肝硬化患者外周淋巴细胞IL—2 mRNA的表达

白细胞介素－２在Ｔ淋巴细胞及其它免疫细胞活化，分化和增殖等过程中起着非常重要的作用，我们通过观察肝硬化患者外周血淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ的表达，以及ＩＬ－２分泌水平的变化，探讨肝硬化患者淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２分泌不足的机理。     

哮喘中外周血单个核细胞白细胞介素5表达及意义研究

该文研究了哮喘豚鼠嗜酸性粒细胞（ＥＯＳ）在外周血及支气管肺泡灌洗液（ＢＡＬＦ）中的变化,用ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ半定量测定了外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）及支气管组织白细胞介素５（ＩＬ－５）ｍＲＮＡ表达量。结晶显示哮喘豚鼠ＥＯＳ及ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达量均较对照组及地塞米松干预组显著升高,ＰＢＭＣ中ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达量与支这组织ＩＬ－５表达及外周血ＥＯＳ计数成正相关。提示哮喘豚鼠ＰＢＭＣ、ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达     

血液透析患者IL-2、sIL-2R的测定及临床意义

目的 观察维持性血液透析患者机体免疫功能的变化。方法 分析了血透患者透析前后及正常对照者血清中ＩＬ－２、ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平以及外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）分泌ＩＬ－２、ｓＩＬ２Ｒ的能力。结果 维持性血液透析患者血清、淋巴细胞培养上清中ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ水平明显高于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）,ＰＢＭＣ分泌ＩＬ－２能力明显低于对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论 长期血液透析患者机体免疫细胞处于活化状态,但免疫反应存在一     

肺癌患者外周血单个核细胞分泌白细胞介素－2受体的研究

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对３３例肺癌和２８例健康人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）分泌可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）能力的研究显示：肺癌患者ＰＢＭＣ分泌；ＩＬ－２Ｒ能力明显高于健康人（Ｐ＜０．０１）。但鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞未分化癌之间，ＰＢＭＣ分泌ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ能力无差别，三者分别较健康人显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。在肺癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期之间，ＰＢＭＣ分泌ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ能力亦无显著性差异。     

人白细胞介素2基因转移表达及抗乙型肝炎病毒和诱导LAK细胞活性的研究

为了探讨白细胞介素（ＩＬ）－２转基因表达抗乙型肝炎病毒（ＨＢＶ）的作用，应用逆转录病毒载体ｐＺＩＰＳｖ（Ｘ）－包装细胞系ＰＡ３１７基因转移系统，研究了人ＩＬ－２ｃＤＮＡ转移和表达，以及抗ＨＢＶ和诱导淋巴因子激活的杀伤细胞（ＬＡＫ细胞）的作用。所构建的人ＩＬ－２重组表达载体ｐＺＩＰｈｕＩＬ－２，以ＤＮＡ－磷酸钙共沉淀技术转染ＰＡ３１７细胞，筛选到Ｇ４１８抗性克隆，分泌假病毒颗粒达１０６ＣＦＵ／ｍｌ。以假病毒颗粒感染２．２．１５细胞系及正常人外周血单个核细胞，分泌ＩＬ－２水平可达６ＩＵ／ｍｌ，明显抑制２．２．１５细胞ＨＢｓＡｇ的分泌表达，与１００ＩＵ／ｍｌ重组的ＩＬ－２一样可诱导出相似的ＬＡＫ细胞活性。而不含ＩＬ－２ｃＤＮＡ的ｐＺＩＰＳＶ（Ｘ）的假病毒颗粒则无此作用。提示逆转录病毒载体。包装细胞系可以成功地实现人ＩＬ－２ｃＤＮＡ的转移和低水平的分泌和表达，并可明显抑制２．２．１５细胞分泌ＨＢｓＡｇ及诱导ＬＡＫ细胞活性。     

慢性乙型肝炎的IL-2mRNA和IL-6mRNA水平的研究

目的 从ｍＲＮＡ水平探讨白细胞介素２、６（ＩＬ－２、ＩＬ－６）在慢性乙型肝炎发病机制中的作用。方法 收集慢性迁延性乙肝炎（ＣＰＨ）、慢性活动性乙型肝炎（ＣＡＨ）患者以及接种乙肝疫苗的青少年和正常人的外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）,以ＨＢａｓＡｇ、ＨＢｅＡｇ以及植物血凝素（ＰＨＡ）刺激后,提取其总ＲＮＡ,采用半定量核酸杂交技术,检测经刺激后的ＰＢＭＣ表达的ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ、Ｉｌ－６ｍＲＮＡ水平。结果     

肺癌患者外周血单个核细胞分泌白细胞介素—2受体的研究

采用ＥＬＩＳＡ法对３３例肺癌和２８例健康人外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）分泌可溶性白细胞介素－２受体（ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ）能力的研究显示：肺癌患者ＰＢＭＣ分泌ｓＩＬ－２Ｒ能力明显高于健康人（Ｐ〈０．０１）。但鳞癌、腺癌、小细胞未分化癌之间，ＰＢＭＣ分泌ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ能力无差别，三者分别较显著增高（Ｐ〈０．０１）。在肺癌Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ期之间，ＰＢＭＣ分泌ＳＩＬ－２Ｒ能力亦显显著性差异。     

咳喘落协同地塞米松抑制哮喘大鼠白细胞介素4，5mRNA表达

目的 探讨咳落协同地塞米松拮抗支气管哮喘气道变应性炎症作用的分子机制。方法 采用逆转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）半定量地测定了不同剂量的咳喘落对哮喘大鼠肺组织和外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）中ＩＬ－４ｍＲＮＡ、ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达的影响。结果 哮喘时大鼠肺组织和ＰＢＭＣ中ＩＬ－４ｍＲＮＡ与ＩＬ－５ｍＲＮＡ表达均增强，显然高于空白对照组（Ｐ〈０．０１），经大剂量咳落治疗后，其表达同时显著降低（Ｐ〉     

心内直视术对人外周血淋巴细胞表面白细胞DR抗原表达的影响

选择４０例择期心内直视术（ＣＰＢ）患者，动态监测其围手术期间外周血淋巴细胞表面人类白细胞ＤＲ抗原（ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ）、白细胞介素２受体（ＩＬ－２Ｒ）表达和在体外诱生白细胞介素２水平的变化，以探讨ＣＰＢ对循环血中淋巴细胞ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达的影响，并讨论其与ＣＰＢ后免疫功能状况的关系。结果发现，麻醉后、术毕、术后２周内淋巴细胞表面ＨＬＡ－ＤＲ表达与麻醉前对照值相比，差异无统计学意义（Ｐ〉０．０５），而淋巴细     

烧伤后白介素2与白介素2受体基因表达的变化及人参茎叶皂甙的调节作用

研究了不同程度烧伤小鼠淋巴细胞白介素２（Ｉｎｔｅｒｌｅｕｋｉｎ２，ＩＬ－２）ｍＲＮＡ及ＩＬ－２受体α（ＩＬ－２Ｒα）ｍＲＮＡ的变化，并观察人参茎叶皂甙的体内外调节作用。结果显示，烧伤后ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ及ＩＬ－２ＲαｍＲＮＡ水平均降低，且同伤情变化关系密切。伤后ＩＬ－２及ＩＬ－２Ｒα的变化分别同ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ、ＩＬ－２ＲαｍＲＮＡ的变化呈非常显著的正相关。人参茎叶皂甙皮下注射（５０ｍｇ·ｋｇ（－１）·ｄ（－１），连续４ｄ）可显著提高烧伤小鼠淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ及ＩＬ－２ＲαｍＲＮＡ水平，并促进ＩＬ－２生成及ＩＬ－２Ｒα表达。人参茎叶皂甙体外（０．１至１００μｇ／ｍｌ）也可拮抗烧伤小鼠ＩＬ－２ｍＲＮＡ及ＩＬ－２ＲαｍＲＮＡ的受抑状态。上述结果表明，烧伤可致淋巴细胞ＩＬ－２及ＩＬ－２Ｒα的基因表达受抑，进而导致ＩＬ－２的生成及ＩＬ－２Ｒα的表达减少。人参茎叶皂甙对这一变化具有明显的拮抗效应。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.