解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部骨折46例临床观察

目的评价解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折的疗效及临床应用价值。方法46例股骨髁部骨折患者均采用手术治疗,术中采用髁部解剖钢板固定,并用自体髂骨植骨;术后早期CPM仪进行功能训练,随访3个月-3年,评价治疗效果。结果46例患者中,术后X线片示骨折解剖复位38例,近解剖复位8例。切口I期愈合40例,Ⅱ期愈合6例,无关节腔及深部感染;关节功能评分优18例,良20例,可5例,差3例,优良率为82．61％。结论解剖钢板内固定治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折具有明显的疗效,值得推广应用。     

L形钢板加螺钉骨栓髂骨植骨治疗股骨髁部粉碎骨折

目的：股骨髁部粉碎骨折保守治疗效果差,采用手术复位内固定以利恢复膝关节功能。方法：2005～2009年采用L形钢板和螺钉骨栓髂骨植骨内固定治疗股骨髁粉碎骨折52例。术中先用螺丝固定内处髁,然后用L形钢板固定髁和股骨干。结果：所有骨折愈合,骨折解剖复位47例。随访1～3.5年,总优良率88.5%。结论：股骨髁部粉碎骨折应早期手术。采用L形钢板和螺钉内固定能达到解剖复位,坚强固定,早期功能锻炼,有利膝关节功能恢复。     

逆行髓内钉与髁部钢板治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折的比较

目的比较逆行髓内钉与髁部钢板治疗股骨髁部粉碎性骨折的效果。方法回顾性分析2000-2005年收治的36例股骨髁部粉碎性骨折病例,分别采用逆行髓内钉（n=19）与髁钢板（n=17）两种内固定方法治疗,比较两种方法的骨折愈合时间及膝关节功能恢复情况。结果逆行髓内钉固定股骨髁部粉碎性骨折后,其骨折愈合时间平均为102天,膝关节功能评分为84．59,而踝部钢板固定骨折愈合时间平均为91．35天,膝关节功能评分为91．10,两组比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论髁钢板对股骨髁部粉碎性骨折的固定效果优于逆行髓内钉。     

解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法 对2001年5月以来收治的股骨远端粉碎性骨折45例,用AO解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒进行内固定治疗,术后获8～36个月随访。结果 解剖复位39例,接近解剖复位6例;45例伤口均愈合,无骨折不愈合、螺钉松动、钢板断裂等并发症;按Merchan膝关节功能评分,优31例,良10例,可4例;优良率91．1％。结论 AO解剖型钢板配合可吸收棒治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折,关节面复位好,固定可靠,便于膝关节早期功能锻炼,是治疗股骨远端粉碎性骨折较理想的方法。     

改良前外侧入路治疗股骨下端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨改良前外侧入路钢板内固定治疗股骨下端粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法自2008年8月—2012年1月采用改良前外侧入路钢板内固定治疗股骨下端粉碎性骨折78例。结果随访10个月～2年,所有病例无螺钉松动、钢板断裂、肢体短缩及膝关节内外翻畸形愈合等并发症,73例骨折完全愈合,5例骨折不愈合经二期髂骨植骨后骨性愈合,膝关节功能优良率达91%。结论改良前外侧入路钢板内固定治疗股骨下端粉碎性骨折,操作简单、舒服,复位满意,固定可靠,手术创伤小,保护伸膝装置的完整性,有利于骨折愈合及膝关节早期功能锻炼,术后恢复快,疗效确切。     

股骨远端复杂骨折内固定治疗方法的选择

目的评价3种内固定方法治疗股骨远端复杂骨折的临床疗效。方法手术治疗67例（68侧）股骨远端复杂骨折。AO分类：A3型30侧，c2型23侧，c3型15侧。髁动力加压钢板16例，股骨髁上逆行交锁髓内钉16例17侧，股骨髁解剖型支撑钢板33例，其他螺钉克氏针2例。术后2dCPM辅助功能锻炼。结果随访至骨折愈合，68侧骨折中，1例感染及1例骨折不愈合。按Kolment疗效评定标准：优24侧，良33侧，可9侧，差2侧。结论应根据股骨远端复杂骨折的特点选用合适的内固定方法，解剖复位，稳定的内固定，早期的康复训练，以获得良好的疗效。     

一期植骨解剖锕板固定治疗股骨下端复杂骨折

目的探讨解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法对2000年以来收治的股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折35例,采用解剖型钢板内固定及一期髂骨植骨治疗。结果随访1-2年,骨折均完全愈合,无骨不连、螺钉松动、钢板断裂、肢体短缩及膝关节内外翻畸形愈合等并发症,膝关节功能优良率达94.1％。结论解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折,操作简单,固定可靠,手术创伤小,有利于膝关节功能的恢复,是治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折较理想的方法。     

一期植骨解剖钢板固定治疗股骨下端复杂骨折

目的探讨解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法对2000年以来收治的股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折35例,采用解剖型钢板内固定及一期髂骨植骨治疗。结果随访1～2年,骨折均完全愈合,无骨不连、螺钉松动、钢板断裂、肢体短缩及膝关节内外翻畸形愈合等并发症,膝关节功能优良率达94.1%。结论解剖型钢板内固定、一期植骨治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折,操作简单,固定可靠,手术创伤小,有利于膝关节功能的恢复,是治疗股骨下端复杂粉碎性骨折较理想的方法。     

动力髁螺钉治疗极不稳定型股骨粗隆下骨折

目的总结应用动力髁螺钉(dymrnjc condylar screw,DCS)治疗极不稳定性股骨粗隆下骨折的效果。方法对25例股骨粗隆下长节段粉碎性骨折的患者采用间接复位、DCS内固定等治疗。结果所有病例随访10～34个月,平均21个月,均骨性愈合,平均愈合时间为术后3个月,髋关节功能根据HSS髋关节评分法评定,优22例,良3例。结论DCS特别适用于治疗股骨粗隆下粉碎性骨折这类极不稳定性骨折,能达到良好的骨折复位和坚强的固定,促进关节早期功能锻炼,骨折愈合率较高。     

微创经皮钢板内固定治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折

目的 探讨经皮钢板（DCS）结合微创经皮钢板固定术（MIPPO）治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折的手术技术、手术指征及手术疗效。方法 采用MIPPO技术以DCS治疗14例股骨近端粉碎性骨折患者,平均年龄38．7岁;骨折类型：骨折按照AO分型,均为A3型骨折,其中13例骨折波及股骨上段粗隆下区域。术后平均随访9个月。结果 用Harris评分表评价髋关节功能,优8例,良6例。随访中发现：术后4个月左右骨折临床愈合,可弃拐负重行走。没有出现骨折不愈合、内固定失败、切口延迟愈合或感染等并发症。结论 DCS结合MIPPO技术治疗股骨近端粉碎性骨折有较可靠的疗效。     

Optimization of the system of medical service of students of Cadet Schools of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

One of the factors of the successful military career guidance Cadet schools students is preserving and promoting their health. Medical support of children and adolescents aged 10-17 years should include the full range of medical and preventive measures defined for this group. The state of providing outpatient care for pupils at the Cadet School in St. Petersburg was studied. These results show that full medical care in accordance with the standards can be based only on children's health clinics. It is important that the organization of medical support pupils cadet schools should be cooperate with civilian health care.     

带状疱疹83例误诊原因分析

带状疱疹是由水痘—带状疱疾病毒引起的皮肤科常见疾病。其主要的病理损害,一是受累神经的严重炎症性浸润,继而导致受侵犯神经节内神经细胞变性、坏死;二是皮肤的水泡。迅速抑制神经节和相应的感觉神经纤维的充血、水肿和坏死,防止粘连形成,达到迅速镇痛、改善皮损,缩短病程及防止后遗症的发生是治疗的关键。因而,尽早明确诊断,     

Estimation of accumulated dose of radiation by method of ESR-spectrometry of dental enamel of mammals

ESR-spectrometry was used to investigate radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in enamel of mammals: carnivores (polar bear and fox), ungulates (reindeer, European bison, moose), and man. Values at half the microwave power saturation of the radiation signal, P_1/2, evaluated at room temperature, was found to range from 16 to 26 mW for animals and man. A new approach to discrimination of the radiation induced signal from the total ESR spectrum of reindeer enamel is proposed. ‘Dose-response’ dependencies of enamel of different species mammals were measured within the dose range from 0.48 up to 10.08 Gy. Estimations of ‘radiosensitivity’ enamel of carnivores and ungulates showed good agreement with radiosensitivity enamel of man by ESR method.     

Analysis of the results of the international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of Fe

The results of an international comparison of activity measurements of a solution of ⁵⁵Fe organized by the BIPM in 2005 are reported and analysed. This exercise, which follows the procedures of the CIPM mutual recognition arrangement to update older comparisons, is a renewal of the comparison organized by the BIPM that took place in 1978. A EUROMET comparison was organized in 1996 specifically to compare activity measurements of a ⁵⁵Fe solution by means of liquid-scintillation techniques. Results of these three comparisons are presented and discussed in this paper.

The radionuclide solution was provided by the NPL, which also distributed the samples to the participants. The activity of the ampoules was measured by 16 laboratories using 12 methods producing 25 results. Some general considerations on uncertainty assessments pertaining to the different techniques used are drawn. The outcome of four different estimators is compared from which the presence of at least one outlier can be confirmed. Further measurements should be made to try to reduce the discrepancy between the results. To date the outcome of the present comparison does not show an improvement to that of the 1996 comparison.     

Evaluation of the results of various technics of non-surgical therapy of varicocele

A new method of non-surgical treatment of varicocele syndrome is described: it consists in sclerotherapy of spermatic vein by trans-femoral percutaneous catheterization with balloon-catheters. In 8 cases venous thrombosis has been induced by direct electric clotting. The techniques and a 6 months follow-up are discussed. It is pointed out that this procedure should be considered as the method of choice for tubular lesions and sub-fertility prophylaxis in young people and in childhood.     

延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因分析

目的探讨延迟性脾破裂误漏诊原因和预防措施.方法回顾性分析总结12例延迟性脾破裂中的诊断和误漏诊的经验与教训.结果本组延迟性脾破裂的误漏诊5例(41.66%).对多发伤与脾破裂并存可能认识不足,外伤史轻微或伤员隐瞒外伤史,缺乏腹痛-缓解-突然再腹痛的典型病史,缺乏“对冲性脾破裂”力学分析和整体化诊断思路等为其误漏诊的主要原因.结论详细的外伤史和全面系统检查,重视腹以外多发伤掩盖腹内脏器伤及延迟性脾破裂可能.确立外伤-腹内脏器伤-脾破裂整体化诊断思路.不间断地辅以B超检查脾形态学变化和腹内有无积液,腹腔穿刺确定有无血腹、X线胸腹部检查观察左侧胸肋角和膈肌运动情况、必要时CT检查以尽早发现脾包膜下血肿,降低延迟性脾破裂误漏诊率.