白芨复合物预防腹腔术后粘连的实验研究

目的 预防腹腔术后粘连。方法 用白芨复合物通过对６０只家兔盲肠部分切除术实验动物模型创面进行活体喷涂。结果 白芨复合物预防腹腔术后粘连效果良好。总有效率８２．２％,与对照组比较有非常显著差异。结论白芨复合物预防腹腔术后粘连有效,且方法简便,易行,从而可为外科领域提供高效,廉价的术中抗粘连药物．     

几丁糖膜预防术后粘连的研究进展

几丁糖为多糖类化合物,具有无毒性、组织相容性、生物降解性、理化性状稳定等特性,是一种生物学性状优良、极具发展潜力的植人材料.有关几丁糖膜预防术后粘连的基础研究较多,但国内还未形成正式的产品.本文就几丁糖膜预防术后粘连的机制、膜的制备及应用进展进行简要的介绍.     

可吸收生物降解材料的研究进展

当前可吸收生物降解材料已广泛应用于医学各领域,在医疗用品,人工器官及药物新剂型方面起到日益重要的作用,如聚丙交酯作为可吸收缝线和骨折内固定材料,缓释药物控制体系作为各种药物载体等。同时更多的生物可吸收材料在研制中,以满足医学领域的不同需要。近十年,可吸收材料在骨科领域的研究发展迅速,以欧美、日本等国为代表。本文对骨科可吸收骨折内固定物的基础研究和临床应用查阅文献,综述如下。     

粘克~可吸收医用膜预防妇科术后盆腔粘连的临床观察

目的观察粘克R可吸收医用膜用于妇科手术预防术后盆腔粘连的安全性和有效性。方法选取2013年1月至12月子宫肌瘤和卵巢囊肿患者242例,年龄23~55岁,平均年龄39.6岁。分为观察组154例,对照组88例。观察组在手术完成后,于手术创面、剥离面、腹壁切口下放置粘克R可吸收医用膜,必要时以可吸收缝线缝合固定;对照组除不放置该防粘连膜外,其他处置与观察组相同。观察术后发热、白细胞升高、盆腔积液及妇科检查异常发生情况。结果两组术后发热和白细胞升高发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);盆腔积液发生率分别为1.9%、10.2%,妇检异常发生率分别为2.6%、19.3%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论粘克R可吸收医用膜预防妇科术后盆腔粘连安全、有效。     

可吸收止血材料的生物相容性研究进展

可吸收止血材料是指用于伤口止血的可在体内降解吸收的生物医用材料,目前其在手术中止血发挥着重要作用。国内外近年来主要使用的可吸收止血材料包括壳聚糖、纤维蛋白原、α-氰基丙烯酸酯、氧化纤维素和胶原蛋白等,除止血效果外,其生物相容性正成为评价止血材料优劣的重要指标。在生物相容性的安全性和功能性原则指导下,对比它们在实验中的生物相容性结果,综合评价各类可吸收止血材料的生物相容性,为进一步研发良好生物相容性的可吸收止血材料以及日后的使用提供参考意见。     

老年病人全麻术后吸入性肺炎的预防

目的　探讨减少卧床老年骨科病人吸入性肺炎发生的护理措施 .方法　骨科手术 5 0例为实验组 ,予综合护理措施 ;4 4例为对照组予常规护理 .结果　实验组呛咳、吸入性肺炎发生率低于对照组 (p <0 .0 5 ) .结论　加强对骨科全麻病人术后 3天的体位变换、功能锻炼、呼吸道管理和饮食管理等综合护理方法 ,可有效防止呛咳、减少和预防吸入性肺炎 ,提高老年病人的生命质量 .     

术中应用甘露醇、地塞米松预防脑外伤术后脑水肿的疗效观察

脑外伤术后病人脑水肿发生率高达62～83%.脑外伤术后引起脑水肿,往往需二次开颅去骨瓣减压,给病人造成很大的身心痛苦,影响病人的康复,同时也给病人及其家属带来了很大经济负担.我们在术中应用甘露醇、地塞米松,有效预防了术后脑水肿的发生.现介绍如下:     

开胸术后肺部并发症的预防

胸外科手术后,肺部并发症比较常见。据统计:其术后并发症的发生率为5％～15％(1)因此,开胸术后肺部并发症的预防是一项重要的护理工作。本文通过2000年6月至2001年6月,298例开胸术后肺部并发症预防方法的观察与     

骨科可吸收材料的降解和生物力学性能研究进展

降解和生物力学性能是可吸收材料的两个重要特性。虽然可吸收材料具有可降解、生物相容性好等优点，但根据目前可降解材料在骨科临床中的要求和应用情况，材料的降解速度和力学性能方面还需要进一步完善。文章综述了各类可吸收材料在骨科临床应用中的降解行为、降解过程中生物力学性能的变化，并展望了可吸收材料的前景。     

可吸收生物材料在肌腱损伤重建中的防粘连作用

BACKGROUND: After sports tendon injury, tendon adhesion is the main reason for the failure to repair tendon injury. So, an ideal anti-adhesion material plays an important role in the tendon reconstruction.     

The Effects of Anti-Adhesion Materials in Preventing Postoperative Adhesion in Abdominal Cavity (Anti-Adhesion Materials for Postoperative Adhesions)

Purpose The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of anti-adhesion materials in postoperative adhesions. Materials and Methods Rats were assigned to five groups: Group 1: Control. Group 2: chitin layers were used. Group 3: Na-hyaluronate / carboxymethylcellulose layers were used. Group 4: Na-hyaluronate gel was poured into the abdomen. Group 5: methylprednisolone was injected. The adhesion frequency and grade were scored according to Granat. Blood was taken for Hb, AST, BUN and albumin levels determination. Findings The adhesion frequencies (right and left) and grades were as follow in Groups; I: 82%, 91%, 2.63 ± 1.22; II: 8.3%, 25%, 0.58 ± 0.66; III: 17%, 33%, 1.08 ± 1.08; IV: 50%, 58%, 1.41 ± 1.44; V: 50%, 42%, 1.41 ± 1.50. The adhesion phase in all study groups was found significantly low compared to control group, p < 0.05. No difference was observed among serologic and hematological parameters in all groups. Conclusion All the materials used significantly lowered the adhesion frequency and grade.     

羧甲基壳聚糖用作防止术后粘连的研究

本研究合成制备了N-羧甲基壳聚糖（N-CMC）、O-羧甲基壳聚糖（O-CMC）和N,O-羧甲基壳聚糖（N,O-CMC）;研究了它们的凝血性、体外酶解、抑菌性、对细胞生长的影响、对胶原合成的作用等生物特性;评价了它们的动物体内防粘连效果.研究结果表明,与N-CMC和N,O-CMC相比,O-CMC具有良好的凝血性,良好的生物降解性,轻微的抑菌活性,适度的抑制成纤维细胞增殖作用,轻微的抑制表皮细胞增殖作用,能抑制成纤维细胞胶原合成的能力,显示较好的防止术后粘连的效果,有希望成为新一代术后防止粘连材料.     

UV改性DACRON材料抗细菌粘附研究

介绍了对人工心瓣植入用涤纶布（Ｄａｃｒｏｎ）表面以紫外辐照为主进行接枝改性的方法,在其材料表面引入聚乙二醇（Ｐｏｌｙｅｔｈｌｅｎｅ ｇｌｙｃｏｌ,ＰＥＧ）,利用ＰＥＧ的“化学放大”作用再引入肝素（Ｈｅｐａｒｉｎ,Ｈｅｐ）,改性后的材料抗细菌粘附效果显著,与未改性材料相比,细菌粘附减少９０％。     

人工心脏瓣膜材料细菌粘附的体外实验

通过体外实验,评价人工心瓣心内膜炎常见致病菌对人工心瓣材料的粘附情况。初步闪工心瓣材料细菌粘附的测定方法。采用平板菌落计数法、＾１２５Ｉ标记细菌放射性测定法,测定金黄色葡萄球菌、表皮葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、绿脓杆菌对涤纶、热解碳、聚四氟乙烯的粘附情况。结果四种细菌对三种材料粘附能力与细菌生长曲线基本一致。四种细菌对涤纶对涤轮粘附较强,特别是金黄色葡萄球菌对涤纶粘附不随生长曲线进入衰亡期而减少。表皮葡萄     

三嵌段高分子骨组织工程支架材料的制备及细胞粘附性研究

目的　制备三嵌段高分子骨组织工程支架材料———聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇 ,并比较与聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料对骨髓基质细胞的粘附性 ,为骨组织工程支架材料的选择提供依据。方法　通过本体开环共聚法合成聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物 ,用红外光谱检测 ;利用高温显微镜测定两种材料的表面接触角 ;体外培养骨髓基质细胞 ,然后分别接种至上述两种材料上 ,测定细胞粘附率和细胞粘附力 ,并进行扫描电镜观察。结果　红外光谱证明聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇三嵌段共聚物形成 ;聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇材料的表面接触角是 6 3 3度 ,聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料的表面接触角是 6 7 5度 ;细胞粘附率分别为 6 9 .7%和 6 1. 3% ;细胞粘附力分别为 32 1 . 1 5± 92. 39× 1 0 - 1 0 牛顿和 2 1 6. 96± 73 .76× 1 0 - 1 0 牛顿 ;扫描电镜观察结果为聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇材料表面粘附的细胞数明显多于聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料表面粘附的细胞数。结论　聚丙交酯 /乙交酯 /天冬氨酸 聚乙二醇材料的粘附性优于聚丙交酯 共 乙交酯材料的粘附性 ,是一种理想的骨组织工程支架材料。     

类金刚石薄膜的碳相成分对其血小板黏附特性的影响

对不同工艺和条件制备的 7个类金刚石薄膜 (Diamondlikecarbon ,DLC)试样 ,经X光电子能谱 (XPS)碳相成分分析后 ,分别进行了血小板黏附实验、黏附血小板的形貌观察、分类计数和形态指数计算 ,并通过灰色关联分析 ,研究了碳相成分对血小板黏附量、黏附血小板的形态指数的影响。结果显示 :来自全方位离子注入离子束增强沉积工艺的DLC ,其血小板黏附量和形态指数明显小于等离子体化学气相沉积工艺制备的样品 ;在DLC的 5种碳相成分中 ,DLC碳相与血小板黏附量和形态指数的 (负 )关联度远大于其它碳相成分 ,除此之外只有C H和C O碳相与血小板形态指数的 (正 )关联度较大。表明 :(1)DLC碳相对血小板黏附的影响远较其它碳相成分为大 ,增加DLC碳相的含量是优化DLC血液相容性的关键所在 ;(2 )C H和C O碳相对黏附血小板的变形有促进作用 ,须从工艺上抑制其产生或尽可能降低其含量 ;(3)采用全方位离子注入离子束增强沉积工艺有助于改善DLC的血液相容性。这些结论对设计与改进DLC的制备工艺具有重要的指导意义。     

Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Serum Profile in Physiologic and Preeclamptic Pregnancy

PROBLEM: The aim of this study was to determine serum levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM)-1, an adhesion receptor that mediates interactions with the immune system, in physiologic and preeclamptic pregnancies. Moreover, we evaluated whether the release of sICAM-1 during pregnancy correlated to plasma fibronectin concentrations. METHOD OF STUDY: Serum was collected from 18 nonpregnant, control women, from 58 normal pregnant women during the first (n = 13), second (n = 15), and third (n = 30) trimesters, and from 25 preeclamptic patients at 27–39 weeks' gestation. All samples were assayed for sICAM-1 by a specific enzyme-linked immunoassay and for fibronectin by a nephelometric system. Serum sICAM-1 levels in preeclamptic patients were compared to those obtained from gestational-matched normal pregnant women. RESULTS: Levels of sICAM-1 were significantly elevated (P < 0.001) in each of the three trimesters of normal pregnancy (I trimester: 390.4 ± 25.7 ng/ml; II trimester: 386.3 ± 15.4 ng/ml; and III trimester: 367.3 ± 15.8 ng/ml) when compared to those of healthy nonpregnant women (263.3 ± 11.6 ng/ml). No significant difference in sICAM-1 concentrations was observed among the three trimesters. Preeclampsia was associated to a significant decrease (P < 0.01) of sICAM-1 levels (309.8 ± 11.6 ng/ml) relative to those observed in gestational-matched pregnant women (367.3 ± 15.8 ng/ml). Fibronectin and sICAM-1 levels did not correlate. CONCLUSION: The increased levels of sICAM-1 found in physiologic pregnancies and its reduction in preeclampsia may account for some of the immunologic alterations demonstrated to be associated with pregnancy.     

Prevention of adhesions in gynaecological endoscopy

Adhesions resulting from gynaecological endoscopic procedures are a major clinical, social and economic concern, as they may result in pelvic pain, infertility, bowel obstruction and additional surgery to resolve such adhesion-related complications. Although the minimally invasive endoscopic approach has been shown to be less adhesiogenic than traditional surgery, at least with regard to selected procedures, it does not totally eliminate the problem. Consequently, many attempts have been made to further reduce adhesion formation and reformation following endoscopic procedures, and a wide variety of strategies, including surgical techniques, pharmacological agents and mechanical barriers have been advocated to address this issue. The present review clearly indicates that there is no single modality proven to be unequivocally effective in preventing post-operative adhesion formation either for laparoscopic or for hysteroscopic surgery. Furthermore, the available adhesion-reducing substances are rather expensive. Since excellent surgical technique alone seems insufficient, further research is needed on an adjunctive therapy for the prevention and/or reduction of adhesion formation following gynaecological endoscopic procedures.     

肿瘤细胞间黏附性对免疫逃逸的影响

目的研究肿瘤细胞间黏附力改变对人体细胞免疫反馈的影响。方法建立基于网状波茨模型(cellular Potts model,CPM)模型理论的肿瘤生长-细胞免疫反馈模型,并模拟肿瘤细胞的生长过程以及人体细胞免疫反馈系统。观察不同肿瘤间黏附力时肿瘤受免疫系统的影响情况。结果肿瘤细胞间黏附力正常时,肿瘤在免疫系统强度较低时逃逸,在免疫系统强度较高时被消灭。肿瘤细胞间黏附力较低时,肿瘤在免疫系统强度较低时逃逸,免疫系统强度较高时发生震荡,肿瘤无法被消灭。结论较高的肿瘤间黏附性不利于肿瘤逃避免疫系统,降低肿瘤间黏附力的大小能够有效帮助肿瘤逃避免疫系统的杀灭。当肿瘤极度扩散时,免疫系统将无法将肿瘤彻底消灭。     

A Recessive Tumor Gene Function in Drosophila is Involved In Cell Adhesion

The phenotypic effects of lethal (2) giant larvae mutations are due to unstructured growth of brain and imaginal disc cells in homozygous mutant larvae. Molecular properties of the wildtype 1(2)gl protein and its tissue specificity of expression suggest that the protein is required for the adhesion of cells which are about the stop cell division and undergo terminal differentiation.