Clinical and roentgenographic evaluation of noncemented porous-coated anatomic medullary locking (AML) and porous-coated anatomic (PCA) total hip arthroplasties

Eighty-four primary noncemented porous-coated total hip arthroplasties (THAs) in 78 patients were reviewed clinically and roentgenographically at an average follow-up period of 37 months. The average patient age was 51.9 years. Sixty-four Anatomic Medullary Locking (AML) devices were placed in 58 patients, and 20 Porous-Coated Anatomic (PCA) devices were placed in 20 patients. The AML devices had been in situ an average of 36 months (range, 24-49 months), and the PCA devices had been in situ an average of 40 months (range, 29-51 months). The average patient ages were 52.7 and 49.2 years for AML and PCA patients, respectively. The AML devices included three that were fully coated, 59 that were five-eighths coated, and two that were one-third coated. The average preoperative Harris hip score was 38.2 for the AML devices and 33.2 for the PCA devices. The average postoperative Harris hip score was 80.7 for the AML devices and 83.8 for the PCA devices. Pain related to the implant was present in 30% of the AML devices and 30% of the PCA devices. Roentgenographically, no component demonstrated complete radiolucency, and all components demonstrated roentgenographic evidence of bone ingrowth. Roentgenographic changes with time noted for both the AML and PCA devices included: neck roundoff, neck osteolysis, neck corticocancellization, endosteal bone bridging, and distal hypertrophy. On roentgenographic zonal analysis, radiolucency greater than 1 mm was observed most frequently in the most proximal lateral zone and distal tip of the femoral component. The current series of cases, although clinically acceptable, does not support the current widespread enthusiasm for primary noncemented AML and PCA total hip systems. Cemented THA appears to produce superior clinical results, particularly when contemporary cementing techniques are employed.     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty with AML,PCA and HGP prostheses

Summary Two hundred and fourteen patients who had 270 cementless hip prostheses were followed for 2 to 8 years. PCA (Porous-Coated Monatomic), AML (Monatomic Medullary Locking) and HGP (Harris-Galante-Porous) femoral stems and acetabular cups were used without any preference for the prostheses. The overall clinical results were similar for the three prostheses with average Harris hip scores of 93, 93 and 91 respectively. Four PCA prostheses had radiological aseptic loosening and one was revised because of polyethylene wear. There was no loosening in the AML and HGP prostheses. Pain in the thigh, usually slight, occurred in 17% of AML, 21% of PCA and 19% of HGP prostheses. Five years after operation, radiological changes such as migration, calcar remodelling and radiolucent lines were the same for the 3 prostheses, but bony ingrowth was greater with the AML femoral stems.

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Résumé Deux cents quatorze patients, porteurs de 270 prothèses de hanche non cimentées, ont été suivis de deux à huit ans. Les prothèses PCA, AML et HGP (Harris-Galante) ont été utilisées indifféremment. Dans l'ensemble les résultats cliniques de ces trois prothèses sont identiques. Cinq ans après l'opération la cotation de Harris était en moyenne de 93 pour l'AML, de 93 pour la PCA et de 91 pour l'HGP. Quatre prothèses PCA présentaient un descellement radiologique aseptique, dont un a été repris en raison de l'usure du polyéthylène. Aucun descellement n'a été observé dans les prothèses AML et HGP. Les douleurs de cuisse, habituellement légères, sont survenues dans 17% des prothèses AML, dans 23% des prothèses PCA et dans 19% des prothèses HGP. Cinq ans après l'opération les modifications radiologiques, telles que migration, remodelage du calcar, liserés, sont identiques pour ces trois prothèses. Cependant la repousse osseuse radiologique paraît plus marquée au niveau de la tige fémorale des prothèses AML.

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Presented at the 19th World Congress of SICOT, Seoul, Korea on 31 August 1993     

Decreased pain with lower flexural rigidity of uncemented femoral prostheses

One hundred one consecutive uncemented hip arthroplasties (87 patients) were analyzed radiographically at 1-year follow up to relate mechanical factors to hip pain as determined by clinical pain scores. The average area moment of inertia and flexural rigidity were greater for the bone than the metal prosthesis for each type of prosthesis (AML, HG, PCA). Normalization of the flexural rigidity ratio (bone to prosthesis) for patient weight yielded a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.232, significant at P = .02, suggesting that both applied stress and bending stiffness have an effect on pain. No relationship was seen between pain and AP, or average gap between prostheses and bone.     

Clinical and roentgenographic evaluation of bipolar prostheses with noncemented anatomic medullary locking femoral stems

Fifty-six DePuy anatomic medullary locking femoral bipolar prostheses were reviewed clinically and roentgenographically in 50 patients at an average follow-up period of 30 months (range, 24-71 months). Forty-four of the implantations were in 40 male and 12 were in ten female patients. Forty-five devices were placed in primary operations, while 11 were used in revisions. The overall average age was 53.5 years. The average Harris hip scores for the primary bipolars were 29.8 preoperative and 77.3 postoperative, while the revision bipolars had Harris hip scores of 35.9 preoperative and 75.1 postoperative. Nearly one-half (47%) of all primary and 54% of the revision patients experienced pain to some degree on ambulation. Roentgenographically, all femoral components appeared to be well fixed biologically. Roentgenographic changes occurred with time in both primary and revision prostheses. On roentgenographic zonal analysis of primary prostheses, radiolucencies greater than 1 mm were present most frequently in the most proximal lateral zone and at the distal tip of the prosthesis. Although the use of noncemented bipolar prostheses generally shows acceptable clinical results, noncemented fixed acetabular components with noncemented femoral components produce a more satisfactory clinical result.     

Cementless total hip arthroplasty in young Chinese patients: a comparison of 2 different prostheses

Sixty-one primary cementless total hip arthroplasties were performed in 45 Chinese patients <40 years old. There were 27 Anatomic Medullary Locking (AML, Depuy, Warsaw, IN) prostheses and 34 Porous Coated Anatomic (PCA, Howmedica, Rutherford, NJ) prostheses. The average follow-up was 7.6 years (range, 3-11 years). Ten hips (16%) were reoperated; the reason was polyethylene wear with or without osteolysis in 7 hips. Osteolytic lesion was present in 34 hips (56%). The cumulative successful rate at 10 years was 67% using reoperation for any reason as the endpoint. The cumulative successful rate was 98%, however, if revision for aseptic loosening was used as the endpoint. The 2 prostheses did not show significant differences in most parameters except that the PCA hips had significantly more acetabular loosening (P =.02) and periprosthetic osteolysis (P =.01).     

Cemented collarless (exeter-CPT) versus cementless collarless (PCA) femoral components: A 2- to 14-year follow-up evaluation

The purpose of this study was to compare the intermediate results of total hip arthroplasty with a cemented, collarless, femoral prosthesis design (Exeter, Howmedica, Middlesex, UK and CPT, Zimmer, Warsaw, IN) with those of a cementless, collarless, porous-coated femoral component (PCA, Howmedica). A total of 151 hips in 128 patients were reviewed. In the cemented group, 85 Exeter-CPT prostheses were used in 71 patients with an average follow-up period of 6.5 years. In the uncemented group, 66 PCA prostheses were placed in 57 patients with an average follow-up period of 7 years. Harrington hip scores improved from 50.1 to 80.7 for the PGA group and from 49.5 to 87.3 for the Exeter-CPT group. The patient satisfaction rates were 89 and 96%, respectively. Sixty-eight patients with Exeter or CPT prostheses had excellent function and no significant thigh pain after 2 years. One Exeter stem was revised 10 years after the primary surgery because of localized osteolysis due to cement defect. Two Exeter sockets were revised because of aseptic loosening. In the PCA group, the incidence of thigh pain that persisted beyond 2 years was 39.4%, and there were high incidences of distal cortical hypertrophy (66.6%) and bead loosening (45.5%). Sixteen hips were revised for aseptic stem loosening, uncontrollable thight pain, or stem fracture (1 hip), and seven were revised because of migration and aseptic loosening of the socket. The cementless ingrowth stems failed earlier (around 5 years), whereas the cemented stems continued to perform well past 14 years. In this study, the cemented, collarless, collarless, porous-coated anatomic design at an average follow-up period of 7 years (range, 2–14 years).     

Treatment of fractures about hip prostheses with compression plating.

Between 1984 and 1986, 10 patients who sustained a femur fracture about a hip prosthesis were treated with open reduction and internal fixation using compression plating. Nine of the 10 fractures healed in an average time of 5 months. Other than one nonunion, no significant complications were noted. Follow-up study, ranging from 13 to 44 months (average, 26 months), was obtained on all 10 patients. One had a loose femoral component, which was attributed to inadequate stem size. None of the other patients had either clinical or radiographic evidence of loosening. Based on Harris hip scores, there was no indication that plating significantly interfered with hip function. The authors believe that these results demonstrate that plating can be an effective method of treating femoral fractures about hip prostheses.     

A randomized trial of hydroxyapatite coated prostheses in total hip arthroplasty

In a prospective randomized trial, 62 consecutive primary cementless total hip arthroplasties in 55 patients were performed by one surgeon using either hydroxyapatite coated (35 hips) or nonhydroxyapatite coated femoral prostheses (27 hips). The dual tapered femoral stem had a Ti-6AI-4V plasma sprayed circumferential proximal porous coat applied to the proximal 1/3 of the stem. The middle 1/3 had a roughened blasted textured surface, and the distal 1/3 had a smooth surface. The hydroxyapatite coated femoral stems had an additional hydroxyapatite coating applied to the proximal porous coat with use of an air plasma process. The patients in the two groups were not significantly different regarding age (48.2 +/- 9.0 years hydroxyapatite group, 50.4 +/- 8.7 years control group), gender, Charnley class, or length of followup (4.4 +/- 0.7 years hydroxyapatite group, 4.9 +/- 1.0 years control group). Forty-nine patients (54 hips) were available for clinical followup, and 45 patients (50 hips) had radiographic followup. A minimum 3-year followup was recorded. To date, there have been no femoral prostheses failures. No femoral implant has migrated or subsided. Radiographically, the hydroxyapatite coated stems showed trends toward increased distal stem related cortical hypertrophy, increased cancellous condensation and less endosteal cavitation. Two nonhydroxyapatite coated stems had distal endosteal cavitation, whereas no hydroxyapatite coated stems did. There were two cases of acetabular osteolysis (revision in one) and two cases of acetabular cup migration (nonrevised), all occurring in the control group. The overall revision rate was 4%. There was no difference in Harris hip scores at 6 months (80.6 +/- 13.0 points hydroxyapatite group, 83.8 +/- 12.4 points control group) or at last followup (85.6 +/- 15.4 points hydroxyapatite group, 89.7 +/- 13.4 control group). The Harris hip pain scores also were not significantly different at 6 months or at last followup. Multiple linear regression analysis controlling for age, gender, and length of followup revealed no significant predictors of Harris hip or pain scores. The results of this study at an average of 4.6 years do not indicate a significant clinical advantage to the use of hydroxyapatite coated femoral prostheses in primary cementless total hip arthroplasty when judged by the criteria of Harris hip scores and femoral stem survivorship.     

Joint motion of bipolar femoral prostheses

From 1982 to 1991, 251 bipolar hip arthroplasties were performed on 213 patients. Among them, 117 bipolar femoral prostheses were randomly selected to examine the behavior of abduction motion under weight-bearing loads. Roentgenographic motion study was performed at an average of 46.5 months after surgery (range, 2–110 months). One hundred one prostheses used in dysplastic osteoarthritic, rheumatoid, and revised failed total hip arthroplasty patients moved 18.2% at the outer bearing and 81.8% at the inner bearing, while 16 prostheses used in femoral neck fracture and osteonecrosis of the femoral head patients moved 49.7% at the inner bearing and 50.3% at the outer bearing. There was a statistical difference in the motion pattern between the two groups. The abduction motion behavior of the bipolar femoral prostheses was not affected by the length of the follow-up period, the diameter of the outer heads, or the position of the prostheses on immediate postoperative roentgenograms     

应用抗菌素骨水泥旷置分期翻修治疗人工髋关节置换术后感染

目的 评估应用抗菌素骨水泥旷置分期翻修（TSEA）治疗髋关节置换术后感染的疗效。方法 1998年1月～2005年1月，采用TSEA治疗8例髋关节置换术后感染患者，所有患者均行细菌培养检查，一期清创假体取出滴注2例，清创后假体取出加PR-40抗菌素骨水泥支架旷置6例；二期翻修采用非骨水泥假体3例，骨水泥型假体3例，混合髋2例；手术前后髋关节功能通过Harris评分评估。结果 4例细菌培养为金黄色葡萄球菌，3例为混合感染，1例细菌培养阴性。一期处理后所有伤口均愈合，一、二期平均间隔5．5个月。术后平均3年4个月随访时髋关节Harris评分由术前31．1分提高至62．9分。结论 TSEA是治疗髋关节置换术后感染非常有效的方法，其中碘氟浸泡髓腔和抗菌素骨水泥旷置是主要手段。骨水泥复合万古霉素对耐受甲氧西林金黄色球菌人工关节感染治疗有效。     

Single-stage,bilateral, cementless total hip arthroplasty

Single-stage, bilateral, cementless total hip arthroplasties were performed in 92 patients (184 arthroplasties) between March 1984 and December 1989. The clinical and radiographic findings were retrospectively evaluated, and the effects of weight bearing on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of the patients' prostheses were assessed. With a follow-up period ranging from 24 to 77 months (average, 44 months), the postoperative Harris hip scores averaged 94.6. Radiographic assessment at the most recent follow-up examination showed that 70% of the femoral components were optimally fixed, 26% were stable, and 4% had failed. Ninety-six percent of the acetabular components were optimally fixed. There were six acetabular component failures. These results indicate that single-stage, bilateral, cementless total hip arthroplasty can be performed without compromise to either hip if initial fit is achieved in both the metaphyseal and diaphyseal portions of the femur. Moreover, weight bearing did not adversely affect the initial stability and possible bone ingrowth, further implicating initial rigid fixation as paramount among the factors influencing the amount of ingrowth into the prosthesis.     

Fractures of the femoral neck treated with a bipolar endoprosthesis

Seventy-five patients with 77 bipolar hip endoprostheses were reexamined and had roentgenograms taken at an average of 51 months postoperatively. The average age of the patients was 77 years. All prostheses had been inserted due to intracapsular fractures of the femoral neck. Three prostheses had been revised to a total hip arthroplasty at the time of follow-up examination. Radiologically, three cases of protrusion and ten cases with a radiolucent zone greater than 2 mm around the femoral stem were found. Functionally, the result was excellent or good in about 75% of the active ambulators. As acetabular erosion and protrusion appears to have been reduced to some extent, a bipolar hip prosthesis is found to be a good alternative to conventional hemiarthroplasty in elderly patients with a fracture of the femoral neck.     

Noncemented porous-coated anatomic total hip arthroplasty

In 1984, as an alternate to the acrylic fixation of the components of total hip arthroplasty, the use of an uncemented porous-coated anatomic (PCA) hip system with a beaded porous coating to achieve biologic fixation was initiated. Since then, 44 patients with cementless acetabular components and 35 patients with cementless femoral components have been followed for a minimum of 24 months and an average of 37 months. Harris hip scores averaged 90.5 at most recent follow-up intervals. No reoperations were necessary for failures of fixation or change in position of the acetabular component. Ominous roentgenographic signs such as progressive bead shedding, progressive radiolucencies, or progressive component migration have not occurred. Two femoral component revisions have been necessary: one for intractable pain and one for pain and roentgenographic loosening. Although thigh pain has been prevalent (20%), all patients have been accommodated and have retained stable hip scores. Progressive radiolucencies and progressive implant subsidence have been rare occurrences. The authors continue to use the cementless acetabular component in all cases of total hip arthroplasty in which initial stability can be obtained. It is their preference to cement the femoral component in patients over 65 or when initial stability cannot be achieved.     

Treatment of femur head necrosis using a total hip prosthesis following kidney transplantation

From 1972 to 1978 we implanted 30 total hip prostheses in 20 patients with kidney transplant and femoral head necrosis. All were patients who still had immune suppressing drug therapy. To reduce the infection risk the patients had a special preoperative treatment -- single room -- always the same surgeon, short operative procedure in the greenhouse of 45 minutes on an average and only 4 blood infusions. Thereby, we had no complications peroperative and none were observed during the following checks extending from 4 months to 6 years. Hence, we believe that the implantation of total hip prostheses in high risk patients with kidney transplants and femoral head necrosis is recommendable.     

Long-stem cemented calcar replacement arthroplasty for proximal femoral bone loss

Revision total hip arthroplasty with accompanying bone defects may require calcar replacement prostheses to restore hip stability and function. Twenty-nine hips in 27 patients were followed for a mean of 41 months (range, 24-101 months). The average Harris Hip Score increased from 34 to 82 points. Acceptable cement mantles (A, B, C1) were present in all cases. Three femoral components (10.3%) were re-revised as a result of aseptic loosening. Two others (6.9%) were loose by radiographic criteria. Thus, 24 (82.8%) of the 29 index femoral components were rigidly fixed according to radiographic criteria, whereas 26 (89.7%) still were in place at the time of review. The results of this study suggest that long-stem cemented calcar-replacement prostheses with modern cementing technique are a reasonable option in femoral revision arthroplasties involving proximal bone loss.     

髋关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折内固定失败

目的 评价采用髋关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折内固定失败的临床效果.方法 回顾性分析2003年7月至2011年6月,采用髋关节置换术治疗老年髋部骨折内固定失败并获得完整随访资料者22例,男12例,女10例;行髋关节置换术的年龄为65～82岁,平均72岁;从骨折到行髋关节置换的时间为8～71个月,平均41个月.骨折内固定方法是多枚螺钉12例,滑动髋螺钉6例,股骨近端髓内钉2例,股骨近端钢板2例.失败原因是拉力螺钉切出股骨头7例,骨折不愈合6例,股骨头缺血性坏死5例,创伤性骨关节炎4例.术前患髋Harris评分平均37分(32～45分),采用非骨水泥型全髋置换l1例,骨水泥型全髋置换4例,非骨水泥型半髋置换4例,骨水泥型半髋置换3例.标准柄股骨假体1 5例,长柄股骨假体7例.结果 22例均获随访,随访时间1～5年,平均2.5年.末次随访时Harris评分平均88分(84～95分),优7例,良11例,可3例,差1例,优良率81.8％.无假体松动和下沉.结论 髋关节置换术是治疗老年髋部骨折内固定失败后的一种有效挽救关节功能的选择.     

Aggressive granulomatous lesions in cementless total hip arthroplasty

We describe six patients with aggressive granulomatous lesions around cementless total hip prostheses. Two patients previously had a cemented prosthesis in the same hip. The Lord prosthesis was used in five patients, the PCA in one. Both prostheses were made of chrome-cobalt alloy. Pain on weight-bearing occurred on average 3.2 years after the cementless arthroplasty, and at that time radiography revealed aggressive granulomatosis around the proximal femoral stem and the acetabular component in five of the patients; one had a large solitary granuloma in the proximal femur. Revision was performed on average 4.8 years after the cementless arthroplasty. At that time all granulomas had grown large in size; while waiting for revision operation, two femoral stem components fractured. All the granulomas showed a uniform histopathology, which included histiocytosis; the cause for these lesions was thought to be plastic debris from the acetabular socket.     

Extended femoral nerve sheath block after total hip arthroplasty: continuous versus patient-controlled techniques

We assessed the efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) techniques for extended femoral nerve sheath block after total hip arthroplasty. Forty-five patients were divided into three groups of 15. Over 48 h, all patients received 0.125% bupivacaine with clonidine 1 microg/mL and sufentanil 0.1 microg/mL via a femoral nerve sheath catheter as a continuous infusion at 10 mL/h in Group 1, as PCA boluses only of 10 mL/h in Group 2, or as PCA boluses of 5 mL per 30 min in Group 3. Pain scores, sensory block, supplemental analgesia, bupivacaine consumption, side effects, and satisfaction scores were recorded. Pain scores at rest and supplemental analgesia were comparable in the three groups. At 48 h, pain relief on movement was significantly better in Group 3 than in Group 1 (P = 0.01). Bupivacaine consumption was significantly less in Groups 2 and 3 than in Group 1 (P < 0.001). Side effects were comparable in the three groups. Satisfaction scores were significantly higher in Group 3 than in the other groups (P < 0.01). We conclude that, to maintain extended femoral nerve sheath block after total hip arthroplasty, PCA techniques reduce the local anesthetic consumption without compromise in patient satisfaction or visual analog scale scores. Of the two PCA techniques tested, PCA boluses (5 mL per 30 min) of 0.125% bupivacaine with clonidine 1 microg/mL and sufentanil 0.1 microg/mL are associated with the smallest local anesthetic consumption and the most patient satisfaction.     

髋臼内陷症的全髋关节置换术

目的 探讨全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼内陷症的手术操作方法和临床疗效.方法 2003年6月至2008年5月,采用全髋关节置换术治疗髋臼内陷症31例35髋,男16例18髋,女15例17髋;年龄36～71岁,平均52.2岁.手术均采用后外侧入路,股骨头取出困难时采用逆行取出法,分别处理髋臼环和髋臼底,取自体松质颗粒骨修复骨缺损,采用压配方式植入非骨水泥型全髋关节假体.术后1、3、6、12个月门诊随访,以后每年随访1次,随访时采用Harris髋关节评分评估髋关节功能,摄X线片观察假体是否有松动和再次内陷,植骨是否愈合.结果 全部病例随访19～152个月,平均46.5个月.1例患者术后第2天出现右下肢深静脉血栓,经抗凝处理后痊愈;1例术后2个月出现轻度大腿痛,无特殊处理,术后6个月消失,无其他并发症发生.术前Harris髋关节评分平均(48.9±6.5)分,末次随访增至平均(91.2±5.7)分,较术前平均改善42.3分.X线片显示所有假体均获得骨性稳定,无松动和再次内陷,术后平均6个月植骨愈合.结论 对于内陷髋臼,采用不同于普通全髋关节置换的手术技术,外移髋臼至旋转中心,用植骨修复骨缺损,选择非骨水泥型假体重建髋臼,可获得较好的临床效果,髋臼松动和再次内陷发生率低.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcome of total hip arthroplasty (THA) for protrusio acetabuli. Methods Between 2003 to 2008, 31 patients(35 hips) with protrusio acetabuli were treated with THA, including 16 males (18 hips) and 15 females (17 hips). The age ranged from 36 to 71 years (average age 52.2 years). The femoral heads were moved out with retrograde method when necessary via posterior-lateral hip incision. The acetabular loops and bottoms were prepared respectively. Auto-bone grafting was used to repair acetabular defects and cementless prostheses were planted with press-fit skills. At follow-up visit,the hip functions were evaluated by Harris score. The loosening, re-protrusion and the union of graft bone was judged by X-ray. Results The mean follow-up was 46.5 months (19-152 months). One patient developed DVT on the second day post-operatively who recovered well after anticoagulation treatment. One patient complained of gentle thigh pain which disappeared at 6 months. No other complication was found. The mean Harris scores had improved from 48.9±6.5 pre-operatively to 91.2±5.7 post-operatively. All prostheses acquired bone stabilization with no sign of loosening and re-protrusion and the grafts bone were healed at a mean 6 months according to X-ray. Conclusion THA with acetabular bone grafting and cementless component for protrusio acetabuli have acquired excellent results and prevented loosening and re-protrusio effectively.     

Time to Dislocation Analysis of Lumbar Spine Fusion Following Total Hip Arthroplasty: Breaking Up a Happy Home

Background

Although a history of lumbar spine fusion (LSF) is associated with increased dislocation risk following total hip arthroplasty (THA), the effect of LSF following THA is not well described. This study sought to describe the dislocation-free survival experience of patients with THA undergoing LSF, compare this to similar patients not undergoing LSF, and assess factors associated with dislocation risk following LSF.