吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术对直肠上动脉血流影响的临床研究

目的 探讨吻合器痔上黏膜环形切除术(PPH)对直肠上动脉供血的影响。方法 对1O例Ⅲ、Ⅳ度痔息，在行PPH手术前、后用直肠腔内彩色多普勒超声测量其直肠上动脉分支血流速度的变化；同时用肛门镜检查痔核大小及出血情况。术中检查吻合口有无出血，并切除标本行病理检查。结果 全组患术后痔核明显缩小，出血停止。1O例患中。4例直肠上动脉分支位于黏膜下2mm以内的患手术后1个月复查，其血流基本消失；6例直肠上动脉分支位于黏膜下2—4mm之间的息血流速度无明显变化。病理检查标本未见肌肉及痔组织。4例直肠上动脉分支位于黏膜下2mm内的患近直肠切缘有血管，而位于2—4mm之间的6例患近直肠切缘无血管。结论 PPH手术对位于黏膜下2mm以内的直肠上动脉分支可起到阻断作用，而对超过黏膜下2mm的直肠上动脉分支无作用。PPH手术并不完全依靠阻断痔的动脉血流而起效。     

PPH对直肠上动脉血流影响的临床研究

为探讨痔上黏膜环切吻合术（PPH）对直肠上动脉（SRA）血流的影响,选取拟行PPH治疗的60例内痔患者进行研究（PPH组）,分别于术前及术后4周、12周进行直肠腔内彩色超声多普勒检查,评估SRA终末分支的口径（AC）及血流速度（AFV）的变化;同时选择20名健康体检者（对照组）进行对照观察。结果显示,60例行PPH治疗者全部治愈。PPH组术前及术后4周、12周SRA终末分支Ac中值分别为1．1mm、1．0mm和1．0mm,AFV中值分别为18．0cm／s、17．0cm／s和18．0cm／s;对照组SRA终末分支AC中值为1．0mm,AFV中值为16．0cm／s。PPH组手术前、后SRA终末分支AC和AFV比较差异均无统计学意义,P〉0．05;PPH组与对照组比较差异亦无统计学意义,P〉0．05。结果表明,PPH既不能改善SRA终末分支AC,也不能减慢AFV,不能使供应肛垫组织的SRA终末分支血供明显减少。     

经直肠彩色多普勒对动脉栓塞治疗 良性前列腺增生的疗效评价

目的探讨经直肠彩色多普勒超声在动脉栓塞治疗良性前列腺增生疗效评价中的价值。方法对16例良性前列腺增生患者行前列腺动脉栓塞治疗,分别于术前及术后7天～6个月用彩色多普勒超声观察前列腺体积、腺体回声、血供及各血流参数变化情况。结果经直肠彩色多普勒显示术前前列腺体积明显增大,前列腺内血流速度加快,血流信号丰富。术后7天～6个月观测腺体体积较术前缩小,血供减少,血流参数各项监测值术前术后比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论经直肠彩色多普勒超声,对评价动脉栓塞治疗良性前列腺增生的疗效具有重要价值。     

彩色多普勒超声在穿支皮瓣术前定位中的应用

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声在穿支皮瓣术前定位中的应用价值。方法对64例行穿支皮瓣修复术患者,应用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪对皮瓣供区探查,重点记录穿支血管的体表定位、口径、血流信息,并通过分析比较以上信息,选择优势穿支,为术前皮瓣设计、术中对皮瓣解剖提供指导。结果 64例患者的动脉穿支从主干发出部位及其走行于超声下均可显示,选择其中条件良好的优势穿支平均口径0.5 mm,血流峰速平均约16.4 cm/s,阻力指数平均0.7。术中探查所见优势穿支与术前超声检查结果吻合率为92.19%(59/64),超声定位的穿支血管采用率为96.88%(62/64)。结论彩色多普勒超声可准确指导穿支皮瓣的术前选择、皮瓣设计以及辅助手术方案的制定。     

PPH治疗重度痔病

PPH(Procedure for Prolapse and Hemorrhoids，PPH)手术，又称吻合器痔切除术，痔上黏膜环切除．肛垫悬吊术等。在国外于1993年开始在临床应用，1998年意大利学者Longo首先报道，2000年6月由新加坡学者肖俊介绍至上海，随后在国内得到迅速而广泛的推广和开展，至今手术例数已过万例。该手术的实质是通过特制的吻合器，在严重脱垂的痔的上方环形切除一定宽度的直肠下端黏膜和黏膜下层组织(原则上不切除痔核。但对于痔核大，严重脱垂的环形痔，可以同时切除痔的上半部分以达到减少肛垫体积的目的)，同时对远近端黏膜进行吻合，使脱垂的肛垫或内痔被向上悬吊和牵拉，不再脱垂。由于手术同时切断位于黏膜下层，供给痔的直肠上动脉和直肠中动脉分支。使术后痔的血供减少，痔核在术后2周左右逐渐萎缩。     

吻合器痔手术对肛肠生理影响的研究

痔是常见的肛肠疾病，经肛门镜下吻合器痔切除术(PPH)具有手术后疼痛轻、创面愈合快、并发症少等优点。我们通过手术前后分别测量患者直肠上动脉血供、肛管压力、肛管温度觉的变化，来了解PPH手术对肛肠生理的影响。     

彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后11例血管并发症的诊断

目的评价彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断意义。方法回顾性分析和总结11例肝移植术后血管并发症的彩色多普勒超声检查资料,检测指标包括肝动脉及左右分支的峰值速度、阻力指数、加速度及加速时间,门静脉平均流速。结果5例经手术或造影证实为动脉并发症(血栓形成2例,肝动脉狭窄2例,肝动脉痉挛1例),彩色多普勒超声表现有肝动脉狭窄处的高速高阻血流并伴有湍流,而狭窄远端肝内动脉峰值速度<40cm/s,阻力指数<0.5,加速时间>0.08s,加速度<300cm/s2,2例肝动脉血栓形成肝门部无动脉血流信号;6例为门静脉并发症(3例门静脉狭窄,3例门静脉血栓形成)。结论彩色多普勒超声对肝移植术后血管并发症的诊断具有重要的指导意义。     

高分辨率超声检测技术在轴型皮瓣设计中的应用

目的：评价高分辨率超声捡测技术在轴型皮瓣移植术前检测供区血管中的应用，了解轴型皮瓣的血供分布状况。方法：采用Acuson sequoia 512彩色超声检测仪彩色多普勒血流成像(CDFI)及彩色多普勒能量图(CDE)技术对15例轴型皮瓣内深部动脉干及其肌皮穿支动脉血管的数目、内径、走行方向及分布范围进行检测，进一步做出血流动力学定量分析。结果：彩色多普勒超声对15例拟行移植皮瓣的供皮瓣区动脉血管所作的超声影像和血流动力学检测，检出供区皮瓣内深部动脉干15条，肌皮穿支动脉49条，均与临床手术中检查动脉的内径、长度及其分布范围的情况相符，上述供区轴型皮瓣深部动脉干及肌皮动脉穿支检出率为100％．未见血管变异及缺如现象通过彩色多普勒超声血流显像仪和脉冲多普勒血流频谱图，测得下列各项血流参数：收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)，舒张末期血流速度(Vmin)，平均血流速度(Vmean)，阻力指数(RI)，每分血流量(CQ)。结论：高分辨率超声这一直观、无创性检测方法可以为术前正确选用轴型皮瓣类型，合理进行手术设计，以及准确评价轴型皮瓣供区血管状况提供科学依据。     

开环式微创痔吻合器治疗重度脱垂痔的临床研究

【摘要】 目的 采用开环式微创痔吻合器(TST)治疗重度脱垂痔的临床疗效。方法 将58例Ⅲ期-Ⅳ期混合痔及内痔患者实施TST手术与痔上黏膜环形切除吻合术(PPH)60例进行手术疗效进行比较分析。结果 TST方法较PPH有更少的术中出血(P<0.05);视觉模拟疼痛评分法(VAPS)显示TST组和PPH组分别为1~3分和4~6分,两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后两组肛管静息压及直肠静息压无明显差异(P>0.05),达到手术的疗效标准。术后随访6个月,没有肛门狭窄及肛门直肠吻合口感染或肛周脓肿发生,未见痔核脱垂及其它病理征候。结论 TST治疗重度混合痔总体效果与PPH相当,具有安全、疗效可靠及低并发症,但有更少出血。     

超声多普勒引导下的痔动脉结扎治疗痔病进展

20世纪KapullerLL．ThulesiusO等人就对痔动脉血流和动静脉吻合在痔病的发生机制中的作用进行了研究,而GalkinEV等人利用此理论从1994年开始陆续报道应用x线下直肠上动脉远端分支高选择性血管栓塞术治疗痔病,     

复合动脉重建术治疗下肢动脉缺血症：附21例报告

目的：探讨下肢动脉缺血症复合动脉重建术的治疗经验。方法：全组２１例通过多普勒血流仪检测和动脉造影，确定动脉病变范围。复合近远端动脉重建１９例，股－胫后动脉旁路转流２例。结果：术后病死率４８％，截肢率９５％。术后１个月，病人静息痛缓解，肢端溃疡愈合，踝臂指数平均值０９５。平均随访２４４个月，近端动脉重建通畅率１００％，远端动脉重建通畅率８２４％，平均踝臂指数值０８５。结论：复合动脉重建术治疗下肢动脉缺血闭塞症是安全而有效的。手术成功的关键在于重建动脉流入及流出道的通畅     

静脉动脉化治疗下肢动脉闭塞症16例报告

应用分期或一期静脉动脉化手术治疗下肢动脉闭塞症。远端无理想流出道１６例、１８条肢体。随访８～４３个月，大部分病人疗效良好。认为术前的动脉造影能显示病变部位与程度，为选择术式提供了依据。一期术式与分期术式相比，有见效快，不需二期手术的优点。还对术式选择与手术并发症进行了探讨     

Effect of systemic arterial pressure on erectile dysfunction in the initial stages of chronic arterial insufficiency

Study Type – Prognosis (case series)
Level of Evidence 4

OBJECTIVE

To report the effect of systemic arterial pressure on erectile dysfunction (ED) in patients in the initial stages of peripheral arterial disease.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

All patients with a diagnosis of ED in the urology outpatient clinic of the Medicine School in São José do Rio Preto, Brazil were evaluated in a cross‐sectional, quantitative study. The patients were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function, the ankle‐brachial index, and measurement of arterial blood pressure. Binary logistic regression, log‐likelihood, Pearson chi‐square and likelihood ratio chi‐square and Kruskal–Wallis Test were used for statistical analysis with P < 0.05 being considered acceptable. Fifty‐two patients (mean age 56.63 years) were enrolled in the study.

RESULTS

Differences were detected between the median grades of ED of patients with differing degrees of chronic arterial insufficiency. Hypertensive patients in the initial stages of peripheral arterial disease had less severe grades of ED than normotensive patients.

CONCLUSIONS

The progression of ED parallels the development of chronic arterial insufficiency. Systemic arterial hypertension in the initial stages of peripheral arterial disease might protect against ED, but peripheral arterial disease constitutes an aggravating factor for ED, and thus hypertension might exert a paradoxical effect in this stage of the disease.     

67例腹及胸腹主动脉瘤人工血管移植术的诊疗体会

１９８６～１９９７年间收治的腹及胸腹主动脉瘤６７例。其中胸腹主动脉瘤８例，腹主动脉瘤５９例。采用真丝人工血管吻合６例，涤纶人工血管３９例，ｅ－ＰＴＦＥ（膨体聚四氟乙烯人工血管）２２例。重点讨论了破裂性、炎症性、感染性动脉瘤和肾动脉领域的腹主动脉瘤的诊疗以及人工血管应用等问题。还讨论了真丝、涤纶和ｅ－ＰＴＦＥ的应用问题。详尽阐述了改进人工血管表面与血液相容性、表面的伪饰、表面引入生物活性物质和人工血管向器官样发展等问题。     

Characteristics and risk factors of intrarenal arterial lesions in patients with IgA nephropathy.

BACKGROUND: Although the clinical importance of immunoglobulin-A nephropathy (IgAN) is widely recognized, the characteristics of intrarenal arterial lesions in this disease and the main factors associated with them have not been studied extensively, and a large-scale analysis of intrarenal arterial lesions in IgAN has not been performed. METHODS: To clarify these issues, we investigated the prevalence, underlying factors and significance of intrarenal arterial lesions in 1005 patients with IgAN. We distinguished different degrees of severity of small artery and arteriolar lesions (mild, moderate and severe), using a semi-quantitative scoring system. We compared the arterial lesions of IgAN patients with those of 627 non-IgAN patients, who had mesangial proliferating glomerulonephritis without IgA deposits, and of 221 patients with membranous nephropathy (MN). RESULTS: The IgAN patients with arterial lesions were significantly younger than the non-IgAN and MN patients (mean ages 34.6 vs 40.4 and 47.7 years, respectively). The prevalence of intrarenal small artery and arteriolar lesions was 54.6% in IgAN patients, compared with 26.6 and 47.1% in non-IgAN and MN patients, respectively; the percentages of moderate/severe arterial lesions were 37.0 vs 21.6 and 23.1%, respectively; and the percentages of hyaline changes were 43.7 vs 16.8 and 21.2%, respectively. The differences in the prevalence of lesions between IgAN patients and the two other groups were statistically significant for all three parameters. Our search for possible relationships between arterial-arteriolar lesions and various indirect outcome markers disclosed significant associations with hypertension, higher serum creatinine and uric acid, high urinary protein excretion, glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Furthermore, these parameters were changed more markedly in IgAN patients with moderate/severe arterial lesions and hyaline changes than in IgAN patients who had mild arterial lesions and wall thickening alone. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of small intrarenal arterial-arteriolar lesions was higher in IgAN patients than in non-IgAN and MN patients; moreover, the lesions in IgAN patients were associated with younger age, were more severe and exhibited a higher degree of hyaline changes. Finally, the severity of small arterial- arteriolar lesions was linked to several markers of adverse outcome.     

The Arterial Supply of the Odontoid Process of the Axis

Background and purpose — Knowledge of physical activity profiles among patients with hip dysplasia is lacking. We investigated whether patients with hip dysplasia change physical activity profile from before to 1 year after periacetabular osteotomy. Furthermore, we investigated associations between change in accelerometer-based physical activity and change in self-reported participation in preferred physical activities (PA).

Patients and methods — Physical activity was objectively measured at very low to high intensity levels with accelerometer-based sensors. Subjectively, PA was recorded with Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in 77 patients. Associations between the 2 were analyzed with simple linear regression analyses.

Results — Changes in accelerometer-based physical activity ranged from –2.2 to 4.0% points at all intensity levels from baseline to 1-year follow-up. These changes represent very small effect sizes (–0.16 to 0.14). In contrast, self-reported PA showed a statistically and clinically relevant increase of 22 (CI 14–29) HAGOS PA points 1 year post-surgery. Associations between change in accelerometer-based physical activity and change in self-reported PA were, however, not statistically significant and correspond to a percentage change in physical activity of only –0.87% to 0.65% for a change of 10 HAGOS PA points.

Interpretation — Patients with hip dysplasia do not seem to change physical activity profile 1 year post-surgery if measured with objective accelerometer-based sensors. This is interesting as self-reported PA indicates that patients’ ability to participate in physical activity increases, suggesting that this increased self-reported participatory capacity is not manifested as increased objectively measured physical activity.     

The Arterial Supply of the Odontoid Process of the Axis

A study has been carried out of the arterial supply of the odontoid process of the axis. Among the arterial sources there are paired anterior and posterior ascending arteries arising from the vertebral artery. Arteries penetrate into the odontoid process at its base from both the anterior and posterior ascending arteries. A transverse arterial arcade is formed above its top by the anastomosing anterior and posterior ascending arteries. In this investigation it was demonstrated that a branch of the ascending pharyngeal artery (from the external carotid artery) joined this arcade after passing through the canalis hypoglossi of the occipital condyle. Moreover, there were inferior and superior horizontal arteries apparently coming from the internal carotid artery, which supplied the odontoid process. It was shown that the superior horizontal arteries penetrated the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane and ran across to the supraodontoid arterial arcade. There were also arteries which reached into the odontoid process via the accessory and apical ligaments. Vessels described—but not demonstrated—to reach the odontoid process via the alar ligaments could not be observed in this investigation. It was shown that inside the odontoid process the arteries formed a rich anastomosing network. The odontoid process of the axis is thus in the centre of a dense arterial network.     

THE MARTIN TITAN LINE ARTERIAL CLAMP A NEW LIGHTWEIGHT ALTERNATIVE

When haemostatic clamps are applied, evidence of injury at the site of clamp application may be seen when the clamp is removed. Rarely, the intima may be disrupted. When a new arterial clamp became available, a study was designed to compare the Martin Titanline arterial clamp (13–143–35, curved arterial clamp) with several other arterial clamps already in use. The Martin clamp is a modified pivot-point, preset-tension, spring-controlled arterial clamp. The closing pressures of several clamps were measured objectively. The injury produced when the clamps were applied to occlude the blood flow on the carotid artery of a dog was assessed by histological study of the excised segments of the arterial wall. Histological cross-sections were prepared from canine carofid artery which had been perfused for 1 h after the clamp had been applied for I h. Histological evidence of injury was limited to disruption of the intimal layer and compression of the medial layer. No significant difference between the amount of damage caused by the DeBakey, Satinsky or Martin clamp was identified. When compared to the other varieties of clamp listed above, the Martin clamp had a significantly lower closing pressure (304 g) compared with 580g (Bulldog), 580g (Satinsky), and 686g (DeBakey). The Martin clamp was easier to apply, did not obstruct the operative field as readily and had good clamp-retention characteristics throughout the procedure.     

脾动脉栓塞后脾亢复发再行脾切除术12例报告

目的 探讨脾动脉栓塞术的效果以及脾动脉栓塞术后脾切除的手术方法及经验.方法 对2001年1月至2008年12月51例脾动脉栓塞术后12例脾亢复发再行脾切除进行回顾总结.结果 12例脾切除均获得成功,手术时间90～240 min,平均输血810ml,1例术后胰漏,引流4周后治愈,1例术后14个月发生上消化道出血行肠腔分流.结论 脾动脉栓塞应严格掌握适应证,栓塞术后再行脾切除术难度大.     

Catheterization of the radial or brachial artery in neonates and infants

Background : In neonates and small children, percutaneous insertion of arterial catheters may be very difficult because of the small diameter of the arteries. Multiple attempts at cannulation are common and may be a predictor of serious adverse events following arterial cannulation. As an endartery, the brachial artery is usually not recommended for cannulation. However, limited data exist about brachial artery catheterization in neonates and young children. In this retrospective study, we report our experience with arterial indwelling catheters placed in neonates and small children prior to surgery for congenital heart defects. Methods : We reviewed 1473 patient medical files containing information about 1574 arterial lines for perioperative and intensive care monitoring. Patient data (age and weight), cannulation characteristics (site, type, percutaneous or cut down insertion), duration of catheterization and complications were documented using the anesthesia and/or intensive care unit files. Patients were divided into three groups according to body weight. Group I: patients with a bodyweight up to 5 kg (n = 561), group II: bodyweight 5–10 kg (n = 615), and group III: bodyweight 10–20 kg (n = 297). Results : The vast majority of our patients had radial or brachial artery catheterization. In group 1, we placed 200 brachial artery lines. Radial artery insertion was more successful with increasing body weight. Two ‘cut downs’ were necessary to place the arterial cannula (0.3%). The mean duration of the arterial cannula in place was 5.8 + 4.3 days in group I, which was significantly longer than in group III (2.9 + 2.2 days). Multiple attempts at catheter insertion were required for 200 patients in group I (P < 0.05 compared with groups II and III). The number of guide wires used was similar in all study groups. Generally, we preferred 24 and 22 G catheters for cannulation. Serious complications such as permanent ischemic damage were not observed. Temporary occlusion of an artery occurred in five of 1473 patients. The rate of local infection was 0.5% in group I, 0.7% in group II and 2.3% in group III. Local hematoma were observed more frequently, but with no relevant consequences. Most of our patients were cannulated on the right side. In group I, 112 brachial artery catheters were placed. The greater the weight, the more radial catheters were used compared with a brachial approach. The mean functional time of the catheters (5.8 ± 4.3 days in group I) was significant shorter compared with patients from group III (2.9 ± 2.2 days). In 33.3% (n = 200) multiple punctures were needed to place a catheter in group I (P < 0.05 compared with the other groups) whereas the use of a guide wire was evenly distributed throughout the study groups. Small catheters (24 and 22 G) were preferred for most patients. In total only eight 20 G sized catheters were used in the children of group III. Conclusions : Even considering the nature of a retrospective study design, we conclude that the brachial artery could be considered for cannulation in neonates and small children.