年11月～2003年4月共行MIDCAB 33例,单纯MIDCAB 29例,杂交技术4例.25例采用经典MIDCAB,4例胸腔镜辅助,4例AESOP机器人辅助. 结果全组无手术死亡,无手术并发症.呼吸机脱机时间(7.5±1.9) h,引流量(274±197)ml,输血率9.1%(3/33),术后住院(6.9±1.7)d.随访33例,时间(24.3±5.7)个月,无远期死亡,心绞痛复发率9.1%(3/33).术后再次冠状动脉造影4例,1例吻合口狭窄50%,余3例前降支与左乳内动脉吻合口通畅.术后导管再次血管化2例(6.1%). 结论 MIDCAB术中期效果满意.     

新型胸壁牵开系统与改良心脏稳定器在左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用北大核心CSCD

目的总结经左前外侧胸部小切口在直视下获取左乳内动脉（left internal mammary artery,LIMA）行冠状动脉前降支旁路移植术的临床价值。方法 2012年5月~2014年6月在全身麻醉非体外循环下完成左前外侧胸部小切口冠状动脉旁路移植手术（minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass,MIDCAB）200例。术中使用新型胸壁悬吊拉钩在直视下获取LIMA,应用改良稳定器在非体外循环下行前降支旁路移植。138例接受单纯左胸MIDCAB,62例接受左胸MIDCAB与冠状动脉介入相结合的分站式杂交。结果术后呼吸机使用时间（9.1±4.3）h,监护室停留时间（26.4±14.4）h。术后完全无输血156例,44例输红细胞2~6 U（中位数4 U）。1例（0.5%）发生围手术期心肌梗死,该患者出院后死于心力衰竭（死亡率0.5%）。106例术后1周造影复查,2例（2/106,1.9%）左乳内动脉桥闭塞,随即再行常规冠状动脉旁路移植手术,康复出院。197例随访2~26个月,（9.4±6.2）月,无死亡、心绞痛或心肌梗死发生。结论新型悬吊式乳内动脉牵开系统可以在直视下从第1肋上缘开始获取LIMA,使用改良心脏稳定器便于在心脏跳动下完成冠状动脉吻合,从而获得良好的临床效果。     

冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗左主干分叉病变

目的探讨冠状动脉左主干分叉病变的外科治疗方法,总结其临床经验。方法1999年3月至2008年4月我院共收治29例冠状动脉左主干分叉病变患者,在体外循环心脏不停跳下行冠状动脉旁路移植术（CABG）,观察体外循环时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU时间、住院时间、围术期以及随访情况。结果体外循环时间为48．2±15．5min,术后呼吸机辅助时间14．2±4．6h,住ICU时间3．3±0．8d,住院时间18．0±2．7d,无围术期心肌梗死发生。本组患者随访7～98个月（29．0±19．2个月）,25例心绞痛症状完全消失,2例心绞痛症状缓解,3例于术后3年、4年和8年分别死于脑血管病变、心脏骤停及肺癌。超声心动图检查提示：左心室收缩功能获得不同程度的改善。结论冠状动脉左主干分叉病变应用体外循环心脏不停跳CABG可以取得良好的治疗效果。     

新型胸壁牵开系统与改良心脏稳定器在左胸小切口冠状动脉旁路移植手术中的应用

目的总结经左前外侧胸部小切口在直视下获取左乳内动脉(left internal mammary artery,LIMA)行冠状动脉前降支旁路移植术的临床价值。方法 2012年5月~2014年6月在全身麻醉非体外循环下完成左前外侧胸部小切口冠状动脉旁路移植手术(minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass,MIDCAB)200例。术中使用新型胸壁悬吊拉钩在直视下获取LIMA,应用改良稳定器在非体外循环下行前降支旁路移植。138例接受单纯左胸MIDCAB,62例接受左胸MIDCAB与冠状动脉介入相结合的分站式杂交。结果术后呼吸机使用时间(9.1±4.3)h,监护室停留时间(26.4±14.4)h。术后完全无输血156例,44例输红细胞2~6 U(中位数4 U)。1例(0.5%)发生围手术期心肌梗死,该患者出院后死于心力衰竭(死亡率0.5%)。106例术后1周造影复查,2例(2/106,1.9%)左乳内动脉桥闭塞,随即再行常规冠状动脉旁路移植手术,康复出院。197例随访2~26个月,(9.4±6.2)月,无死亡、心绞痛或心肌梗死发生。结论新型悬吊式乳内动脉牵开系统可以在直视下从第1肋上缘开始获取LIMA,使用改良心脏稳定器便于在心脏跳动下完成冠状动脉吻合,从而获得良好的临床效果。     

术前置入主动脉内球囊反搏对高危冠状动脉旁路移植术患者预后的影响

目的比较高危冠心病患者术前预防性置入主动脉内球囊反搏(IABP)和被动紧急置入IABP对临床预后的影响. 方法 35例接受冠状动脉旁路移植手术同时需接受IABP置入的患者,根据置入的时机不同分为两组.术前置入组 接受术前预防性置入IABP;对照组术中或术后接受紧急置入IABP.比较两组围术期死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、术后心功能不全和需要正性肌力药物辅助的程度、IABP使用的时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间和重症监护治疗病房(ICU)停留时间. 结果术前置入组围手术期死亡率和心肌梗死发生率分别为11.1%和0%,较对照组低(65.4%,50%;P＝0.007,0.013);两组呼吸机辅助通气时间、IABP使用时间、术后需正性肌力药物辅助时间以及术后平均住ICU时间差别均有显著性意义(P＜0.05). 结论术前预防性置入IABP能降低围术期死亡率、心肌梗死发生率,减少对正性肌力药物的需要量和缩短住ICU时间.     

80岁以上高龄患者冠状动脉旁路移植术的围术期处理

目的探讨80岁以上高龄患者行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的围术期处理经验。方法自2001年6月至2007年3月,我院共为56例80岁(82.98±5.97岁)以上高龄患者行单纯CABG,其中体外循环CABG9例,非体外循环CABG(OPCAB)47例。每例移植血管1~5支(2.99±0.47支)。结果围术期死亡4例(7.14%),死于呼吸衰竭2例、低心排血量综合征1例、急性肾功能衰竭1例。术后发生低心排血量综合征5例、呼吸系统并发症6例(3例行气管切开)、急性肾功能损伤4例(2例行持续性肾脏替代治疗)。术后发生心房颤动39例。术中和术后应用主动脉内球囊反搏3例,呼吸机辅助时间12.0±9.8h,住ICU时间3.91±1.98d,术后住院时间12.35±4.46d。48例患者随访1~59个月,随访期间死亡10例,生存的患者心绞痛症状均缓解或消失。结论80岁以上高龄患者行CABG仍有较高的死亡率,应加强围术期处理,以进一步降低死亡率和并发症的发生率。     

左主干完全闭塞的外科治疗

目的 探讨冠状动脉左主干完全闭塞的外科治疗方法,总结其临床经验.方法 1998年3月～2006年11月我院共收治6例冠状动脉左主干完全闭塞患者,在体外循环心脏不停跳下行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG),观察体外循环时间、术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU时间、住院时间、围术期以及随访情况.结果 体外循环时间为88.2±15.5min,术后呼吸机辅助时间14.2±4.6h,住ICU时间3.3±0.8d,住院时间18.0±2.7d,无围术期心肌梗死发生.6例均随访,随访时间29.0±19.2个月,心绞痛症状均消失,无1例死亡.超声心动图检查提示左心室收缩功能得到不同程度的改善.结论 冠状动脉左主干完全闭塞患者施行体外循环心脏不停跳CABG,可以取得良好的临床疗效.     

分站式Hybrid杂交手术治疗冠状动脉多支病变高龄患者的短期疗效分析

目的探讨分站式Hybrid杂交手术对80岁以上冠状动脉多支病变患者围术期疗效及心血管不良事件发生率的影响。方法回顾性分析2006年1月至2013年12月我院67例80岁以上高龄冠状动脉多支病变患者的临床资料,其中男44例、女23例,平均年龄(82.4±2.1)岁。根据手术方式的不同,将患者分为分站式Hybrid杂交手术组[29例,男19例、女10例,平均年龄(83.2±3.1)岁]和传统开胸手术组[38例,男25例、女13例,平均年龄(83.3±3.4)岁],比较两组患者围术期临床结果。结果 80岁以上患者分站式Hybrid杂交手术与传统开胸手术组相比,其机械通气时间[(6.7±2.2)h vs.(18.2±3.4)h]、术后总住院时间[(15.7±3.0)d vs.(20.7±5.6)d]明显缩短,术后24 h引流量[(176.5±32.3)ml vs.(443.8±51.5)ml]明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P均0.05)。两组患者围术期不良事件发生率差异有统计学意义(6.9%vs.23.1%,P0.05)。结论分站式Hybrid杂交手术能明显降低80岁以上高龄冠状动脉多支病变患者围术期心血管不良事件发生率,缩短术后住院时间和术后机械通气时间,减少术后24 h引流量,改善高龄患者手术预后。     

143例微创冠状动脉旁路移植术有效性和安全性的倾向性评分匹配研究

目的 对比微创冠状动脉旁路移植术(minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting,MICABG)和常规开胸搭桥围术期临床效果,分析MICABG的有效性和安全性.方法 收集2017年1月至2020年9月北京安贞医院单医疗组接受不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术患者共543例,其...     

Robotically enhanced minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass surgery: a winning strategy?

AIM: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) through a small anterolateral thoracotomy on the beating heart can be considered as the better approach for treating isolated lesions on the left anterior descending (LAD) artery. This original MIDCAB procedure, however, involves a larger and often painful thoracotomy due to rib spreading. We describe our experience with robotically enhanced harvesting of one or both internal mammary arteries (IMAs), and with anastomosis performed under direct vision on a beating heart through a very small thoracotomy without rib retraction. METHODS: Between February 2001 and January 2006, 146 consecutive patients underwent robotically enhanced MIDCAB surgery. Perioperative and early follow-up data were analyzed. RESULTS: In all, 144 left and 13 right IMAs were harvested. The mean extubation time was 11.3 h, the mean intensive care (ICU) stay was 30.3 h, the mean hospital stay 8 days. There were no in-hospital deaths, postoperative myocardial infarctions or renal failures. Systematic control angiograms performed in the first 64 patients showed a 96.3% patency rate of the investigated anastomoses. CONCLUSION: Robotically assisted takedown of the IMA and direct off-pump anastomosis through a small anterolateral thoracotomy with no rib retraction appears to be safe, with minimal morbidity, little blood loss, and a reasonable ventilation time, ICU and hospital stay. It is recommended as the preferred method of revascularization for a growing number of indications and certainly an acceptable alternative to percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.     

经左胸前外侧小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的 评价经左胸前外侧小切口冠状动脉旁路移植术的临床疗效及远期随访结果.方法 2002年1月至2006年10月,38例单支或多支冠状动脉病变患者经左胸前外侧小切口进胸,直视下或胸腔镜辅助下,完成非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术.其中男性25例.女性13例;年龄38～78岁,平均(63.3±11.1)岁.结果 38例手术均顺利完成.20例行单纯旁路移植1支;10例先行支架植入,后行胸廓内动脉至前降支端侧吻合,其中2例行胸廓内动脉与第一对角支、前降支序贯吻合;8例行旁路移植2支,其中3例为序贯吻合,5例应用桡动脉行"Y"形吻合.术后无死亡及严重并发症.37例患者获得26～82个月随访,平均(53.2±28.5)个月;无晚期死亡,无再发心肌梗死.心功能Ⅰ级26例,Ⅱ级12例.3例心绞痛复发,2例经药物控制后症状缓解,1例经造影证实吻合口狭窄于术后2年行支架植入.结论 左前外侧小切口非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术具有较低的病死率和心脏不良事件发生率,远期结果良好.     

左胸前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术26例

目的探讨左胸前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术的效果.方法26例单支或2支血管病变经左胸前外侧小切口进胸,其中14例直视下游离乳内动脉,12例在胸腔镜辅助下游离,肝素化后切开心包,显露病变的靶血管,心脏跳动下行冠状动脉旁路移植术.结果26例手术顺利完成,22例旁路移植1支,4例旁路移植2支(1例行序贯吻合,3例桡动脉与乳内动脉行"Y"形吻合).术后无死亡及严重并发症.26例随访3个月～3年,平均16.8月,无心绞痛复发,心功能Ⅰ级18例,Ⅱ级8例.结论左前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术主要适用于前降支单支病变者,对于合并高危因素,不宜行常规冠状动脉旁路移植的多支血管病变病人亦适用.     

经左前外侧小切口不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗多支血管病变的临床研究

目的 分析经左前外侧小切口行不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)治疗多支血管病变冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)的安全性和随访结果.方法 回顾性分析2018年1月至2020年3月在我院行左前外侧小切口不停跳CABG 30例多支血管病变冠心病患者的临床资料,其中男18例、女12例,平均年龄(61.3±7.5)岁;三支血...     

Coronary revascularization of the circumflex system: different approaches and long-term outcome

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass, without cardiopulmonary bypass, through a left lateral thoracotomy approach (lateral MIDCAB), is a safe alternative to coronary artery bypass surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (on-pump CABG) of the circumflex system via median sternotomy. However, it is unknown whether lateral MIDCAB may yield an improved long-term outcome over the conventional on-pump median sternotomy approach. METHODS: We compared the perioperative outcomes of patients undergoing lateral MIDCAB (n = 34) versus conventional on-pump CABG of the circumflex system (n = 16) from June 1996 to July 1999. The two groups were similar with respect to baseline characteristics and risk stratification. Patients who required only one or two grafts for complete revascularization were included. RESULTS: Lateral MIDCAB patients had a lower need than on-pump CABG patients for intraoperative (12% MIDCAB vs 43% on-pump CABG, p = 0.03) and postoperative transfusions (29% vs 69%, p = 0.01), had fewer neuropsychologic changes (0% vs 19%, p = 0.03), and had a lower rate of postoperative atrial fibrillation (12% vs 44%, p = 0.02). Lateral MIDCAB was also associated with a significantly lower postoperative length of stay (5 +/- 2 vs 7 +/- 3 days, p = 0.02). Actuarial survival at a mean period of follow-up of 19 +/- 11 months was 97% for the lateral MIDCAB versus 88% for the on-pump CABG group (p = 0.6). Event-free survival was 88% for lateral MIDCAB versus 81% for on-pump CABG (p = 0.1). CONCLUSIONS: Lateral MIDCAB may safely be performed in patients with isolated coronary artery disease of the circumflex system with improved early morbidity and an abbreviated hospital stay compared with conventional median sternotomy on-pump CABG.     

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass for redo patients

Background. The minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) procedure, using a small anterolateral thoracotomy without cardiopulmonary bypass, has been recommended for high-risk patients because it is less traumatic than conventional coronary artery bypass grafting. For redo patients who have patent grafts and pericardial adhesions, the MIDCAB may be preferable to the conventional operation because manipulation of the graft and dissection of adhesions may be minimized.

Methods. Since November 1995, 120 patients underwent the MIDCAB procedure in our institution. Among these patients, there were 25 redo cases (20.8%). We reviewed these redo cases and studied their surgical results (mortality, morbidity, hospital stay, operation time, and postoperative inotropic support). To clarify the usefulness of this procedure, we compared the results of redo operations with those of the first-time operations.

Results. For redo MIDCAB, there was one operative death (4%) because of intestinal infarction. The mean hospital stay was 4.3 days and the number of patients who needed postoperative positive inotropic agents was 3 (12%). There was no significant differences between redo and first-time operation patients in mortality, morbidity, hospital stay, operation time, and postoperative inotropic support.

Conclusions. Results of the MIDCAB procedure for redo patients were comparable to those for primary MIDCAB operations.     

Minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass for completely obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery.

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the efficacy of minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB) using the left internal thoracic artery (LITA) in patients with completely obstructed left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). METHODS: Ten patients undergoing MIDCAB for LAD stenosis were enrolled in this study. These patients were all men aged 45 to 69 years, and were divided into two groups, one showing complete LAD obstruction (n=5, Group A), and one about 90% stenosis of the LAD (n=5, Group B). RESULTS: The internal size of the LAD at the anastomosis site was significantly smaller in Group A than in Group B, and the time required for graft anastomosis in Group A was significantly longer. Total operation time, intubation time after operation, perioperative bleeding, total blood transfusion, max CK-MB, and hospital stay did not significantly differ between the two groups. Postoperative coronary angiography revealed good graft patency in both groups, however, one Group A patient had graft obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: The MIDCAB procedure appears useful even in our patients with completely obstructed LAD, despite the long anastomosis time. However, the indications for this procedure are limited by any perceived difficulty in harvesting the LITA by indirect vision or in performing the anastomosis based on the size or quality of the LAD. Intensive preoperative angiography evaluation is essential and conversion to a median full-sternotomy is necessary for cases in which we cannot confirm the feasibility of MIDCAB.     

"一站式"复合(Hybrid)技术治疗冠状动脉多支病变35例

目的 总结"一站式"复合("Hybrid")技术治疗冠状动脉多支病变经验,探讨其临床应用价值.方法 2007年6月至2008年5月,35例冠心病病人在"一站式"复合手术室内接受治疗.冠状动脉病变平均2.5支/例.左心室射血分数0.62±0.07.经胸骨下端小切口在不停跳状态下行左乳内动脉(LIMA)至前降支(LAD)旁路移植术.即刻冠状动脉造影证实LIMA-LAD通畅后同期对其他冠状动脉病变靶血管行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI).结果 住院期间无出血再次开胸、卒中、围术期心梗、急性肾功能衰竭或死亡等发生.全组34例顺利行"一站式"复合手术,旁路移植后即刻冠状动脉造影示吻合u通畅,LAD血运重建满意.1例PCI时因钝缘支夹层转为体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG).全组PCI治疗冠状动脉病变61处,其中6处病变行单纯球囊扩张冠状动脉成形术,其余部位病变置入药物洗脱支架,共62枚,平均1.8枚/例,置入支架的平均直径为(3.2±0.5)mm,每例病人支架的平均长度为37.3 mm.顺利进行"一站式"复合手术的34例病人呼吸机辅助平均(10.8±7.9)h,其中4例在术后即刻于手术室拔除气管插管;ICU滞留平均(33.6±33.0)h;24例病人未使用血液制品;术后恢复顺利.平均(9±3)天出院.结论 "一站式"复合技术治疗冠状动脉多支病变安全町行,尤其对合并高危因素病例安全有效.     

Single vessel revascularization with beating heart techniques -- minithoracotomy or sternotomy?

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the best surgical approach in off-pump single vessel revascularization of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). METHODS: In 256 patients a single left internal mammary artery (LIMA) to LAD bypass was performed with beating heart techniques through a left anterior minithoracotomy (minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), n=129) or a full sternotomy (off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB), n=127). RESULTS: In the OPCAB group, significantly more severe comorbidities (P=0.001) and redo-operations were noted (P<0.001). Conversion to sternotomy or CPB was necessary in five MIDCAB patients and one OPCAB patient. No cerebrovascular accident was seen in both groups. There was no hospital death in MIDCAB- and two deaths in OPCAB procedures (P=ns). There was a significant reduction in time of surgery (P=0.028) and coronary occlusion (P=0.009) in the OPCAB group. No differences in postoperative ventilation time, ICU stay and length of hospital stay were recorded between groups. Wound infections occurred in six MIDCAB patients (4.7%) and one OPCAB patient (0.8%). Early postoperative reoperation due to graft failure was necessary in three patients after MIDCAB and two patients after OPCAB (P=ns). Confirmed by angiography, the early graft patency rate was 96 and 98%, respectively (P=ns). CONCLUSIONS: Both beating heart techniques showed good results with low hospital mortality, low early complications and comparable angiographic results. Nevertheless, MIDCAB is a challenging technique as demonstrated by the longer times of surgery and coronary occlusion with a tendency towards a higher risk of conversion and wound infection. Thus, this technique should only be performed in selected patients with favourable coronary anatomy. Through a sternotomy approach, single vessel revascularization can be performed safely off-pump even in high-risk patients.