锗化合物在食品及医药中的应用研究 1.Ge—201、Ge—202对胃肠平滑肌的作用

低浓度Ge-201、Ge-202(浴槽药物浓度分别为6.65×10~(-5)～7.89×10~(-4)、7.13×10~(-4)～2.14×10~(-3))对离体兔空肠肌的节律性运动有兴奋作用,使肠肌收缩幅度增大,且能对抗肾上腺素引起的肠抑制。高浓度的Ge-201、Ge-202(浴槽药物浓度分别为7.69×10~(-4)、2.14×10~(-3)以上)对离体兔空肠肌的节律性运动有抑制作用。其肠肌兴奋作用是通过兴奋H_1受体产生的。给小鼠2％、5％Ge—201以及10.7％Ge—202灌胃,墨汁移动率与对照组比较有非常显著差异(P<0.001),表明Ge-201、Ge-202可增强小鼠胃肠推进性运动。     

粘度法测定水溶液中裂褶多糖分子量

通过对Takashi试验数据的分析和计算,完善了粘度法测定裂褶多糖(SPG)分子量的Mark-Hou-wink公式,即在25℃的SPG水溶液中,当[η]≤445 cm-3/g时,[η]=5.19×10-7M1w.59。根据Ah-Hyun用扫描电镜(SEM)和原子力显微镜(AFM)获得SPG结构的最新数据,结合Yamakawa推导的[η]-M模型对公式进行分析。通过模型计算、粘度公式计算和凝胶过滤色谱(GPC)获得的SPG的重均分子量(Mw)分别为3.7×105、5.8×105、2.5×107,其中采用理论模型和粘度公式计算的结果较一致,而GPC测试的结果相差较大的原因可能与样品和标准分子量范围不同有关。IR和13C-NMR的数据表明该多糖具有-β(1-6)葡萄糖苷分支的-β(1-3)-D葡聚糖结构。     

人纤维蛋白降解产物D-双聚体和E片段的纯化和鉴定

D-双聚体和E片段均为交联型纤维蛋白的降解产物。根据它们的等电点的不同,建立了等电聚焦法纯化D-双聚体和E片段的方法。纯化的D-双聚体分子量约3.32×10~(-22)kg,含γ-γ双聚体片段(分子量1.36×10~(-22)kg)、β链片段(分子量7.30×10~(-23)kg)和α链片段(分子量2.49×10~(-23)kg)。Western Blot结果表明它可被抗D-双聚体单克隆抗体(McAb)识别。纯化的D-双聚体用ELISA检测,证实不含有E片段。纯化的E片段分子量约7.47×10~(-23)kg,还原后形成α链片段(分子量约1.03×10~(-23)kg)、β链片段(分子量6.14×10~(-24)kg)和γ链片段(分子量1.49×10~(-23)kg)3条肽链,可与抗E片段McAb进行免疫学反应。     

SRSV/3T3和NIH/3T3细胞膜的分离和蛋白质组分的初步比较

应用甘油低渗两相分配法分离了SRSV/3T3细胞质膜(SM)和NIH/3T3细胞质膜(NM)。经Na~+、K~+-ATP酶和葡萄糖-6-磷酸酶等标志酶活性鉴定,表明SM和NM纯度较高。经SDS-PAGE分析比较,发现SM和NM的蛋白质组分有较明显差异。SM有7种独特的组分,分子量分别为2.29×10~(-22)、2.18×10~(-22)、9.79×10~(-23)、9.60×10~(-23)、8.63×10~(-23)、5.49×10~(-23)和4.78×10~(-23)kg。NM有两种特有的组分(1.15×10~(-22)和4.17×10~(-23)kg)。在彼此共有的蛋白质组分中,也有许多组分在含量和电泳迁移速度上存在着程度不同的区别。     

聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚四亚甲基醚多嵌段共聚物的Mark-Houwink-Sakurada方程

本文采用了四氯乙烷-甲醇和三氯乙烯-庚烷两组具有不同溶解性能的分级体系,利用交叉分级方法对聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯-聚四亚甲基醚多嵌段共聚物(PET-PTMG)进行分级。测定了各级分的数均分子量,在氯仿溶剂中,30℃时的特性粘数以及分子量多分散系数(M_W/M_n)。结果表明,在PET含量由14.4%—26.0%,数均分子量由1×10~4—1×10~5范围内,PET-PTMG可近似用一个MHS方程表征特性粘数与分子量关系。[η]=4.60×10~(-2)M_η~(0.09)试样的数均分子量M_n可由下式计算[η]=4.60×10~(-2)(M_W/M_n~(0.58)M_n~(0.69)在订定MHS方程时,考虑了级分试样的分子量多分散性修正。     

聚苯醚砜在二甲基甲酰胺中稀溶液性质的研究(Ⅱ)

本文用广角及准弹性光散射法测定了聚苯醚砜各级分在DMF中和在θ溶剂中25℃时的均才半径R_G,第二维利系数A_2,流体力学半经R_H,扩散系数D_O,扩散系数的浓度依赖性k_F以及这些参数与分子量M的关系。它们的结果如下R_G=0.031MO~(0.55) D_O(θ)=0.906×10~(-4)M~(0.5) D_0=1.445×10~(-4)M~(0.55)A_2=0.033M~(-0.35) k_D(θ)=0.5M~(0.34) k_D=2.3×10~(-6)M~(1.36)α_H=R_H/R_H(θ)=0.63M~(0.05)R_H(θ)=0.0299M~(0.5)R_H=0.0188M~(0.55) 作者讨论了静态与动态两种高分子尺寸之间的关系;三种溶胀因子α_η和、α_H、α_G之间的关系;以及摩擦系数的浓度系数k_F与流体力学体积V_H之间的关系。它们的结果满足下面各关系式: R_H/R_G=[π(v+1)(2v+1)/3]~(1/2)(2-v)(1-v)/2, α_η~3=α_(G)~2α_H, k_F=1.2A_2M+N_AV_H/M,K_F(θ)=N_AV_H/M     

灭吐灵抗实验性心律失常作用的研究

本文结果表明,灭吐灵能明显提高乌头碱致大白鼠心律失常的用量。灭吐灵能产生浓度依赖性的负性肌力作用,并使动作电位零相上升的最大速率(dV/dt_(ma) X)降低,半效抑制浓度(IC_(50))分别为4.22×10~(-5)M和5.31×10~(-5)M。灭吐灵(10~(-6)M～3×10~(-5)M)不影响动作电位幅度(APA)、动作电位复极20％及90％时的时程(APD_(20)、APD_(90))。高浓度时(10~(-4)M)才降低APA,缩短APD_(20)、APD_(90)。灭吐灵不影响静息电位(RP)。除dV/dt_(max)外,多巴胺(3×10~(-6)M)能逆转灭吐灵(10~(-4)M)的全部效应。     

人血清蛋白与两种天然抗癌有效成分的相互作用

本文应用平衡透析法在pH7.4,振动频率为140～160次/min,25℃恒温条件下,研究了喜树碱和秋水仙碱两种天然抗癌有效成分与人血清蛋白的相互作用.实验结果表明,喜树碱和秋水仙碱均能透过Viskisg纤维素膜.秋水仙碱与人血清蛋白二者的浓度均为1×10~(-5)～5×10~(-5)mol/L时,其结合率几乎为零,而喜树碱与人血清蛋白则有较强的结合力;当喜树碱的浓度为1×10~(-5)～2×10~(-5)mol/L,人血清蛋白浓度条5×10~(-6)～1×10~(-4)mol/L时,结合常数为9.58×10~4mol~(-1),并且喜树碱在人血清蛋白分子上有唯一的结合部位,经荧光光法测知,该结合部位在人血清蛋白分子的U部位.     

股骨体曲度的测量

本文对171例股骨体的曲率进行了测量,结果:左8.40×10~(-3)±2.60×10~(-4)cm~(-1),右7.87×10~(-3)±2.67×10~(-4)cm~(-1)。并对股骨长与其曲率进行了比较,提示身高与股骨体曲率之间没有显著差异。     

连续顶空气相色谱法测定微生物活性研究

以大肠杆菌(E.coli)为实验菌种,CO_2为测定指标.10~(?)个/ml菌液浓度的萄葡糖肉汤培养液。在顶空分析瓶中38℃培养。每隔1h顶空气相色谱法(HS-GC)测定CO_2,CO_2随时间变化相关曲线:Y=a+bx+cx~2;(r>0.98)。对4次测定曲线方程作统计分析,差异无显著性(P>0.05).CO_2检出限为2mmol/L。重金属对E.coli生长有抑制作用,其影响顺序为As_2O_3>CdCh_2>Fb(Ac))_2,阈浓度分别为3.10×10~(-5)mol/L、1.6×10~(-4)mol/L、1.33×10~(-3)mol/L。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.