人工晶状体眼波阵面像差变化

目的研究超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术对术眼波前像差及成像质量的影响。方法选择白内障患者96人(104眼),随机分为两组进行手术(植入不同类型直径的人工晶状体)。术后分别于1W与4W及12W观察术眼波阵面像差及其他相关变化。结果不同光学结构的人工晶状体均存在单色光像差,其中球差的影响最明显。Z4、Z9、Z12和Z24值在手术前后有显著性差异(P<0.05);RMS1~6、RMSg、RMSh值术后较术前均呈显著性下降(P<0.001)。折叠人工晶状体的类型(三片、一片)与术后RMS 3(r=-0.319)、RMS 4(r=-0.475)、RMS 5(r=-0.304)和RMSh(r=-0.408)值呈显著相关性(P均<0.05)。结论波前像差技术可以帮助揭示术后出现相关视觉问题的原因。白内障术后各阶像差较术前均显著性减小,光学成像质量提高,具特征性的改变是三叶草形的像差和四阶球差;三片式折叠人工晶状体眼的高阶像差小于一片式折叠人工晶状体眼。*     

波前像差与角膜地形图联合分析非球面人工晶体对术眼视觉质量的影响

目的白内障术后的视觉质量因人工晶状体的设计改进而显著改善。文中研究非球面人工晶状体植入术后患眼高阶像差及对比敏感度的特点,评价非球面人工晶状体对术眼视觉质量的影响。方法患者共80只眼分为2组,一组植入非球面人工晶状体Acrysoft SN60WF,一组植入球面人工晶状体Acrysoft SA60AT。术后进行角膜地形图波前像差及对比敏感度的测量。结果术后的最佳矫正视力及角膜高阶像差比较组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后的高阶像差测量显示球面像差Zernike C12、4阶高阶像差及总体像差比较中SA60AT组大于SN60WF组,组间差异均具有统计学意义。眩光对比敏感度,在空间频率6、12、18c/d时,SN60WF组大于SA60AT组(P<0.05)。结论非球面人工晶状体可以减少球面像差,增加对比敏感度。     

屈光性角膜切削术后波前像差和角膜上皮下混浊对低对比度视力的影响

目的:探讨屈光性角膜切削术后,低对比度视力(LCVA)与术眼的高阶波前像差和角膜上皮下混浊的关系。方法:前瞻性横断面研究,对27例受试者的51只眼行屈光性角膜切削术,近视屈光度从-2.0D～-10.5D,用Topcon H artm ann-Shack波前像差仪在4m m瞳孔下测量术眼的高阶波前像差,术前及术后1个月角膜上皮下混浊的程度用N idek TSPC-3角膜混浊度测量仪测量。用V ector Vision CSV-1000LanC10%表记录低对比度视力。测出高阶、三阶(慧差)、4阶(球面)像差的总和。分析波前像差和角膜上皮下混浊对低对比度视力的影响。结果:高阶、3阶、4阶像差的总…     

非球面型人工晶状体植入术后波阵面像差和对比敏感度的研究

目的:观察和比较非球面型人工晶状体及球面型人工晶状体植入术后对波阵面像差、对比敏感度的影响.方法:连续收集接受白内障超声乳化人工晶状体植入手术,术后随访时间大于3个月,最佳矫正视力≥0.8的患者53例,72只眼,其中植入非球面型人工晶状体(Tecnis Z9001,AMO)25例(38只眼),男10例,女15例,平均年龄(69.92±8.24)岁;植入球面型人工晶状体(Sensar AR40e,AMO)28例(34只眼),男12例,女16例,平均年龄(67.08±6.91)岁.在术后3个月时进行裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、眼压、裂隙灯眼前节、眼底等一般检查,并应用客观波阵面像差仪(Wavelight Laser Technologic AG,德国)检查客观像差,应用德国罗兰对比敏感度仪(ROLAND BA-4 Contrastometer,德国)进行暗室无眩光和暗室有眩光对比敏感度阈值检测.结果:非球面型人工晶状体组的球面像差C12(构成4阶像差的主要成分)及第4阶像差均方根RMS4均低于球面型人工晶状体组,差异具有统计学意义;总高阶相差RMSh两组间差异无统计学意义.非球面型人工晶状体组的暗室无眩光对比敏感度阈值正常眼所占百分比为51.7%,暗室有眩光对比敏感度阈值正常眼所占百分比为58.6%;球面型人工晶体组暗室无眩光对比敏感度阈值正常眼所占百分比为32.0%,暗室有眩光对比敏感度阈值正常眼所占百分比为52.0%,两组分布差异无统计学意义.结论:非球面人工晶状体植入可明显减少球面像差,但对暗室对比敏感度无明显影响.     

白内障患者不同人工晶状体植入术后视觉质量比较

目的 检测白内障三种单焦球面人工晶状体植入术后所获得视觉质量的差异.方法 选取行超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术的单纯老年性白内障患者120人(120眼),分别植入肝素表面处理亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体(HQ-201HEP组,n=40)、疏水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体(Sensar AR40e组,n=40)或蓝光滤过人工晶状体(AcrySof Natural SN60AT组,n=40);另选取年龄相近的正常人40眼作为对照组.应用CSV-1000E对比敏感度仪测量对比敏感度及眩光对比敏感度,鹰视波前像差仪测定高阶像差,比较各组对比敏感度和眩光敏感度以及各级高阶像差之间的差异.结果 三组患者对比敏感度及眩光对比敏感度在各空间频率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01).三组患者间总高阶像差(RMSh)、三阶(RMS3)、四阶(RMS4)、五阶(RMS5)、六阶(RMS6)像差差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在球差(C12)、次级球差(C24)、RMSh、RMS3、RMS4、RMS5和RMS6均显著高于对照组(P<0.01).结论 白内障三种单焦球面人工晶状体植入术后对比敏感度功能和各级高阶像差无显著差异,视网膜成像质量无明显区别.植入单焦球面人工晶状体可部分恢复白内障患者的对比敏感度功能,但尚未达到正常同龄人水平.     

白内障超声乳化手术前后角膜高阶像差的改变

目的:比较透明角膜切口白内障超声乳化(Phacoemulsification)联合人工晶状体(IOL)植入术前后角膜高阶像差的改变，为个性化选择IOL提供依据。方法:前瞻性非随机临床研究，收集年龄相关性白内障患者142例(200眼),均接受10∶30方位、2.75 mm透明角膜切口Phacoemulsification+IOL植入术。采用Topcon KR-1W视觉质量分析仪测量术前及术后3个月角膜高阶像差，比较手术前后4 mm及6 mm瞳孔直径下角膜的总高阶像差(tHOA)、球差(SA)、慧差(coma)及三叶草像差(trefoil)的变化。结果:4 mm瞳孔直径下，术前角膜tHOA和trefiol分别为(0.17±0.07)μm和(0.10±0.06)μm,术后3个月为(0.27±0.09)μm和(0.21±0.09)μm; 6 mm瞳孔直径下，术前角膜tHOA和trefiol分别为(0.48±0.14)μm和(0.20±0.11)μm,术后3个月为(0.73±0.21)μm和(0.49±0.20)μm,手术前后角膜tHOA和trefiol值比较，差异有统计学意义(P<0.0...     

白内障患者不同人工晶状体植入术后视觉质量比较

目的检测白内障三种单焦球面人工晶状体植入术后所获得视觉质量的差异。方法选取行超声乳化联合折叠式人工晶状体植入术的单纯老年性白内障患者120人(120眼),分别植入肝素表面处理亲水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体(HQ-201HEP组,n=40)、疏水性丙烯酸酯人工晶状体(Sensar AR40 e组,n=40)或蓝光滤过人工晶状体(AcrySof Natural SN60AT组,n=40);另选取年龄相近的正常人40眼作为对照组。应用CSV-1000E对比敏感度仪测量对比敏感度及眩光对比敏感度,鹰视波前像差仪测定高阶像差,比较各组对比敏感度和眩光敏感度以及各级高阶像差之间的差异。结果三组患者对比敏感度及眩光对比敏感度在各空间频率的差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。三组患者间总高阶像差(RMSh)、三阶(RMS3)、四阶(RMS4)、五阶(RMS5)、六阶(RMS6)像差差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);在球差(C12)、次级球差(C24)、RMSh、RMS3、RMS4、RMS5和RMS6均显著高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论白内障三种单焦球面人工晶状体植入术后对比敏感度功能和各级高阶像差无显著差异,视网膜成像质量无明显区别。植入单焦球面人工晶状体可部分恢复白内障患者的对比敏感度功能,但尚未达到正常同龄人水平。     

不同瞳孔直径下非球面人工晶状体高阶像差的观察

目的 观察不同瞳孔直径下非球面与球面人工晶状体植入眼内的高阶像差.方法 回顾性选择单纯老年性白内障患者76例(88眼),按照植入非球面或球面人工晶状体的类型不同分为两组:非球面人工晶状体(KS-3Ai)组38例(45眼),球面人工晶状体(KS-3)组38例(43眼).入选患者均行白内障超声乳化吸除术分别植入预装式非球面或预装式球面人工晶状体.术后3个月检查瞳孔分别标定为6、5、4mm的高阶像差[包括四阶像差均方根(RMS4)、球差C12 (Z40)、总高阶像差均方根(RMSh)].结果 瞳孔4mm的非球面组球差C12低于球面组,差异有统计学意义(P=000).瞳孔5mm的非球面组球差C12 低于球面组,差异有统计学意义(P=000).瞳孔4、5mm的四阶像差均方根、高阶像差均方根、非球面与球面组的差异无统计学意义. 瞳孔6mm的非球面组球差C12低于球面组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000).四阶像差均方根非球面组低于球面组,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.004).高阶像差均方根非球面组低于球面组,两者差异有统计学意义(P=0.012).结论 瞳孔4、5mm时,非球面人工晶状体较普通的球面人工晶状体仅降低球差,不能降低总的高阶像差,非球面人工晶状体更加适合瞳孔在5mm以上的患者.     

低度数球面与非球面人工晶状体眼在不同瞳孔直径下高阶像差的比较

目的 比较低度数球面人工晶状体与非球面人工晶状体眼在不同瞳孔直径下高阶像差的差别,为临床合并有轴性高度近视白内障患者植入低度数人工晶状体的选择提供参考,期望进一步提高低度数人工晶状体眼的视觉质量.方法 回顾性分析分别植入低度数球面与非球面人工晶状体合并高度轴性近视的白内障患者共30眼,根据所植入人工晶状体的不同分为两组(各15只眼).观察术眼手术后3个月在不同瞳孔直径下的高阶像差的差异.结果 手术后3个月测量最佳矫正视力两组间没有统计学差异; 4mm瞳孔直径下球差两组之间没有统计学差异;6mm瞳孔直径下光学部后表面非球面设计的人工晶状体组球差显著低于球面人工晶状体眼(P<0.05).结论 高阶像差随瞳孔直径的增大而增加,非球面人工晶状体眼的球差小于球面人工晶状体眼有统计学差异.具有正常瞳孔的高度轴性近视白内障患者,非球面人工晶状体的植入可以获得更低的球面像差.     

非球面人工晶状体术后视觉质量的研究

目的前瞻对比性研究Akreos^TM系列人工晶状体植入术后视力、术眼波前像差的表现。方法选择年龄相关性白内障患者36例（40只眼）,随机将患者分为2组：A组20例（20只眼）植入非球面（消像差）Akreos^TMAO人工晶状体、B组16例（20只眼）植入传统正球面Akreos^TM人工晶状体,分别于术前、术后一周和一月检查,采用ZEIZZ波前像差仪测量波前像差,并进行统计分析。结果2组患者术后矫正视力均大于0.9;非球面（消像差）Akreos^TMAO人工晶状体组术后四阶像差（S4）低于植入传统正球面Akreos^TM人工晶状组,两组术后的波前像差值中的四阶像差S4和Zern ike多项式中的Z（2,0）、Z（4,0）、Z（5,1）和Z（6,0）有统计上的差异,其它指标无统计学差异。结论白内障超声乳化术植入消像差Akreos^TMAO人工晶状体在夜视条件下即瞳孔直径大时,较植入传统正球面人工晶状体Akreos^TM的波前像差稍低,成像质量更好。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.