冠心病患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发房颤与血清微小RNA-146a、微小RNA-499的关系

目的:探讨血清微小RNA(miR)-146a、miR-499与冠心病患者非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)后新发房颤的关系。方法:选取郑州大学第一附属医院2019年8月至2021年8月收治的118例冠心病患者作为研究对象,所有患者均行OPCABG术治疗,术后接受为期7 d观察,将观察期间发生房颤患者纳入发生组...     

心外科手术同期行双极射频消融术治疗房颤

目的 总结应用双极射频消融术在心外科手术同期治疗房颤的疗效,探讨房颤近期疗效的影响因素.方法 2007年6月至2010年2月,81例房颤患者被纳入研究.其中男45例,女36例;年龄(48.2±11.0)岁.合并先天性心脏病8例,冠心病16例,风湿性心脏病57例.房颤持续(7.56±7.47)年,其中永久性房颤26例,持续性房颤44例,阵发性房颤11例.左房直径36～ 72mm,其中小于60 mm者65例.术前心功能Ⅱ-Ⅳ级.应用Atricure双极消融系统49例,Metronic单双极消融系统32例.2009年6月至2010年2月期间22例患者进行房颤标测.所有患者均按照迷宫IV径路行双极房颤射频消融手术,同期行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCAB) 16例,二尖瓣置换术(MVR)[或+三尖瓣成形术(TVP) ]33例,MVR+冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)1例,二尖瓣成形术(MVP)1例,主动脉瓣置换术(AVR)4例,二尖瓣主动脉瓣置换术(DVR)(或+TVP)18例,先心纠治8例.术后随访12 ～44个月.结果 住院期间死亡1例,无远期死亡.体外循环(105.0±26.9) min,主动脉阻断(64.1±21.4) min(OPCAB病例除外).术后即刻、出院时及平均随访(26.1±13.6)个月时房颤消融成功率分别为100％、82.5％及84.8％.左房内径小于60mm、房颤标测患者消融成功率显著提高(P＜0.05).结论 心外科手术同期行双极房颤射频消融术是安全有效的.左房内径小于60 mm、房颤标测为影响房颤近期疗效的独立影响因素,可能带来更佳的消融结果.     

高龄冠心病病人非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术后心房颤动的临床分析

目的 探讨高龄冠心病病人非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术术后心房颤动的相关因素.方法 111例高龄非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,分为心房颤动和无心房颤动两组,回顾性分析冠状动脉病变情况、旁路移植血管的部位及支数、术后电解质变化、循环血容量变化、抗心律失常药物的使用等因素对心房颤动发生率的影响.结果 27例手术后心房颤动,发生率24.3%.在单因素分析中,房颤组病人与非房颤组病人术后中心静脉压、术后血清K+、Mg2+、动脉血SPO2等指标差异有统计学意义,P<0.05.结论 围术期电解质、血氧饱和度、循环血容量改变及发生围术期心梗是高龄病人冠状动脉旁路移植手术后发生心房颤动的危险因素.     

成人房间隔缺损合并阵发性心房颤动的外科治疗

目的探讨成人继发孔房间隔缺损合并阵发性心房颤动(房颤)的手术处理方法。方法回顾性分析2002年1月至2013年5月北京安贞医院行外科手术治疗84例成人房间隔缺损合并阵发性房颤患者的临床资料,其中男31例、女53例,平均年龄56.3(24~72)岁。11例在体外循环下手术,同期行射频消融术6例;73例行房间隔缺损封堵术,其中52例同期行射频消融术,术后即刻、7 d、3个月和6个月检测心律。结果全部患者无围术期死亡,无开胸止血及非心律失常性并发症发生。在体外循环下手术11例患者的主动脉阻断时间(35.21±12.32)min,体外循环时间(45.67±16.93)min,住ICU时间(11.87±12.36)h。73例行封堵手术患者住ICU时间(10.93±13.67)h。全部患者随访12~24个月,随访率97.62%。行体外循环手术组中同期行射频消融术患者较未行射频术患者在术后即刻、7 d、3个月和6个月检测时,房颤发生率明显降低(P0.05)。行封堵术患者中,同期行射频消融术患者较未行射频消融术患者在术后即刻、7 d、3个月和6个月检测时,房颤发生率也明显降低(P0.05)。结论成人房间隔缺损合并阵发性房颤的患者,无论是体外循环下手术还是封堵器治疗,同期行射频消融术安全性较好,并可明显减少房颤发作。     

70岁以上体外循环下冠脉旁路移植术的临床分析

目的总结70岁以上高龄患者体外循环下冠脉旁路移植手术(on-pump coronary artery by grafting,on-pump CABG)的临床特点和结果。方法回顾分析佛山市第一人民医院2001年10月至2016年10月期间80例70岁以上高龄患者的on-pump CABG情况。记录术前一般情况、冠状动脉病变、合并疾病、治疗情况、术中手术方式、术后恢复情况以及并发症和病死率。结果全组死亡2例,手术后围手术期8例出现躁动性谵妄;肺部感染8例;肾替代治疗4例;因为出血需要二次开胸患者2例;并发房颤16例。结论对于70岁以上需要冠脉搭桥的高龄冠心病患者,on-pump CABG可以提供有效安全的治疗效果。     

同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄

目的 观察同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄的临床疗效及安全性.方法 2008年1月至2010年12月,30例合并严重颈动脉狭窄(≥70％)的冠心病患者行非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术,男24例,女6例;年龄51～79岁,平均(67.6±7.4)岁,同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术各15例.结果 30例手术均获成功,无手术死亡.同期手术组术后早期出现轻度脑卒中1例,中度脑卒中1例.分期手术组术后早期二次开胸止血、新发房颤和急性肾功能衰竭各1例.同期手术组与分期手术组术后胸腔引流量(945±260) ml对(764±334)ml,P=0.109;住ICU(87.7±61.6)h对(52.3±80.8)h,P=0.189;呼吸机使用(31.7±27.8)h对(17.9±7.06)h,P=0.073.同期手术组术后住院(9.7±3.3)天,与分期手术组(17.1±6.9)天相比明显减少(P=0.001),平均住院费用降低了16.7％.术后随访6～42个月,平均(22.0±9.6)个月,随访期内.两组均无死亡、心肌梗死、脑卒中和心绞痛等并发症.结论 慎重选择患者,严格掌握手术适应证,同期或分期行颈动脉支架置入术与非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术治疗冠心病合并颈动脉狭窄临床效果均满意.中、远期效果还需进一步观察.     

70岁以上高龄患者冠心病的外科治疗

目的　比较 41例 70岁以上高龄冠心病患者两种手术方法的治疗结果。方法　回顾性分析 2 0 0 0年 12月至 2 0 0 2年 1月间 41例冠状动脉旁路移植术病例 ,分为非体外循环下和体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术两组 ,前组 17例 ,采用胸骨正中切口 ,在非体外循环下完成手术 ;后组2 4例 ,常规建立体外循环 ,在心脏停跳下完成手术。结果　两组间性别、年龄、陈旧性心肌梗塞病史、不稳定性心绞痛、合并高血压和高脂血症 ,平均每例冠状动脉病变等无统计学差异 ,但平均每例旁路移植分别为 2 .1支与 3 .2支 ,差异显著 (P <0 .0 5 )。两组均无手术死亡。随访 1～ 11个月 ,前组 2例 (11.8% ) ,后组 3例 (12 .5 % )复发心绞痛 ,两组病例随访期间均无死亡。结论　非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术安全可行 ,近期疗效确切 ,有一定的优越性 ,但不能完全取代常规体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植术     

高龄患者冠状动脉搭桥手术的体外循环管理

目的总结高龄患者行冠状动脉搭桥手术体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)管理的经验。方法行冠状动脉搭桥手术患者48例,其中70岁以上者28例(高龄组),70岁者20例(非高龄组),回顾性比较两组的CPB差异。结果高龄组患者术前更易合并糖尿病,术前HCT较低(P<0.05)。高龄组体外循环时间(135.6±17.3)min,升主动脉阻断时间(101.3±40.2)min,术后改良超滤10例,与非高龄组相比较,差异有显著性;高龄组应用库血预充占82.1%(23/28),明显高于非高龄组的25%(P<0.01),升主动脉开放后,高龄组自动复跳24例(85.7%),非老年组自动复跳17例(85%),两组比较无差异;但高龄组有3例停CPB后需IABP辅助脱机。结论高龄并非心脏手术CPB的禁忌症,根据其患病特点,合理地行CPB管理,可以为高龄患者成功地进行冠状动脉搭桥手术提供重要保证。     

非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术同期行房颤射频消融50例

2008年1月至2010年12月,我们收治50例冠心病(CHD)合并心房颤动(AF)患者,行非体外循环下冠状动脉旁路移植(OPCAB)手术,同期使用AtricureTM干式双极射频消融钳行AF射频消融术,现总结报道如下.     

冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退的冠状动脉旁路移植术

目的探讨冠心病(CAD)合并甲状腺功能减退患者施行冠状动脉旁路移植术(CABG)的临床效果。方法选择我科2002年9月至2009年6月,由同一位术者对21例冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退患者行CABG(甲减组),男6例,女15例;平均年龄60.4岁;其中体外循环下心脏不停跳手术3例,体外循环下心脏停跳手术1例,非体外循环心脏不停跳手术17例;术前均口服左旋甲状腺素,游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)、游离甲状腺素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)、总三碘甲状腺原氨酸(TT3)、总甲状腺素(TT4)明显改善后手术。选择同期20例甲状腺功能正常的CABG患者作为对照(对照组),男6例,女14例;平均年龄62.1岁。于术前、术中、术后观察两组患者甲状腺功能指标及临床预后指标。结果甲减组体外循环下手术患者死亡1例,术前有心包积液、心力衰竭,甲状腺激素水平低;其余20例生存者均为心脏不停跳手术,其中17例为非体外循环手术;术后随访2~30个月,左心室射血分数(LVEF)较术前增加(55%±21%vs.48%±17%)。对照组患者均生存。两组间术中心排血指数[2.7±1.4 L/(min.m2)vs.2.8±1.5 L/(min.m2),t=530,P=0.530]、住院时间(12.2±4.7 d vs.10.1±3.9 d,t=0.170,P=0.170)、呼吸机辅助呼吸时间(17.6±9.1 hvs.15.1±13.7 h,t=0.120,P=0.120)比较差异无统计学意义。围术期甲状腺激素水平检测显示,非体外循环下手术对激素水平影响较小。结论冠心病合并甲状腺功能减退患者,术前准备充分,采用心脏不停跳手术方式较为安全,围术期甲状腺素治疗是关键;对重度甲状腺功能减退患者在体外循环下手术风险大。     

Concomitant left atrial appendage occlusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery

The Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion Study (LAAOS III) was a multicenter, randomized controlled trial that included patients undergoing cardiac surgery who also had atrial fibrillation. The trial recruited 4811 participants, of which 2400 patients were randomized to undergo left atrial appendage (LAA) occlusion surgery, while 2411 participants had isolated cardiac surgery. The aim of the study was to determine whether concomitant occlusion of the LAA prevents ischemic stroke or systemic embolism. The study also evaluated the efficacy and safety of concomitant LAA occlusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The number of ischemic strokes or systemic embolisms was significantly lower in the LAA occlusion group [114 (4.8%) vs. 68 (7.0%)] compared to the no-occlusion surgery group. There was also no increase in hospital length of stay or hospitalization for heart failure. It is expected that based on the findings of the LAAOS III study, the recommendations for concomitant LAA occlusion will be upgraded from the current class IIB to class I.     

冠状动脉旁路移植术后早期新发心房颤动的临床特征及影响因素分析

目的 探讨冠状动脉旁路移植术后新发心房颤动(房颤)的临床特征及影响因素.方法 回顾性分析2012年1月至2019年1月在我院行冠状动脉旁路移植术的339例患者的临床资料,其中男267例、女72例,年龄37～83(58.03±8.90)岁.分析术后新发房颤的临床特征及影响因素.结果 不停跳冠状动脉旁路移植(off-pum...     

Epicardial left atrial appendage clip occlusion also provides the electrical isolation of the left atrial appendage

OBJECTIVES The exclusion of the left atrial appendage (LAA) has been used to reduce the risk of stroke associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). While LAA exclusion has been associated with a reduced risk of stroke, the effect on the electrical activity of the LAA (a potential source of AF) remains unknown. As such, we sought to demonstrate whether surgical epicardial clip occlusion leads to the electrical isolation of the LAA. METHODS From December 2010 until August 2011, 10 patients with paroxysmal AF underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery with bilateral pulmonary vein isolation and an LAA clip occlusion with a new epicardial clip. Before and after the clip was placed, pacing manoeuvres were performed to assess the electrical exit and entry blocks from the LAA. RESULTS All clips were applied successfully. The mean procedure time for the clip application was 4?±?1?min. No complications occurred related to clip application. Prior to the pericardial closure, 18?±?3?min after the clip placement, the LAA stimulation and pacing manoeuvres demonstrated complete electrical isolation of the LAA in all cases. CONCLUSIONS Epicardial LAA clip occlusion leads to the acute electrical isolation of the LAA and may not only provide stroke prevention but also reduce the recurrence of AF.     

实时三维经食管超声心动图定量评价心房颤动患者左心耳形态及功能

目的探讨实时三维经食管超声心动图(RT-3D-TEE)定量评估心房颤动(AF)患者左心耳(LAA)形态和功能的可行性。方法选取56例拟接受射频消融术的阵发性AF患者(阵发组)、26例持续性AF患者(持续组)及同期11名健康人(对照组),采用RT-3D-TEE测量3组LAA各参数。结果与对照组比较,阵发组LAA舒张末期容积(LAA-EDV)、收缩末期容积(LAA-ESV)、开口最大面积(A_(max))及最小面积(A_(min))均增大,射血分数(LAA-EF)、最大排空速度(Vep)、面积变化率(A%)及直径变化率(D%)均减小(P均0.05);持续组LAA-EDV、LAA-ESV、A_(max)、A_(min)增大,LAA-EF、Vep、A%、D%减小(P均0.05);阵发组与持续组间各参数差异均无统计学意义(P均0.05)。LAA-EF与ESV (r=-0.73,P0.01)、EDV(r=-0.64,P0.01)、A_(max)(r=-0.36,P0.01)及年龄(r=-0.27,P=0.02)呈负相关,与A%、D%、Vep呈正相关(r=0.86、0.74、0.55,P均0.01),与D_(max)无明显相关(P0.05)。结论 RT-3D-TEE能定量分析AF患者LAA形态及功能变化,对于评估AF患者病情具有一定临床意义。     

The Effect of Minimally Invasive Thoracoscopic Left Atrial Appendage Excision on Cardiac Dynamic and Endocrine Function

Purpose: Left atrial appendage (LAA) isolation is an effective surgical treatment for decreasing thromboembolic risk. We sought to evaluate the short-term effect of minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision on left atrial dynamic and endocrine function in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients.Methods: A total of 52 patients with paroxysmal AF undergoing minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision in Anzhen Hospital from October 2012 to June 2014 were enrolled in the study. The natriuretic peptide plasma level was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and left atrial dynamic function was measured preprocedure by real-time three-dimensional echocardiography and postprocedure after 7 days and 3 months.Results: With the exception of six recurrences, 88.5% (46/52) of the patients were prospectively followed over 3 months in terms of their sinus rhythm postprocedure. No severe operative complications or embolism events occurred within those 3 months. Echocardiography showed a 3–6% decrease in left atrial volume postprocedure, and dynamic function was largely restored by 3 months. There was no significant change in natriuretic peptide levels, although a slight decrease was detected 7 days postprocedure, which gradually recovered by 3 months (P = 0.350).Conclusions: There are no significant differences in left atrial dynamics and natriuretic peptide secretion in AF patients after minimally invasive surgery with LAA excision.     

心脏CT血管造影三维重建定量左心耳口部周长选择封堵器型号

目的 观察心脏CT血管造影(CTA)三维重建定量左心耳(LAA)口部周长对选择左心耳封堵术(LAAC)治疗房颤(AF)所用封堵器型号的价值。方法 基于术前心脏CTA三维重建、经食管超声心动图(TEE)及术中LAA造影测量94例接受LAAC AF患者LAA口部最大长径,基于心脏CTA三维重建测量LAA口部周长、计算周长衍生直径(PDD)。分析LAA口部参数与植入封堵器型号的相关性及一致性,评估以各种方法所获LAA口部参数预测与实际植入封堵器型号的一致性;以LAA PDD为预测变量、植入封堵器型号为因变量建立线性回归方程。结果 实际植入封堵器型号(真实直径)为(28.95±3.13)mm,周长为(90.90±9.82)mm。心脏CTA、TEE及术中LAA造影所测LAA口部最大长径分别为(24.63±3.17)mm、(24.07±3.19)mm及(23.17±3.25)mm,均与封堵器型号呈正相关(r=0.814、0.691、0.790,P均<0.001);基于心脏CTA所测LAA口部周长为(78.48±10.69)mm, PDD为(24.98±3.40)mm; LAA口部周长与封堵器...     

Evidence and Challenges in Left Atrial Appendage Management

This review aimed to discuss the anatomical properties of the left atrial appendage (LAA), its relationship with atrial fibrillation (AF), effectiveness of LAA occlusion (LAAO), techniques, and new devices used to perform this procedure. An electronic search was performed to identify studies, in the English language, on LAA management. Searches were performed on PubMed Central, Scopus, and Medline from the dates of database inception to February 2020. For the assessed papers, data were extracted from the reviewed text, tables, and figures, by two independent authors. Anticoagulant therapy for patients with AF has proven beneficial and is highly recommended, but it is challenging for many patients to maintain optimal treatment. Surgery is the most cost-effective option; surgical methods include simple LAA resection, thoracoscopic surgery, and catheter treatment. Each procedure has its advantages and disadvantages, and many prospective studies have been conducted to evaluate various treatment methods. In managing the LAA, dissection of the LAA, such as changes in its shape and size due to remodeling during AF, changes in autonomic nerve function, and thrombosis, must be understood anatomically and physiologically. We believe that early treatment intervention for the LAA should be considered particularly in cases of recurrent AF.Conclusion: SLET under artificial pneumothorax is feasible and safe in minimally invasive McKeown esophagectomy.     

Congenital left atrial appendage aneurysm with unexpected course of left anterior descending coronary artery

The left atrial appendage (LAA) aneurysm is a rare condition that can produce local compressive effects and complications including supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, thromboembolic events and myocardial ischaemia. We present a rare case of a neonate with a congenital LAA aneurysm which resulted in local compressive effects on the left ventricle, severe mitral regurgitation and malposition of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery. Intraoperatively, the LAD was found to be within the aneurysmal wall exterior to the left ventricular epicardium and was inadvertently injured during LAA aneurysm resection. Retrospective review of the preoperative computed tomography and echocardiography scans demonstrated the LAD lying within the wall of the LAA aneurysm, although this had not been well appreciated at that time. This highlights the importance of thorough multimodal preoperative imaging and intraoperative assessment for recognition of this rare association between the LAA aneurysm and LAD malposition, and prevention of inadvertent LAD injury during aneurysm resection.     

Oral cibenzoline reduces postoperative atrial fibrillation in coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of postoperative oral administration of cibenzoline for the prevention of atrial fibrillation (AF) in coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). METHODS: A total of 39 patients who underwent isolated CABG from September 2000 to February 2001 and who took oral cibenzoline (300 mg per day for 10 days beginning immediately after surgery) were compared to 59 patients who underwent surgery in our department 8 months prior to the study and who did not take cibenzoline for incidence of postoperative AF. Exclusion criteria encompassed age (>80 years), low ejection fraction (<30%), high serum creatinine level (>2.0 mg/dL), and history of supraventricular arrhythmia with or without treatment by anti-arrhythmic drugs. RESULTS: Postoperative AF occurred in 2 patients in the cibenzoline group (2/35, 5.7%) and 20 patients in the control group (20/59, 33.9%). There were significant differences in the incidence of postoperative AF (p = 0.002). Multivariate analysis revealed that the administration of cibenzoline reduced the incidence of AF significantly, and that a large number of bypass grafts significantly contributed to postoperative AF in CABG. The number of bypass grafts was significantly larger in the cibenzoline group, indicating that cibenzoline administration significantly suppresses the incidence of AF after CABG in high-risk patients. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative administration of oral cibenzoline for 10 days is one effective method for the prevention of AF after CABG.     

左心耳封堵术后影响封堵器不完全内皮化的危险因素

目的 分析心房颤动（AF）患者左心耳封堵（LAAO）术后封堵器不完全内皮化的影响因素。方法 回顾性分析53例接受LAAO（封堵装置均为Watchman）治疗的AF患者。于术后3个月以双源CT评估封堵器是否完全内皮化;采用单因素及多因素logistic回归分析观察封堵器不完全内皮化的影响因素。结果 术后随访77~134天,中位随访时间100天。术后3个月,双源CT诊断不完全内皮化32例（不完全组）、完全内皮化21例（完全组）;组间左心室射血分数（LVEF）和二尖瓣反流（MR）差异有统计学意义（P均<0.05）,性别、年龄、AF类型等指标差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。以LVEF和MR为自变量、完全内皮化与否为因变量行logistic回归分析,结果显示LVEF和MR均为封堵器不完全内皮化的独立影响因素（P均<0.05）。结论 二尖瓣轻度及以上反流及低射血分数可在一定程度上影响LAAO治疗AF术后封堵器内皮化,导致封堵器延迟内皮化或内皮化不完全。