双源CT在冠状动脉旁路移植术后随访中的应用

目的 探讨双源CT在冠状动脉搭桥术后的临床应用及其价值.方法 对2009年1月～2010年8月期间27例冠状动脉搭桥术（CABG）后患者的CTA影像资料进行分析,对桥血冠状动脉管狭窄进行诊断.其中有10例患者同期行选择性冠状动脉造影术.结果 所有患者顺利完成冠状动脉图像采集,所有桥血管均显影,并且都可进行评价,其中共15条桥血管出现狭窄.和CAG结果相比,双源CT对狭窄判断的敏感性100%、特异性91.3%、准确率93.1%,出现狭窄的血管与血管类型有关,2年内通畅率动脉桥高于静脉桥.结论 双源CT可以准确评价冠状动脉桥血管通畅情况,是术后评价冠状动脉桥血管病变的首选检查方法.     

Beating Heart versus Conventional Coronary Bypass Surgery: Our Experience

Background

Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) has become the standard surgical treatment of Coronary Artery Disease in most centres in India. It is clear from the current evidence that, in certain patients, OPCAB offers advantages over conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Experience of this procedure in the Armed Forces is highlighted. Methods: Retrospective analysis of 200 nonrandomized consecutive patients taken up for OPCAB and 200 conventional CABG between Jan 2005 and Dec 2007 was done. The European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (euroSCORE) was used in all patients. Perioperative morbidity and mortality was compared in the two groups.

Result

OPCAB was possible in 192 (96 %) out of 200 patients taken up for this procedure. Eight patients required cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) to complete the revascularization. Incidence of reoperation for bleeding was 2.5% in OPCAB and 6% in CABG In the CABG group 2% patients developed severe bleeding complications, 3% required ventilation for more than 24 hour, 1% required renal replacement therapy, 1% had acute respiratory distress syndrome and 3.5% had neuro-psychiatric manifestations. Incidence of these complications in OPCAB patients was lower or NIL. Overall mortality in the OPCAB group was 1.5% and 2% in the CABG group. However only one patient out of 192 (0.5%) who underwent successful OPCAB died, while two patients out of eight who required conversion to CPB in this group died. Incidence of stroke, deep sternal infection and mortality was similar in both groups.

Conclusion

OPCAB is safe, effective and can be offered to more than 90% patients as the primary strategy for surgical myocardial revascularization. It has lower overall morbidity than conventional CABG Its main limitations are hemodynamic instability and inability to find a deeply embedded target vessel. Both these factors affect the outcome adversely making conventional CABG a better option in these situations.Key Words: Off-pump coronary artery bypass!, Coronary artery bypass     

急诊冠状动脉搭桥术围术期手术效果分析

目的探讨急诊冠状动脉搭桥术的手术指征、并发症及围术期处理方法。方法回顾28例急诊CABG手术患者。入选病例均符合ACC/AHA有关冠心病手术指南中急诊冠状动脉搭桥术适应证。分析入选病例的围术期危险因素及死亡原因。结果本组所有病例有心肌梗死病史,大部分有高脂血症、高血压和糖尿病,以及合并左室肥厚,一半病例有左主干病变。围术期死亡3例,占10.7%;10例出现围术期并发症,占35.7%。围术期并发症包括二次开胸止血、心包填塞、恶性心律失常、急性肾衰竭和MOSF等。合并手术操作(瓣膜置换等),更长的体外循环转机时间和主动脉阻断时间是主要的死亡原因。结论急诊冠状动脉搭桥术是挽救生命、缓解症状和提高生活质量的有效手段。缩短体外循环转机时间和主动脉阻断时间可减少术后死亡和出血并发症。     

Beating heart versus conventional coronary bypass surgery : Our experience

Background: Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) has become the standard surgical treatment of Coronary Artery Disease in most centres in India. It is clear from the current evidence that, in certain patients, OPCAB offers advantages over conventional Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG). Experience of this procedure in the Armed Forces is highlighted.     

冠心病介入治疗16例报告

1996年5月～1997年2月，共作冠心病介入治疗16例，其中男9例、女7例，年龄53～83岁。14例作经皮冠状动脉成形术（PTCA），其中对吻PTCA1例，PTCA加冠脉内支架4例；作经皮冠状动脉内溶栓术（PTCR）2例。除1例冠脉完全闭塞着PTCA未成功外，介入治疗后狭窄从原来的平均94．6％减轻到37．1％，心绞痛症状缓解。     

容量型漂浮导管在非体外循环冠状动脉移植术中的应用

目的应用新型容量型漂浮导管观察非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(OPCABG)中吻合不同的血管分支时血液动力学指标的变化,为选择有效的指标提供参考。方法18例患者行OPCABG,监测术前、吻合前降支、对角支、右冠状动脉和近端5个时间段的中心静脉压(CVP)、肺毛细血管楔压(PCWP)、右室舒张末期容积指数(RVEDVI)以及右室射血分数(RVEF)。结果与术前相比,吻合前降支、对角支、右冠状动脉时CVP和PCWP均较术前显著增高(P<0.05),RVEDVI和RVEF无显著差异。结论OPCABG术中吻合各支血管期间,不能仅通过PCWP和CVP来判定心室容量负荷,应参考RVEDVI值并结合RVEF的变化综合考虑右室容量负荷、收缩性和后负荷的动态变化。     

PTCA及冠脉内支架植入术的临床应用

我院自1999年1月～6月为4例冠心病心绞痛患者进行了5例次的经皮腔内冠状动脉成形术(PTCA)及支架植入术。患者均为冠心病,稳定性心绞痛2例,不稳定性心绞痛2例。冠脉造影示2支血管病变1例,单支血管病变3例。4例患者5处狭窄成功扩张4处,3例患者成功植入支架。术后残余狭窄0～20%。术后随访1～6个月,1例患者在术后1个月出现心绞痛复发且较术前加重,术后5个月再次行冠脉造影,见原狭窄血管已完全闭塞,再次行PTCA成功     

Effect of percutaneous intervention on adrenomedullin and tumor necrosis factor in the coronary circulation]

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of percutaneous intervention (PCI) on coronary circulation levels of adrenomedullin (ADM) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). METHODS: Thirty-three CHD patients underwent percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) and stenting (altogether 48 stents were implanted). Blood samples were collected from the coronary sinus and femoral artery at the time points of immediately before and after angioplasty, immediately after PTCA or stenting, 10 min after procedures, respectively. RESULTS: The ADM and TNF-alpha levels in the coronary sinus varied little after coronary angiography, but were elevated markedly following PTCA from the basal levels of 36.3+/-1.3 pg/ml to 28.9+/-1.9 pg/ml (P<0.01) and from 11.10+/-0.46 ng/ml to 8.84+/-0.37 ng/ml (P<0.01), respectively. Further increases of ADM and TNF-alpha levels were detected immediately after stent deployment. ADM recovered to basal levels 10 min after completion of the procedures, while TNF-alpha underwent further increase. Before the procedure, ADM and TNF-alpha levels were higher in the coronary sinus than in the femoral artery (28.9+/-1.9 pg/ml vs 22.6+/-0.8 pg/ml, P<0.01; 8.84+/-0.37 ng/ml vs 7. 56+/-0.23 ng/ml, P<0.01, respectively), and their levels in the femoral artery did not undergo significant changes in response to the operations. CONCLUSION: The coronary circulation levels of ADM and TNF-alpha increase after PTCA and stenting but not after coronary angiography in CHD patients, which might be attributed to injuries by the procedures as well as the mechanical stimulation by the stent.     

冠心病介入诊治的临床应用及随访观察

目的总结经皮冠状动脉介入在冠心病诊断和治疗中的初步经验及随访观察。方法选择2003年9月至2005年2月在我院接受经皮冠状动脉介入手术患者24例,采用Judkins法冠状动脉造影,管腔狭窄≥50%为冠状动脉病变。狭窄≥75%者施行PTCA和支架术。术后随访心血管事件的发生和生活质量改善。结果24例中管腔狭窄≥50%病变者18例,其中1支病变者8例,2支病变者7例,3支病变者3例。9例施行PTCA和支架术,2例于术后1个月、14个月猝死,1例支架置入后3个月再发胸痛,为支架内再狭窄行切割球囊术后症状好转,6例无心血管事件发生及生活质量明显改善。9例未行PCI者中6例再发胸痛住院,其中1例再发心肌梗死,1例猝死。结论选择性冠脉造影术是诊断冠心病可靠的方法,PTCA和支架术后患者胸痛复发减少,生活质量明显提高。     

缠绕型和管型冠状动脉内支架在冠心病治疗中的应用

目的　探讨应用缠绕型和管型冠状动脉内支架治疗冠心病的效果。方法　对 2 3例冠心病患者根据不同情况植入冠状动脉内支架 ,其中DeNovo支架 17个 ,Suboptimal支架 6个 ,Bail-out支架 2个。结果　 2 3例患者 2 5支血管植入 2 5个冠状动脉内支架。其中缠绕型支架 9个 ,包括Gianturco -Robin支架2个 ,XT支架 7个 ;管型支架植入 16个 ,均为NIR支架。植入前降支 15个 ,回旋支 2个 ,右冠状动脉 8个。所有支架植入均获得成功。 3例心绞痛复发的患者经造影证实为再狭窄 ,其中XT支架 1个 ,NIR支架 2个 ,总的再狭窄率为 12 % ,缠绕型和管型支架的再狭窄率分别为 11%和 12 .5 %。结论　冠状动脉内支架为治疗PTCA术后急性冠状动脉闭塞、降低再狭窄率的有效措施 ;根据不同的病变合理选择缠绕型和管型支架可提高支架植入的成功率 ,减少并发症。     

全动脉化非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的临床应用

目的探讨全动脉化非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术(冠脉搭桥术)的手术技术、安全性和近中期手术效果。方法 2004年3月～2012年4月接受全动脉化非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(包括微创冠脉搭桥)患者35例,人均搭桥2.7支(1～4支)。其中常规开胸非体外循环冠脉搭桥30例,胸腔镜辅助下微创冠脉搭桥5例。同期行体外循环下全动脉化冠脉搭桥8例,同期行一根乳内动脉和静脉做常规非体外循环冠脉搭桥248例,比较不同手术方式的死亡率、并发症、桥血管数目和近中期疗效等。结果全动脉化非体外循环冠脉搭桥术后仅1例患者因胸骨感染死亡,34例症状明显改善顺利出院,随访效果均良好,无心绞痛发作,心功能明显改善。结论全动脉化非体外循环冠状动脉旁路移植术临床效果较好,并发症及死亡率较体外循环下搭桥少,总的风险更低,但因患者病变、病情及各种因素,本术仍不能完全取代冠状动旁路移植术。     

益气化痰通络法对冠脉搭桥术后患者生活质量的影响

目的 评价益气化痰通络法(芪红方)对冠脉搭桥术(CABG)后患者生活质量的影响.方法 132例CABG患者随机分为芪红组(66例)和常规组(66例),常规组给予常规治疗,芪红组在常规治疗基础上加用具有益气化痰通络功效的中药汤剂芪红方.1个月为1个疗程,3个疗程后观察疗效.结果 治疗3个月后,2组中医症候积分均下降(P<0.05),SF-36量表评分结果显示芪红组患者的"身体疼痛"、"活力"、"情感职能"、"精神健康"、"健康变化"等维度积分明显高于常规组(P<0.05).SAQ量表评分显示,芪红组患者的"躯体活动受限程度"、"心绞痛的稳定状态"、"心绞痛的发作情况"、"治疗满意程度"及"疾病认识程度"等维度积分明显低于常规组(P<0.05).2组治疗后6 min步行试验距离较治疗前增多,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),结论 益气化痰通络法可以改善CABG术后患者临床症状和患者心功能情况,提高患者的生存质量,促进术后患者的康复过程.     

非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术的手术配合体会

目的 探讨非体外循环冠脉搭桥术(OPCAB)的手术配合方法.方法 对30例多支冠心病患者非体外循环冠状动脉搭桥术进行手术配合.结果 心理护理到位,手术物品准备齐全,手术过程顺利,患者生命体征平稳,手术成功率100％.结论 对OPCAB术进行术前、术中、术后整体护理可以有效提高手术配合质量,保证手术顺利进行.     

急性心肌梗死临床介入治疗的护理

目的:通过分析急诊经皮穿刺冠状动脉腔内成形术(PTCA)及冠状动脉内支架(Intracoronary stent)置入术对急性心肌梗死(AMI)的急诊介入治疗方法,探讨急诊冠状动脉腔内成形术及冠状动脉内支架置入术对急性心机梗死行介入治疗的护理经验。方法:选取ST段抬高的35例急性心肌梗死发病时间在12 h以内,行急诊冠状动脉造影的急诊冠状动脉腔内成形术及冠状动脉内支架置入术治疗的患者的护理进行回顾性分析。结果:入选的急性心肌梗死35例行急诊冠状动脉造影。冠状动脉腔内成形术及冠状动脉内支架置入术成功率100%。术前梗死相关血管狭窄(93.1±5.8)%,术后残余狭窄(10.3±7.6)%。35例急性心肌梗死患者术后2例发生穿刺部位血肿,3例拔管时出现迷走反射性低血压,其余患者无并发症发生。结论:急性心肌梗死行急诊冠状动脉腔内成形术及冠状动脉内支架置入术成功率高,残余狭窄小,可获得较高的梗死相关血管再通率和较低的心肌梗死复发率和死亡率,同时可减少梗死面积,保护心功能。在急性心肌梗死急诊介入治疗的过程中,严密的观察,精心的、全方位的护理可降低心肌梗死的发生,促进患者的康复。     

The feasibility of a porcine model of acute coronary occlusion and reperfusion using off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting

We developed an open-chest porcine model of acute coronary occlusion and surgical reperfusion, and attempted to prevent intra-operative ischaemic ventricular fibrillation (VF) by a Retrograde Intracoronary Glyceryl trinitrate (RIG) infusion into the occluded vessel. Five Yorkshire pigs (weight 50 +/- 1.1 kg), randomized into 3 groups, underwent median sternotomy under general anaesthesia. One pig (Group 1, control) underwent sternotomy and pericardiotomy only. Four pigs underwent acute left anterior descending (LAD) coronary occlusion. Two pigs were not reperfused (Group 2). Two pigs underwent surgical reperfusion (Group 3) via left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafting to the LAD using the Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB) technique. Ischaemic injury was assessed using 7-lead electrocardiography (ECG) and transthoracic/epimyocardial echocardiography (ECHO). Group 1: transient intraoperative hypotension and VF occurred. Successful resuscitation and 10-week survival (until sacrifice) with normal left ventricular (LV) function was achieved. Group 2: there were ECG and ECHO evidence of acute LV ischaemic dysfunction in both pigs. The surviving pig had persistent anterior hypokinesis at 8 1/2 months. The other died intra-operatively following progressive ischaemic LV dysfunction despite resuscitative attempts. Group 3: the surviving pig had normal LV function at 8 months. Initial anterior LV akinesis normalized within 7 days. The other developed post-occlusion haemodynamic instability and died intra-operatively despite reperfusion. In this porcine model, acute LAD artery occlusion modified by the novel RIG infusion technique, followed by surgical reperfusion (OPCAB) is feasible. This model would facilitate further development of OPCAB surgical expertise and understanding of the pathophysiology of ischaemia-reperfusion injury.     

冠状动脉内支架植入术的临床研究

目的探讨冠状动脉内支架植入术在临床上的应用价值。方法８例冠心病患者，经冠状动脉造影证实４例为前降支（ＬＡＤ）近端狭窄，４例为右冠状动脉（ＲＣＡ）中段或近端狭窄。先对狭窄部进行经皮冠状动脉成形术（ＰＴＣＡ），３例因内膜撕裂，１例因动脉夹层形成，２例因血管弹性回缩及２例为预防再狭窄而在扩张处植入了冠状动脉内支架（其中Ｇｉａｎｔｕｒｃｏ－Ｒｏｂｉｎ支架２个，ＮＩＲ支架６个）。结果８例患者冠状动脉内支架植入均获得成功，无并发症。１例患者仍有较轻的心绞痛发作，药物能够控制，其余患者心绞痛症状均完全消失。结论冠状动脉内支架可以安全地应用于临床，以治疗ＰＴＣＡ时因血管损伤引起的急性并发症及降低ＰＴＣＡ术后再狭窄率。     

冠脉内多普勒血流速度描记评价介入治疗效果

目的 应用冠状动脉内多普勒血流速度描记技术,评价经皮冠状动脉球囊扩张术（ＰＴＣＡ）及支架植入术对冠脉血流储备的影响。方法 对２１支（１８例）有狭窄病变的冠状动脉进行ＰＴＣＡ术,其中１６支冠脉ＰＴＣＡ术后植入支架。在ＰＴ－ＣＡ前后和支架植入术后,采用Ｃａｒｄｉｏｍｅｔｒｉｃ ＦｌｏＭａｐⅡ血管腔内多普勒血流速度描记仪和多普勒导丝,测量狭窄近端和远端的平均峰值流速（ＡＰＶ）、舒张期与收缩期流速比（ＤＳ     

移动式数字X线血管机在急诊冠脉介入术中的应用

目的探讨移动式数字X线血管机在急诊经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术中的应用价值。方法将79例拟行急诊PCI术的患者,经“绿色通道”直接送入心内科导管室,均在移动式数字X线血管机（SIAS Cardiodigit9,意大利）下,进行急诊冠状动脉造影（CAG）、冠状动脉腔内扩张（PTCA）术、支架植入（SI）术及冠状动脉腔内超声（IVUS）检查。结果79例均行急诊CAG,74例行急诊PTCA＋SI术,4例单纯行PTCA。PCI术后100％的梗死相关血管恢复TIMI3级血流。手术成功率为100％。1例为无保护左主干病变,即转外科行冠脉旁路术;6例患者还进行了IVUS检查,以确定病变、选择合适的支架,并且评价急诊PCI术后的效果。结论移动式数字X线血管机基本能满足急诊PCI术的要求,操作简单、迅速,功能基本齐全,为建立“心脏绿色通道”的基本设备之一。     

冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄的多因素分析

目的 分析冠状动脉介入治疗后再狭窄才临床易患因素的关系。方法 回顾性分析了１０３例（１２８支血管）在我院进行了经皮冠状动脉腔内形成术（ＰＴＣＡ）成功者,并于术后６个月有完整随访资料病人,通过单因素及多因素方法分析再狭窄与临床因素的关系。结果 冠状动脉再狭窄５１支,非再狭窄７７支,总再狭窄率为３９．８％（５１／１２８）。单因素分析中发现,冠状动脉内架≥３．５ｍｍ组和稳定性心绞痛组的再狭窄较低（３／２     

Stenting versus non-stenting after revascularization of chronic total coronary artery occlusion: short- and long-term clinical and angiographic results

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