羊水粪染与新生儿窒息相关性分析

目的:探讨羊水粪染与胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息的关系。方法:观察1999年5月~2004年5月新生儿羊水粪染者267例和同等条件下羊水无粪染者1 235例,对羊水性状、胎儿窘迫率、出生Apgar评分进行回顾性分析。结果:羊水粪染Ⅱ度、Ⅲ度电脑胎心监护异常率、手术产率、新生儿窒息率明显高于羊水清亮和羊水污染Ⅰ度者(P<0.05)。结论:新生儿窒息的发生与羊水粪染的程度有关,羊水粪染可作为胎儿窘迫的诊断标准之一。一旦出现羊水粪染伴电脑胎心监护异常者应立即结束分娩。羊水粪染Ⅲ度者即使电脑胎心监护正常,立即结束分娩也不为过。加强围产期监护,降低新生儿窒息的发生率,防止胎粪吸入综合征,降低围产儿死亡率。     

对136例胎粪羊水污染新生儿早期洗胃的疗效观察和体会

胎粪羊水在临床中较常见。由于宫内缺氧时,可使胎儿肠蠕动增加,肛门括约肌松弛,导致胎粪排出,污染羊水,粪染胎儿;另外,在分娩过程中,胎头或脐带受压也可刺激     

羊水粪染361例回顾性分析

临床上多以羊水粪染或胎心率异常诊断胎儿宫内窘迫,并以羊水粪染程度判断胎儿预后.探讨羊水粪染及其程度对胎儿影响,以减少新生儿窒息,来降低剖宫产率及提高产科质量.本文就361例羊水粪染病例进行回顾性分析. 对象与方法     

羊水粪染的诊断与处理

正常情况下，羊水透明无色，并可见胎脂，当胎粪排入羊水并使其变得混浊时称为羊水粪染或羊水胎粪污染。羊水内胎粪量和排出时间的长短与胎儿预后有密切关系，胎粪排出量越多，时间越长，羊水颜色则由浅淡变深，大量胎粪可使羊水变得黏稠，所以根据羊水粪染的不同程度：临床上将其分为Ⅲ度：Ⅰ度羊水呈黄绿色，质薄；Ⅱ度羊水呈淡绿色，质较厚；Ⅲ度羊水呈黄绿色或褐绿色，质厚，呈糊状。     

羊水性状在产程中的变化与新生儿的结局

目的:观察产程中羊水形状的改变及其与新生儿结局的关系。方法:进入活跃期宫口开大3~5cm时,胎膜自然破裂或人工破膜后观察羊水颜色、产程过程中羊水颜色的改变,胎儿娩出时流出的后羊水颜色。结果:晚期羊水粪染对新生儿Apgar评分没有影响。结论:晚期胎粪排出,并非缺氧因素所致,与胎儿窘迫并无直接关系。羊水污染的胎儿是否异常,最关键的是判断胎粪排出的时间及量的多少。     

542例羊水污染情况分析

当胎儿发生缺氧时,脐动脉中血氧饱和度降低,胎儿胃肠道蠕动增强,胎儿的肛门括约肌松驰,使胎粪排人羊膜腔内,形成羊水污染.因此,羊水出现胎粪,是胎儿宫内窘迫的重要表现之一,应当予以高度重视,及时作出处理.本文对在仙居县妇幼保健院2000～2003年分娩的542例羊水污染者进行分析,结果如下.     

产程中胎儿监护与羊水性状综合分析在胎儿宫内窘迫诊治中的临床意义

目的探讨胎儿监护仪在产程中的胎心监护基线图型及羊水性状在胎儿宫内窘迫诊断及处理中的临床意义.方法回顾我院2001～2006年2150例产妇,其中发生胎儿宫内窘迫695例,占23.32%;根据其胎心监护基线图型及羊水性状和新生儿并发症等资料分析.结果①胎儿轻度宫内窘迫,羊水Ⅰ°粪染,胎心基线呈加速改变为主;②胎儿中度窘迫,羊水Ⅱ°粪染,胎心监护基线呈变异消失、变异大、早期减速及偶发晚期减速等多种改变;③胎儿重度宫内窘迫,羊水Ⅲ°粪染,胎心基线呈频繁晚期减速及晚期减速伴基线变异消失,且呈深大"U"形,提示胎盘功能不全,应尽快在短时间内结束分娩;④脐带因素引起胎儿宫内窘迫,羊水Ⅱ°、Ⅲ°粪染时,胎心基线变异大呈"V"形,一般无晚期减速改变,可增加阴道分娩机会;⑤羊水Ⅱ°、Ⅲ°黏稠粪染,胎监基线呈早期减速或晚期减速时,新生儿重度窒息、吸入性肺炎及缺血缺氧发生率分别为4.79%、3.05%和1.14%.结论产程中胎儿监护是一种既方便,又能及时发现胎儿宫内窘迫的良好监护手段,但胎心基线无特异性,并且有假阳性出现,若根据胎心监护基线改变,再结合羊水性状观察进行综合分析,就能取得可靠、确凿的胎儿宫内窘迫临床诊断、处理依据.     

羊水胎粪污染与新生儿窒息临床分析

目的针对羊水胎粪污染和新生儿窒息的临床关系进行分析探讨。方法本文通过对分娩期生产程中230例新生儿窒息的产妇进行临床观察,按病情程度分为轻、重度两组,随时观察每组胎儿窘迫窒息的发生情况,以生后1minApgar评分为标准,密切观察产妇生产产程中羊水粪染时间和新生儿窘迫窒息的关系。结果胎儿窘迫窒息的发生率重度羊水粪染组明显高于轻度组。研究中发现新生儿窒息率在羊水粪染的潜伏期最高。与活跃期相比两者差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论羊水粪染程度和时间与新生儿预后和羊水粪染的程度和时间关系紧密,孕妇分娩过程中新生儿一旦发生窒息窘迫应尽快结束分娩。     

羊水粪染与新生儿预后的护理

羊水正常情况下为无色澄清液体，当胎粪排入羊水中，使其变得混浊有色时，称为羊水粪染。羊水粪染是产科领域中的一项重要研究课题。本文对306例羊水粪染的产妇进行产程观察，分析羊水粪染与新生儿预后之间的关系，探讨羊水粪染的临床护理意义。结果如下。     

羊水粪染与新生儿预后的探讨——附292例病例分析

产程中羊水粪染比较普遍,对羊水粪染与新生儿预后的关系,国内外文选报道不一。为了解羊水粪染的程度及发生时间等对新生儿的影响及羊水胎粪污染与孕龄的关系,对我院2年来产程中出现羊水粪染的产妇进行了临床分析。1 资料与方法1·1 病例资料 1994～1995年间在我院分娩的活产数共1032例,其中羊水粪染292例(除外臀位)为分     

Meconium aspiration syndrome: current concepts

Aspiration of meconium causes considerable perinatal morbidity and mortality. Meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is present in 7-22% of all deliveries. Gastrointestinal secretions, bile, bile acids, mucus, pancreatic juice, cellular debris, amniotic fluid, swallowed vernix caseosa, lanuge, and blood comprise meconium. Passage of meconium occurs most often in deliveries after 42 weeks gestation (30%) because of high levels of the hormone motilin. This hormone is responsible for bowel peristalsis, defecation, and maturation of the innervation of the intestinal tract associated with vagal stimulation. It tends to be a marker of pre/intrapartum asphyxia. MSAF is also a sign of fetal hypoxia or acidosis. It appears that meconium aspiration is predominantly an intrauterine event. The definition of meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is respiratory distress in a meconium-stained newborn, compatible radiographic findings (e.g., coarse, irregular pattern of increased density throughout the lung), and symptoms that can not otherwise be explained. MAS occurs in 1-4% of infants with MSAF and up to 10% of those with thick meconium. Mortality ranges from 6% to 40%. Initially, meconium particles mechanically obstruct the small airways. Later, chemical pneumonitis and interstitial edema are responsible for small airway obstruction. As many as 66% of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn cases are associated with MAS. Clinical signs and symptoms of MAS include frothy, yellow-green secretions from the mouth; very rapid breathing; intercostal retractions; cyanosis; overinflated chest due to air trapping; rales; and rattling in the throat. Transcervical amnio-infusion of warmed normal saline may be an obstetric intervention in cases of MSAF. Intrapartum oropharyngeal suctioning and postpartum intratracheal suctioning has reduced the incidence of MAS. Routine care of MAS infants includes monitoring and correcting of the thermal environment and blood glucose and calcium levels. Chest physiotherapy, saline lavage, management of hypoxemia, surfactant therapy, and systemic steroid treatment are MAS therapies.     

羊水胎粪污染Ⅲ°与围产儿转归

对1992年7月～12月底分娩的2191例新生儿羊水胎粪污染Ⅲ°的发生率进行了总结,并与羊水清的新生儿进行了围产儿转归的对照分析。结果羊水胎粪Ⅲ°污染的发生率为15.79％,与羊水清的围产儿转归对照,在新生儿窒息、新生儿肺炎、死胎发生上有明显差异,提示应重视羊水胎粪污染的防治。     

羊水胎粪污染与新生儿预后分析

目的：探讨羊水胎粪污染与新生儿预后的关系。方法：对本院323例足月儿头位分娩时羊水粪染对新生儿的影响进行实例讨论。323例中发生新生儿窒息59例,发生率为18.27％,其中发生胎粪吸入综合征（MAS）1例。结果：新生儿结局与羊水胎粪污染程度的关系为：Ⅲ度粪染者新生儿窒息率的发生率明显增高, I度与Ⅲ度、Ⅱ度与Ⅲ度粪污染新生儿出生窒息差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但I度与Ⅱ度粪污染新生儿出生窒息差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：Ⅰ度与Ⅱ度粪染者应加强胎心电子监护,如果胎心监护正常,不需要进行特殊处理;如果胎心监护异常,应尽快终止妊娠或结束分娩,以免造成胎儿不良结局。     

新生儿胎粪吸入综合征的临床X线分析(附81例报告)

目的:分析新生儿胎粪吸入综合征(简称MAS)的临床X线特征,进一步提高X线诊断水平。方法:回顾经X线平片和临床证实的8 l例胎粪吸入综合征并进行讨论。结果:X线征象因吸入量和胎粪羊水相对含量多少而异。其中65例X线表现程度相对较轻,表现为两肺纹理增强,轻度肺气肿征,部分可见小颗粒状影;16例较重显示两肺满布结节状和斑片状模糊影;5例并发气漏;合并肺内感染10例;合并ARDS 2例;死亡4例;2例放弃治疗。结论:胸部X线平片对MAS的诊断及其疗效评价具有重要价值。     

Amino Acid Composition of Amniotic Fluid during the Perinatal Period Reflects Mother’s Fat and Carbohydrate Intake

Dietary content during pregnancy is important because it is necessary for the growth of the fetus. With the assumption that the nutritional status of the fetus can be monitored by measuring amino acid concentrations in the amniotic fluid, we investigated whether the habitual dietary intake of pregnant women affected the composition of the amniotic fluid and the significance of performing amniotic fluid analysis. The subjects were 34 mothers who delivered full-term babies by cesarean section. Three biological samples were collected from the mothers: blood, cord blood, and amniotic fluid. At the same time, the mothers’ prenatal nutritional intake information was also recorded. When the amino acid contents of the samples were compared with the mothers’ nutrient intake, many amino acids in the amniotic fluid were positively correlated with lipid intake, but not with protein intake. There was a negative correlation between lipid intake and carbohydrate intake, and the amino acid contents of the amniotic fluid were also negatively correlated with carbohydrate intake. The results of this study were consistent with those found in animal models, suggesting that the analysis of amniotic fluid may be a useful method to investigate the effects of habitual diet during human pregnancy on the fetus.     

母体肠道菌群失调及其子宫内转移对母胎影响的研究进展

子宫内有细菌存在,并且可能对胎儿产生影响。母胎间菌群转移的具体作用机制迄今尚未阐明。胎儿肠道菌群的主要来源除了母体血液、胎盘和羊水外,母体肠道亦可能是胎儿肠道菌群的主要来源之一。母体肠道菌群通过血液等途径转移至子宫内,再经过胎盘血液循环和羊水等途径转移至胎儿肠道和免疫系统。母体孕期肠道菌群的结构与数量,可对孕妇及其子代肥胖、神经系统发育异常和血压调节产生影响。随着基因测序技术的发展,有助于更深入探讨母体肠道菌群失调及其子宫内转移与母胎疾病之间的关系,为胎源性疾病的预防和干预提供理论依据。笔者拟就母体肠道菌群失调及其子宫内转移对母胎影响的研究进展进行综述。     

Meconium staining of the liquor in a low-risk population

Summary. Although the significance of meconium-stained amniotic fluid as a sign of fetal distress remains controversial, its presence remains a concern to both obstetricians and neonatologists since signs of asphyxia and meconium staining are associated with an increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of meconium staining of the liquor in the low-risk obstetric population in terms of fetal distress and perinatal morbidity and mortality. In a prospective cohort study at a referral hospital and at one of two municipal clinics, women with a singleton pregnancy of 37 to 42 weeks gestation and with no pre-defined risk factor were recruited into the study. Study patients comprised those with meconium staining of the liquor and controls comprised similar women but with clear liquor. Meconium staining of the liquor was associated with poor outcome in all the outcome measures assessed. Fetal heart rate (FHR) abnormality was more closely associated with adverse outcome than meconium staining, and thin meconium alone was not associated with any adverse outcome except respiratory distress. Women with thin meconium in the presence of normal FHR can therefore be safely managed at the clinic level. Thick meconium itself was a risk factor for poor outcome, more so if associated with FHR abnormality, and should be an indicator for early referral.     

Measurement of pesticides and other toxicants in amniotic fluid as a potential biomarker of prenatal exposure: a validation study

Prenatal pesticide exposures may adversely affect children's health. However, exposure and health research is hampered by the lack of reliable fetal exposure data. No studies have been published that report measurements of commonly used nonpersistent pesticides in human amniotic fluid, although recent studies of pesticides in urine from pregnant women and in meconium indicate that fetuses are exposed to these chemicals. Amniotic fluid collected during amniocentesis is the only medium available to characterize direct fetal exposures early in pregnancy (approximately 18 weeks of gestation). As a first step in validating this exposure biomarker, we collected 100 amniotic fluid samples slated for disposal and evaluated analytical methods to measure organophosphate and carbamate pesticides and metabolites, synthetic pyrethroid metabolites, herbicides, and chlorinated phenolic compounds. The following six phenols were detected (detection frequency): 1- and 2-naphthol (70%), 2,5-dichlorophenol (55%), carbofuranphenol (5%), ortho-phenylphenol (30%), and pentachlorophenol (15%), with geometric mean concentrations of 0.72, 0.39, 0.12, 0.13, and 0.23 microg/L, respectively, for positive values. The organophosphate metabolites diethylphosphate and dimethylphosphate were detected in two (10%) samples, and dimethylthiophosphate was detected in one (5%) sample, with geometric mean concentrations of 0.31, 0.32, and 0.43 microg/L, respectively, for positive values. These levels are low compared with levels reported in urine, blood, and meconium in other studies, but indicate direct exposures to the young fetus, possibly during critical periods of development. Results of this pilot study suggest that amniotic fluid offers a unique opportunity to investigate fetal exposures and health risks.     

妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症对围产儿的影响

目的 :探讨妊娠期肝内胆汁淤积症 (Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy,ICP)对围产儿的影响。方法 :对该院 2 0 0 0年 1月～ 2 0 0 2年 12月以剖宫产分娩结束妊娠的 ICP孕妇 72例 ,观察其羊水胎粪污染、胎儿窘迫、早产、新生儿窒息、新生儿吸入性肺炎的发病率 ,与同期行剖宫产分娩的 70例正常孕产妇的妊娠结局和新生儿结局进行对比分析。结果 :ICP组羊水胎粪污染率、胎儿窘迫率、早产率、新生儿窒息率、新生儿吸入性肺炎率分别为 3 0 .56%、 2 3 .61%、 16.67%、 5.56%、 16.67% ,与对照组相比有显著性差异 (P<0 .0 5～ 0 .0 1)。结论 :ICP可导致早产、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息、羊水胎粪污染、新生儿吸入性肺炎。