食管测压在不典型贲门失弛缓症诊断中的应用

早期或不典型贲门失弛缓症临床诊断较难,X线钡餐检查敏感性较低.该病可能与食管动力障碍有关,食管测压对其诊断可能有较高的价值.目的:通过分析不典型贲门失弛缓症患者的食管测压参数,探讨其特征性表现,为早期诊断提供依据.方法:对21例不典型贲门失弛缓症、15例典型贲门失弛缓症和10名健康对照者进行食管压力测定.结果:不典型贲门失弛缓症组与典型贲门失弛缓症组的LES静息压类似,但均显著高于健康对照组(P＜0.01).健康对照组、不典型贲门失弛缓症组和典型贲门失弛缓症组的LES残余压呈递增趋势,且两两比较有显著差异(P＜0.01);不典型贲门失弛缓症组仅6例(28.6%)患者LES静息压增加,但有14例(67.7%)LES残余压增加.不典型贲门失弛缓症组50.2%的患者吞咽后LES可完全松弛,松弛率与典型贲门失弛缓症组比较无显著差异,但显著低于健康对照组(P＜0.01).食管体部收缩振幅在三组间无显著差异,多数失弛缓症患者湿咽后表现为无传导性同步收缩,与健康对照组比较有显著差异(P＜0.01).结论:不典型和典型贲门失弛缓症患者的LES静息压和LES松弛率均显著高于健康对照组,但用于诊断贲门失弛缓症敏感性较低.LES残余压对不典型贲门失弛缓症的诊断有较高的敏感性.吞咽后食管体部无传导性同步收缩是所有贲门失弛缓症患者的特征.     

贲门失弛缓症的治疗

贲门失弛缓症是一种病因尚未明确、累及食管平滑肌和下食管括约肌（LES）的动力障碍性疾病。以吞咽时食管体部蠕动消失、LES松弛障碍为特征。本病的治疗方式包括药物、注射肉毒杆菌毒素、气囊扩张术和肌切开术,旨在降低LES压力,促进食管排空,多数患者可获得较理想的结局。本文就贲门失弛缓症的治疗现状作一综述。     

被膜食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症的临床研究

贲门失弛缓症是一种食管运动功能障碍性疾病，以下食管括约肌（lower esophageal sphincter，LES）张力增高，食管正常蠕动消失，LES和贲门对吞咽动作的松弛反应障碍为特征。目前，其病因尚未明确。我院自2005年始，通过内镜下置入“Z”型双被膜支架治疗贲门失弛缓综合征21例，取得满意疗效，现报告如下。     

贲门失弛缓症患者食管压力及运动功能变化的研究

目的研究贲门失弛缓症（achalasia cardia）患者食管下段括约肌（LES）压力及食道体部运动功能的变化。方法采用荷兰MMS多功能消化道测压仪，分别对48例贲门失弛缓症患者与30位正常人测量并记录LES长度、LES静息压力，10次湿咽动作中食道体部收缩及LES松弛功能变化，对LES、食管上括约肌（UES）松弛率和推进性蠕动进行评价。结果贲门失弛缓症患者与对照组相比，LES静息压力明显升高（P＜0．05），LES松弛率明显降低（P＜0．05）；贲门失弛缓症均为无传导性同步蠕动波；病例组与对照组食管体部蠕动波、LES长度、UES的各项指标比较差异均无统计学意义。结论LES压力升高、LES松弛率降低和食管体部运动功能失调是贲门失弛缓症患者的重要特征，对贲门失弛缓症的诊断有指导意义。     

可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症18例临床观察

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性食管神经肌肉病变所致的以下食管括约肌（LES）松弛障碍为特点的动力障碍性疾病，主要病理表现为LES区食管壁增厚，压力增高。治疗方法以气囊扩张为主，扩张治疗虽可短期内缓解吞咽困难症状，但患者复发率很高，且易导致穿孔、出血及食管损伤等并发症。我院2003年6月至2005年9月采用可回收防反流食管支架治疗贲门失弛缓症18例，取得满意疗效，现报告如下。     

贲门失弛症与返流性食管炎的治疗

贲门失弛症与返流性食管炎的病理生理主要是下食管括约肌(LES)功能障碍。病因至今尚未完全阐明。一、贲门失弛症贲门失弛症的动力性障碍主要为食管体部蠕动消失,LES病态失弛缓,食物因排空入胃受阻而滞留于食管内。其临床表现为吞咽困难、食物返     

贲门失弛缓症贲门扩张前后食管测压变化

贲门失弛缓症是一种原发性食管神经肌肉病变,以下食管括约肌(LES)松弛障碍、食管体部缺乏蠕动性收缩为特点的动力障碍性疾病。扩张疗法是主要治疗方法,从2 0 0 0年7月始,我们对1 0例贲门失弛缓症患者的扩张治疗效果进行了食管测压研究。一、资料和方法1 .对象:确诊为贲门失弛缓症的住院患者1 0例,其中男5例,女5例,年龄1 9～5 7岁;病程3～1 2 0个月,平均(39 8±37 5 )个月。2 .治疗方法:采用探条扩张法或气囊扩张法。扩张器分别为Wilson Cook公司的Savary探条和专用贲门失弛缓症扩张气囊。3.食管动力检查:扩张前1d及扩张结束后2d行食管测…     

贲门失弛缓症病因及发病机制研究进展

贲门失弛缓症是一种食管动力障碍性疾病,食管下括约肌松弛障碍及食管蠕动异常是其主要特点。贲门失弛缓症患者存在吞咽困难、食物反流、胸痛等症状;严重者无法进食、营养不良,并可伴发吸入性肺炎;食管长期堆积食物,导致食管黏膜水肿、发炎、上皮异型增生,患食管癌的风险增高。贲门失弛缓症的病因尚不明确,认为其发病与遗传、病毒感染、免疫、炎症和环境等因素相关。贲门失弛缓症的发病机制有神经源性、肌源性和先天性学说,其中神经源性学说认为食管的肌间抑制性神经元退行性变导致贲门失弛缓症的发生,该学说被广泛接受。本文就贲门失弛缓症的病因及发病机制进行了综述。     

硫化氢对贲门失弛缓症动物模型食管重塑的治疗作用

背景:贲门失弛缓症是一种病因尚不明确的食管动力障碍性疾病,表现为食管壁内神经丛不可逆性损伤导致下食管括约肌(LES)松弛功能障碍。研究发现贲门失弛缓症患者的食管下端平滑肌呈现重塑现象。目的:探讨硫化氢治疗对贲门失弛缓症动物模型食管重塑标志物表达的影响。方法:予BALB/c小鼠LES注射苄基二甲基十四烷基氯化铵(BAC)建立贲门失弛缓症动物模型,并予腹腔注射外源性硫化氢供体硫氢化钠。比较接受与未接受硫化氢治疗的模型小鼠以及对照组小鼠的食管测压结果,以免疫组化染色检测食管重塑标志物肌动蛋白、弹性蛋白表达。结果:成功建立贲门失弛缓症小鼠模型。与对照组相比,模型组和治疗组小鼠LES压力增高,肌动蛋白、弹性蛋白表达增强(P 0. 05),治疗组上述指标的变化均轻于模型组(P 0. 05)。结论:贲门失弛缓症动物模型食管下端存在重塑现象,硫化氢治疗可抑制食管重塑,为硫化氢用于治疗贲门失弛缓症提供了理论依据。     

经口内镜括约肌切开术治疗贲门失弛缓症改变了什么

贲门失弛缓症（esophageal achalasia,EA）又称贲门痉挛、巨食管,是一种少见的由于食管贲门部的神经肌肉功能障碍所致的食管动力障碍性疾病。其主要特征是食管缺乏蠕动,食管下端括约肌（LES）高压和对吞咽动作的松弛反应减弱。临床表现为吞咽困难、胸骨后疼痛、食物反流以及因食物反流误吸人气管所致咳嗽、肺部感染等症状。EA进展缓慢,严重影响患者的生活质量,引起患者体重下降。     

Is aperistalsis with complete lower esophageal sphincter relaxation an early stage of classic achalasia?

BACKGROUND: Aperistalsis with complete lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation, characterized by the complete relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis of the esophageal body on manometry, has been considered by some authors to be an early manifestation of classic achalasia, which is defined as incomplete relaxation of the LES and aperistalsis of the esophageal body. The aim of the present study was to compare the clinical features of patients with aperistalsis with complete LES relaxation, with those of patients with classic achalasia. METHODS: Eighteen patients with aperistalsis with complete LES relaxation and 53 patients with classic achalasia were analyzed with regard to clinical history, the maximal diameter of the esophageal body on barium esophagogram, LES resting pressure and the duration of LES relaxation on manometric recordings, and the selected treatment and its efficacy. RESULTS: The aperistalsis with complete LES relaxation group had distinctly different features compared to those of the classic achalasia group including older age, more frequent association with non-cardiac chest pain, less frequent association with dysphagia and weight loss, lower LES resting pressures, and longer duration of LES relaxation. However, the two groups were similar in terms of maximal diameter of the esophageal body, and efficacy associated with pneumatic dilation. CONCLUSIONS: Aperistalsis with complete LES relaxation on manometry is not necessarily an early manifestation of classic achalasia. However, this condition does not preclude a diagnosis of achalasia or a good response to achalasia therapy.     

贲门失弛缓症动物模型的建立及其机制探讨

背景:贲门失弛缓症是一种常见的食管动力障碍性疾病,其病因不清,目前尚缺乏有效根治措施。目的:建立猫贲门失弛缓症动物模型并探讨其发生机制,为贲门失弛缓症的根治提供依据。方法:胃镜下将苄基-二甲基-十四烷基氯化铵(BAC)注射至猫食管下括约肌(LES)周围,对照组注射生理盐水,观察动物进食和体重的变化。第8周时行食管钡餐检查,计算食管钡剂潴留率;测定LES静息压力(LESBP)、松弛率和松弛度;观察不同药物对体内LESBP和体外LES肌环张力的影响以及肌环对电场刺激的反应。采用免疫组化染色分析一氧化氮合酶(NOS)阳性神经元在LES肌环中的分布。结果:第8周时,BAC处理组进食减少,体重显著减轻(-P<0.05),食管钡剂潴留率显著高于对照组(P<0.01),LESBP显著增高(P<0.05),LES松弛率和松弛度显著减低(P<0.05),L-精氨酸对LESBP无影响,但硝普钠可使LESBP显著降低(P<0.05);对照组LESBP无明显变化,L-精氨酸和硝普钠均可使LESBP显著降低(P<0.05)。两组体外LES肌环由乙酰胆碱和硝普钠引起的收缩和舒张反应无明显差别,L-精氨酸可使对照组肌环松弛,但不能使BAC处理组肌环松弛,电场刺激不能引起BAC处理组肌环松弛,但能引起收缩。免疫组化染色提示BAC处理组LES肌环肌间神经丛NOS阳性神经元缺失。结论:通过LES注射BAC成功建立了     

内镜下扩张结合肉毒杆菌毒素注射治疗贲门失弛缓症术后随访分析

目的 研究内镜下贲门扩张结合肉毒杆菌毒素注射术治疗贲门失弛缓的临床疗效、术后的食管动力学变化.方法 选择29例贲门失弛缓患者,经临床评估、内镜及食管动力学检测后,在内镜下对贲门进行水囊扩张,再于贲门四壁分4点注射A型肉毒杆菌毒素.分别于术后1周、1个月、6个月、12个月对患者密切随访,评估临床表现,检测相关的食管动力学指标,然后对结果 进行统计学处理,再比较分析.结果 患者在内镜术前出现不同程度的吞咽困难、胸痛和呕吐,内镜术后1周、6个月、12个月吞咽困难、胸痛及呕吐发生率较术前显著降低.术后12个月吞咽困难、胸痛发生率较术后1周、6个月组显著升高,呈现明显升高趋势.内镜术后下段食管的平均压力较术前显著降低,术后6个月较1个月显著升高.内镜术后1个月开始,与术前相比,下段食管的平均收缩间期显著缩短,下段食管的顺行性则显著改善.内镜治疗术后食管下括约肌静息压较术前显著降低,术后6个月食管下括约肌(LES)静息压较术后1个月则明显升高.内镜术后LES松弛率较术前显著升高,术后6个月食管下括约肌松弛率较术后1个月则明显降低.内镜术后1个月开始食管顺行性收缩比例较术前显著升高,而非协调性收缩的比例则显著降低.内镜治疗术后食管体部收缩幅度较术前显著降低.结论 内镜下贲门扩张及肉毒杆菌毒素注射术能显著改善贲门失弛缓症患者的临床表现及食管动力学状况,但术后1个月开始临床复发率逐步升高、食管动力学异常逐渐加重.     

内镜下三种方法治疗贲门失弛缓症后下食管括约肌及体部动力学比较

目的 比较分析内镜下单纯扩张术、扩张加肉毒杆菌毒素注射术及支架扩张术治疗贲门失弛缓症后下食管括约肌(LES)及食管体部动力学变化情况.方法 将99例临床确诊的贲门失弛缓症患者分为扩张组、扩张注射组和支架组,分别进行内镜下单纯扩张术、扩张加肉毒杆菌毒素注射术及支架扩张术治疗,并于治疗前、治疗后1周、治疗后6个月及治疗后12个月分别检测LES静息压、松弛率及食管体部顺行性收缩比例、非协调性收缩比例、LES上10 cm处的收缩幅度,比较分析治疗前后各项指标的变化值.结果 治疗前,各组LES静息压、食管体部非协调性收缩比例、收缩幅度均较正常值显著升高,LES松弛率及食管体部顺行性收缩比例则均显著降低,3组间差异无统计学意义.治疗后1周,3组间各项检测指标与术前比较的变化值差异均无统计学意义.治疗后6个月,扩张注射组和支架组LES静息压、LES松弛率、食管体部收缩幅度的改善情况均优于扩张组,P值分别为0.041、0.006、0.037和0.029、0.004、0.033,但扩张注射组和支架组间比较差异无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).治疗后12个月,支架组LES静息压、LES松弛率、食管体部顺行性收缩比例、食管体部收缩幅度的改善情况均优于扩张组,P值分别为0.035、0.028、0.008、0.007,扩张注射组与扩张组比较则差异均无统计学意义(P值均＞0.05).结论 内镜下单纯扩张术、扩张加肉毒杆菌毒素注射术及支架扩张术是治疗贲门失弛缓症的有效方法 ,近期疗效显著,远期复发率随时间延长均呈上升趋势,但支架扩张术的远期疗效相对优于其他两种方法 .     

内镜超声检查对食管平滑肌瘤的诊治价值

目的 探讨内镜超声检查(EUS)对食管平滑肌瘤的诊治价值.方法 分析研究经EUS诊断为食管平滑肌瘤患者的临床表现及血清学、常规胃镜、EUS等检查结果.将EUS的诊断结果与内镜或手术切除的组织病理诊断结果进行比较.治疗后随访2～36个月,平均14.3个月,以观察疾病复发情况.结果 EUS诊断食管平滑肌瘤191例.患者的临床表现、血清学检查、常规胃镜和螺旋CT对食管平滑肌瘤无特异性诊断作用.116例分别接受内镜(111例)或外科手术(5例)摘除治疗,101例术后组织病理确诊为食管平滑肌瘤,EUS对该病的诊断准确率为87%.随访75例未治疗者和116例治疗者,发现前者病灶无明显变化,后者术后无复发.结论 食管平滑肌瘤是一种良性肿瘤,EUS对该病的诊治具有较高的临床价值.     

Clinical, Radiographic, and Manometric Evolution of Esophageal Involvement by Chagas’ Disease

The complete manifestation of esophageal Chagas disease includes nonperistaltic contractions in the esophageal body, absent lower esophageal sphincter (LES) relaxation, and dilatation of the organ. However, some patients have a minor degree of esophageal denervation and esophageal motility that does not imply a diagnosis of achalasia. Our objective was to evaluate the evolution of esophageal involvement by Chagas disease in 28 patients with dysphagia for solids and liquids and a positive serologic test for the disease, 14 with complete LES relaxation, 4 with partial (incomplete) LES relaxation, and 10 with absent LES relaxation; only 2 of them had mild dilatation. The patients (21 women), aged 43–74 years (median 60 years), were evaluated by clinical, radiographic, and manometric methods that were repeated 3–14 years (median 7 years) later. Dysphagia improved in 13 (46.4%) patients, was worse in 5 (17.9%), and did not change in 10 (35.7%). The radiographic examination did not change in 24 (85.7%) and was worse in 3 (10.7%). Esophageal manometry revealed a change from peristaltic to simultaneous contractions in 2 patients (7.1%), LES relaxation changed from complete to partial in 5 (17.9%), and from partial to absent in 2 (7.1%). There was no further clinical, radiographic, or manometric impairment in 15 (53.6%) patients. The symptom duration was longer and the age when they were evaluated was older in patients with no progression of the disease. We conclude that a conspicuous part of this group of patients with esophageal Chagas disease and dysphagia had no progression of esophageal disease after 3–14 years. This possibility should be considered when making therapeutic decisions.     

小儿食管裂孔疝反流和手术抗反流机制的研究

目的了解小儿食管裂孔疝（ＨＨ）发生反流和手术抗反流的作用机制。方法２０例经钡餐造影确诊的ＨＨ患儿进行手术前后食管２４小时ｐＨ监测和食管动力功能检查。结果２０例患儿均有病理性胃酸反流；术后各项反流指标除了平均反流周期外均显著改善，下食管括约肌长度（ＬＥＳＬ）显著增加（从１．１７ｃｍ增加到１．９４ｃｍ．Ｐ＜０．０１）．主要是腹内食管段增加明显（从０．５４ｃｍ增加到１．３０ｃｍ，Ｐ＜０．０５）。胃内压降低（从２．８６ｍｍＨｇ降到１．７８ｍｍＨｇ，Ｐ＜０．０１）：术后腹内食管段长度影响治疗效果，长度长则疗效好（Ｐ＜０，０５）；手术前后下食管括约肌压力（ＬＥＳＰ）无显著差别（Ｐ＞０．０５）。结论小儿ＨＨ发生反流的机制是由于ＬＥＳ长度不足，主要是腹内食管段长度不足甚至消失及胃内压增高引起；手术抗反流的机制定增加了ＬＥＳ的长度，主要是增加了腹内食管段的长度。     

Clinical and manometric findings on elderly patients with achalasia

Introduction: Data regarding the age impact on the clinical presentation and esophageal motility in adults with idiopathic achalasia are scarce. Objective: To asses the clinical and manometric features of elderly patients with idiopathic achalasia. Methods: The medical charts of 159 patients diagnosed with achalasia were divided into two groups according to the patients' age: ?60 years (n = 123) and >60 years (n = 36). Clinical and manometric findings [esophageal body aperistalsis, basal lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure and abnormal LES relaxation] of both groups were compared upon diagnosis. Patients with previous esophageal interventions were excluded. Results: Only chest pain was more common in the ?60 year-old group (51.2% vs. 22.2%, p <0.003). This difference remained when comparing the group of men ?60 years. Other presenting features (including sex, weight loss, and presence of dysphagia, regurgitation and heartburn) did not differ between the groups. The LES relaxation was incomplete in 70.4% of the cases. No differences on the basal LES pressure, residual LES pressure or the amplitude of the esophageal body contractions between both groups were found. Considering only the classic achalasia cases, symptomatic time before diagnosis was greater in ?60 years compared with older patients: 24 vs. 12 months (p <0.05), respectively. Conclusions: These results suggest that chest pain is more common in younger male achalasia patients and residual LES pressure decreases with age.