骨质疏松症人群的运动建议

<正>什么是骨质疏松症?骨骼疾病有很多种,最常见的是骨质疏松症。骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是一种骨骼疾病,其特征是骨骼强度受损,易导致骨折风险增加。骨强度反映了骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和骨质量(bone quality)两个主要特征的结合,骨密     

骨质疏松症人群的运动建议

<正>什么是骨质疏松症?骨骼疾病有很多种,最常见的是骨质疏松症。骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)是一种骨骼疾病,其特征是骨骼强度受损,易导致骨折风险增加。骨强度反映了骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)和骨质量(bone quality)两个主要特征的结合,骨密     

老年性疾病诊治歌诀（一）——骨质疏松症

骨质疏松症是一种以低骨量和骨组织微结构破坏为特征,导致骨骼脆性增加和易发生骨折的全身病。     

上海市徐家汇街道65岁以上老年人双能X线骨密度测定及相关因素分析

目的 分析徐家汇街道社区老年人骨质疏松症的相关因素,为制定社区老年人骨质疏松症防治对策提供依据.方法 社区卫生服务中心与上海市第六人民医院骨质疏松症科合作,应用双能X线骨密度仪对参加本中心65岁以上老年人健康体检的342名老年人进行骨密度测定,按骨密度测定值分为正常对照组和骨量减少及骨质疏松症组,采用Logistic回归分析影响骨密度的相关因素.结果 在调查的342名老年人中,骨密度正常者占26.3％,骨量减少及骨质疏松症者占73.7％,女性骨质疏松症患病率显著高于男性,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.01）.多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄、性别、曾因轻微碰撞或跌倒伤到骨骼、身高较年轻时降低＞3 cm、经常腹泻和45岁前绝经者为骨质疏松症的主要影响因素.结论 女性、高龄、曾因轻微碰撞或跌倒伤到骨骼、身高较年轻时降低＞3cm、经常腹泻和45岁前绝经者是该社区老年人骨质疏松症患病的高危因素,提示应加强有该方面因素老年人骨质疏松症的防治工作.     

GE DPX-NT双能X线骨密度仪故障分析与维修

目前,骨密度检查已成为综合性医院的一项重要骨骼检查,其主要针对腰椎、股骨等骨骼的骨密度进行检查,用于确诊骨质疏松、骨质密度异常分布等疾病.双能X线吸收法是现阶段国际学术界公认的骨密度检查方法,该检查无创伤、微射线量,是诊断骨质疏松症的金标准 [1].双能X线骨密度仪是将两种不同能量的X线(高能X线和低能X线)通过人体,...     

原发性骨质疏松症的诊治

原发性骨质疏松症多见于绝经后妇女和老年男性,是一种以骨强度降低致使机体罹患骨折危险性增加为特征的骨骼系统疾病,骨强度包括骨密度和骨质量。目前全世界已有超过2亿人患有骨质疏松症,其发病率已跃居常见病、多发病的第6位。我国60岁以上老年人群中约80%患有不同程度的骨质疏松症。预计2010年将达到1.1亿人,2050年将超过2亿。骨质疏松症已成为全球性的公共卫生问题之一,每年的10月20日被定为"国际骨质疏松日"。     

健康人群I型胶原C端肽与超声骨密度的对照研究

骨质疏松症（OP）是一种以骨量减少、骨密度降低、骨组织微结构发生改变致骨骼脆性和骨折危险性增高为特征的全身性骨骼疾病。骨量减少的同时往往伴随着骨代谢生化标志物的变化,I型胶原C端肽（B—CTx）是目前使用最为广泛的胶原降解生化代谢标志物,其水平反映了破骨细胞骨吸收活性,是以破骨细胞活性显著增强为特点的代谢性骨病的有效生化标志物。     

骨质疏松性骨折防治与补充镁、锌、铜、锰

骨质疏松症是以骨强度下降、骨折风险增加为特征的骨骼系统疾病,其严重后果是骨质疏松性骨折,骨质疏松性骨折发病率高、治疗难度大、再次骨折概率大和死亡率高,其发生与骨强度下降有关,骨强度由骨密度和骨质量决定,骨密度由高度矿化的无机盐（钙、磷、镁等）组成,维生素D帮助钙吸收利用。骨质量主要由有机骨基质胶原纤维组成,胶原蛋白合成必需有微量元素参加,特别是铜、锰和锌。本文主要介绍镁、锌、铜、锰对骨质疏松症和骨质疏松性骨折防治的作用。     

廊坊市1128例正常人群指骨骨密度分析

骨质疏松症是全世界严重的公共卫生问题,骨密度(BMD)是诊断骨质疏松症以及评估骨质疏松症患者发生骨折危险性的可靠指标.流行病学研究证实,老年人的低骨量是骨质疏松症发生的重要因素,青年时期达到的骨量水平和进入中年期后骨量丢失的速率是决定老年人骨量的关键因素[1].为了解廊坊市正常人群骨密度的变化规律.为预防骨质疏松症、评估中老年营养膳食提供科学依据.笔者对廊坊市1128名正常人群进行了指骨骨密度检测.     

956例中老年居民膳食模式与骨密度水平的相关研究

目的 探讨不同膳食模式与中老年人骨密度水平的关系,为骨质疏松症的营养防控提供参考。方法 纳入乌鲁木齐市45岁及以上居民956人,用食物频率问卷进行膳食调查并用因子分析法提取膳食模式,使用超声骨密度仪测定骨密度,分析膳食模式与骨密度水平的关系。结果 本次调查获得4种膳食模式:相对均衡模式,油盐模式,奶类及薯类模式,水产类模式;人群骨质疏松症患病率21.7%;高水平相对均衡模式（OR = 0.588,95% CI = 0.363～0.951）和高水平奶类及薯类模式（OR = 0.668,95% CI = 0.370～0.983)与骨质疏松症低风险相关。结论 均衡饮食及高奶类与薯类的膳食模式摄入与较低的骨质疏松患病率有关;建议中老年居民应均衡膳食,多摄入奶制品及薯类,保护骨骼健康。     

类胡萝卜素与骨密度关系的观察性研究进展

随着人类寿命延长和老龄化社会的到来,骨健康越来越受到人们的关注。骨密度作为衡量骨健康的主要指标,受不可控因素与可控因素的影响,而营养是重要的可控因素。近年来植物化学物与骨健康的关系逐渐引起人们重视。本文按不同国家和地区对类胡萝卜素与骨密度的观察性研究进行总结,旨在为骨质疏松的防治提供新的视角。     

Calcium from plant sources is beneficial to lowering the risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal Korean women

Osteoporosis, which has become a serious public health concern, is influenced by diet, especially calcium intake. Dairy products are a good source of calcium, but plant calcium may also be important in populations that do not consume a large amount of milk. The purpose of the present study was to examine the hypothesis that calcium from vegetable sources is associated with osteoporosis risk and bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women with osteoporosis and age-matched controls (N = 144). The results of multivariate-adjusted regression analyses indicated that the intake of calcium, plant calcium, potassium, vitamin A, carotene, vitamin B₁, niacin, vitamin E, vitamin C, and vegetables was associated with significantly reduced risk of osteoporosis after adjusting for age, body mass index, hormone replacement therapy, and energy intake. In addition, intake of vegetables alone, as well as calcium, plant calcium, potassium, and antioxidant vitamins (vitamin C, vitamin E, β-carotene), which are abundant in vegetables, was significantly and positively associated with bone mineral density. However, in this population of low-dairy consumers, intake of calcium from meat and dairy products was not related to risk of osteoporosis and bone mineral density. Our results suggest that high dietary intake of calcium, especially plant calcium, reduces the risk of osteoporosis and increased bone mineral density in postmenopausal Korean women. Vegetables may be an important source of calcium and may also provide vitamins and minerals that exert additional beneficial effects on the bone.     

上海市某社区老年人骨质疏松知晓情况及危险因素分析*

目的探讨社区老年人骨质疏松的知晓情况及相关危险因素,为社区骨质疏松防治提供依据。方法采用随机抽样的方法,再通过问卷、体测及骨密度检测的方式进行调查,分析调查居民的基本特征、知晓情况、体征指标及骨密度值。结果共计完成调查334人,在不同性别及文化程度方面骨密度值有统计学差异(P0.05);另外通过logistic回归分析显示:年龄、日晒情况是骨质疏松的影响因素。结论针对60岁以上居民一方面需要加大宣传教育,提高对骨质疏松的知晓率;另一方面,有必要针对不同特征的老年人提供不同的预防保健措施,以降低骨质疏松所带来的危害。     

定量超声骨密度测定诊断老年性骨质疏松的临床价值

目的探讨定量超声骨密度测定诊断老年性骨质疏松的临床价值。方法从我院近两年收治的骨质疏松症患者中随机抽取90例患者作为对象进行研究,患者均接受定量超声骨密度测定诊断,观察诊断结果。结果随着年龄增加,患者超声波传导速度(SOS)、超声波振幅衰减(BUA)及硬度指数(QUI)水平相应下降,不同年龄段患者水平比较存在显著差异(p<0.05);患者QUI下降程度明显大于SOS、BUA(p<0.05)。结论定量超声骨密度测定老年性骨质疏松价值显著,能够作为老年性骨质疏松早期诊断的方法。     

Effect of a nutritional supplementation on bone health in Chilean elderly subjects with femoral osteoporosis

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of a special nutritional supplement on bone mineral density and bone turnover markers in Chilean elderly subjects with femoral osteoporosis. SETTING: Public primary health care clinics in Chile. SUBJECTS: Free living elderly subjects with femoral osteoporosis. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects were randomized to receive the usual nutritional supplement provided by the Chilean Ministry of Health or a special nutritional supplement providing, among other nutrients, 90 mg isoflavones, 800 mg calcium, 400 IU vitamin D, 60 ug vitamin K and 31 g proteins per day. MEASURES OF OUTCOME: At baseline, and after six and twelve months of supplementation, body composition, bone mineral density, serum 25 OH vitamin D, intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), osteocalcin, decarboxylated osteocalcin, urinary aminoterminal telopeptide of type I collagen (NTX), deoxypyridoline cross links (Dpd) and equol were measured. Every month, urinary daidzein was measured in a morning urine sample. RESULTS: No differences between treatment groups were observed in body composition or bone mineral density changes. The group receiving the special supplement had a significant increase in serum 25 OH vitamin D and a significant decrease in serum iPTH and decarboxylated osteocalcin. No association between daidzein or equol excretion and changes in bone mineralization was observed. CONCLUSIONS: A special supplement delivered to elderly subjects with osteoporosis improved serum vitamin D and reduced serum iPTH and undercarboxylated osteocalcin levels but did not affect BMD.     

Bone disease in female athletes

Regular exercise and physical activity have many health benefits for both females and males. In particular, weight-bearing exercise has a protective effect on the skeleton, and can even be osteogenic (stimulating to bone formation). However, achievement of optimal bone mineral density and regulation of bone maintenance depend upon a combination of mechanical, hormonal and dietary factors. Adequate hormonal status (oestrogen and progesterone), and sufficient nutrition (calcium, protein, and other bone-building materials) are essential. For young women with components of the Female Athlete Triad (such as disordered eating, amenorrhea and other forms of menstrual dysfunction), one or more of these may be lacking, and decreased bone density can result. With an effort to maximize peak bone mineral density in the young athlete and to preserve or restore gonadal function during the reproductive years, the complications of altered bone mineral density and frank osteoporosis can be avoided.     

对职业性尘肺患者继发骨质疏松护理干预的效果观察

目的探讨职业性尘肺患者继发骨质疏松症补钙加护理干预效果。方法在对职业性尘肺患者常规治疗,给予钙尔奇D 800 mg/日的基础上,对患者予以健康教育、氧疗、加强呼吸肌力训练、肌肉锻炼、戒烟和改善营养等措施进行护理干预,同时采用双能X线骨密度仪,分别测定腰椎、髋部骨密度变化,观察补钙加护理干预效果。结果①职业性尘肺患者腰椎和髋部BMD含量较对照组显著减低(p<0.01);补钙加护理干预后职业性尘肺患者腰椎和髋部双能X线骨密度变化较护理干预前显著提高(p<0.01)。②干预后职业性尘肺患者较干预前骨质疏松症防治相关知识知晓、低氧血症、缺乏运动、吸烟、营养不良改善情况明显好转(p=0.000),差异有统计学意义。结论在积极治疗职业性尘肺和补钙的同时,加强对职业性尘肺患者护理干预,对延缓和减轻职业性尘肺患者骨质疏松的发展有一定的临床意义。     

Exercise interventions: defusing the world's osteoporosis time bomb

Osteoporosis is a major public health problem, affecting millions of people worldwide. The associated health care costs are growing in parallel with increases in elderly populations, and it is expected that the number of osteoporotic fractures will double over the next 50 years. The best way to address osteoporosis is prevention. Some interventions to maximize and preserve bone mass have multiple health benefits and are cost-effective. For example, modifications to diet and lifestyle can help to prevent osteoporosis, and could potentially lead to a significant decrease in fracture rates; and exercise is a valuable adjunct to programmes aimed at alleviating the risks and symptoms of osteoporosis. Practising exercise at a young age helps maximize the mineral density of bones while they are still growing and maturing, and continuing to excercise minimizes bone loss later in life. Not only does exercise improve bone health, it also increases muscle strength, coordination, balance, flexibility and leads to better overall health. Walking, aerobic exercise, and t'ai chi are the best forms of exercise to stimulate bone formation and strengthen the muscles that help support bones. Encouraging physical activity at all ages is therefore a top priority to prevent osteoporosis.     

成都市中老年人指骨骨密度现况调查及影响因素分析

目的 了解成都市中老年人骨密度水平现状,并分析其影响因素.方法 随机抽样选取四川省人民医院体检中心健康体检人群共1954例.采用问卷调查收集人口学资料、慢性病史、饮食、运动等情况,现场测量指骨骨密度.结果 随着年龄增长,骨密度水平明显下降,且同年龄段的女性骨密度水平低于男性(P<0.05).男性年龄>65岁、女性年龄>...