支具治疗中度特发性脊柱侧凸患儿59例8年随访

背景:对于中度脊柱侧弯畸形患者的治疗干预方法的选择至关重要.目的:观察规律佩戴支具治疗中度特发性脊柱侧凸的疗效,并与间断佩戴和未佩戴矫形支具比较.设计、时间及地点:回顾性病例对比分析,1996-01/2004-12中山大学附属第二医院.对象:中度脊柱侧凸患儿59例,男21例,女38例,年龄12～16岁.34例患儿进行支具治疗,其中部分患儿遵医嘱规律佩戴,每天20～22 h;另有部分患儿没有坚持规律佩戴,每天8～10 h.另25例因各种原因未遵医嘱佩戴支具而行体操疗法.方法:观察时间为3～7年,平均时间为4.5年.支具的佩戴终止时间以Risser征5度为主要参考指标.通过摄X-ray的脊柱全长片,对比患者观察前后的侧弯角度,原Cobb角> 20°现Cobb < 10°为消退, Cobb角减少5°以上为减轻,Cobb角相差在5°内为未变,Cobb角增加5°以上为进展, Cobb角大于40°,最终选择手术治疗为失败.主要观察指标:各组治疗结束后临床疗效.结果:规律佩戴支具组有效率达90.9%,间断佩戴支具组有效率达50.0%,未佩戴支具组有效率为48.0%.经比较支具规律组优于支具间断组和无支具组(P < 0.05).结论:坚持正确规律佩戴支具(佩戴时间不应少于20 h)治疗中度特发性脊柱侧凸疗效确切.     

支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的护理

目的:探讨支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AIS)的护理。方法:对我院1998年1月～2003年1月采用支具治疗获得随访的196例AIS患儿通过实施心理护理;指导患儿正确穿戴支具;积极预防并发症;同时教会患儿行脊柱功能训练等综合措施进行护理。结果:在随访的196例AIS患儿中无明显肢体神经受压、肌力减退、呼吸系统、消化系统症状等支具并发症出现,均完成了支具穿戴要求时间。全部病例经过1～5年,平均3年的随访,181例患儿脊柱畸形外观及Cobb角均有较大改观,总有效率为91.41%。结论:加强护理干预,对Cobb角<40°病例的青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AIS),支具治疗有明显的效果,值得推广。     

热塑矫形支具治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧凸：疗效及材料和宿主反应随访

目的:回顾性分析支具矫正的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸适应证及临床效果。方法:对2003-01/2005-12在解放军第211医院骨科收治的106例未做过治疗的生长发育期青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者,给予热塑矫形支具治疗。男21例,女85例;年龄8～19岁,平均(13.1±3.6)岁。单胸凸49例,双胸凸8例,胸和腰双凸37例,胸腰段或腰凸12例。原发Cobb角20°～42°,平均(±6.4)°。Risser征0度51例,Ⅰ度33例,Ⅱ度19例,Ⅲ度3例。支点29.5弯曲位时的矫正率≥50%的柔软性侧凸57例,<50%的僵硬性侧凸49例。每3～6个月复查1次,摄站立位全脊柱正侧位X射线片。结果:①全部病例随访24～72个月,平均36个月,79例(74.5%)治疗有效(原发性侧凸Cobb角增加≤5°,或是胸腰双主弯中继发侧凸超过原发侧凸≤5°),27例(25.5%)出现脊柱侧凸进展,治疗无效。②柔软性侧凸57例,支具矫正有效是48例;僵硬性侧凸49例,有效是37例,柔软性侧凸的矫正效果优于僵硬性侧凸。③脊柱侧凸Cobb角在20°°者63例,有效是54例,～2930～40°者43例,有效是25例,Cobb角20°°组的矫正效果优于Cobb角30°°组。③未出现特殊的材料和宿主的明显～29～40不良反应和负性事件,但腰、髋部骨密度明显下降。结论:①热塑矫形支具矫正青少年特发性脊柱侧凸能够取得良好疗效。②骨骼正处于生长发育期者,侧凸柔软性好者,Cobb角较小者,矫正效果好。③支点弯曲位时的矫正率可以预测支具矫正效果。④随访中发现应用支具后患者腰、髋部骨密度明显下降。     

改良舍努支具治疗120例青少年特发性脊柱侧弯的护理

改良舍努(Cheneau)支具是治疗青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AIS)的一种胸腰骶外固定支具。报告了120例AIS患儿应用改良Cheneau支具治疗的护理。穿戴前进行全面评估,解除患儿思想顾虑,做好各项宣教;穿戴后进行连续护理观察,重视患儿的感受和需求,反复强调注意要点,注意预防并发症,包括皮肤压疮,肢体肿胀麻木,神经受损,肌力减退,呼吸、消化系统症状等;治疗期间加强功能锻炼,包括腰背肌锻练、脊柱主动运动和脊柱体操。本组有2例因矫形垫压迫过紧造成皮肤红肿、水疱,调整后症状消失;1例因疼痛加重去除支具,调整压力垫后疼痛消失。其余患儿脊柱外观均明显改善,疼痛减轻,脊柱柔软度增强。     

内固定物置入分期矫形治疗重度僵硬脊柱侧凸

背景：重度脊柱侧凸是目前临床治疗的难点,目前研究表明分期矫形治疗是一种安全有效的治疗手段。目的：分析分期矫形在治疗重度脊柱侧弯中的疗效。方法：对10例重度僵硬的脊柱侧凸分期矫形治疗进行回顾性分析,平均年龄12岁。冠状面Cobb角110°-180°,平均140°,矢状位后凸Cobb角50°-100°,平均75°,均采用1期前路松解,2期行Halo-plevic环牵引,3期后路截骨矫形内固定物治疗。结果与结论：所有病例均顺利完成手术治疗,无严重并发症发生,1期前路松解及2期牵引治疗术后冠状位Cobb角平均90°,矫正率为35.7%,矢状位Cobb角50°,矫正率为33.3%;3期截骨矫形后冠状位Cobb角平均40°,矫正率为71.4%,矢状位Cobb角35°,矫正率为53.3%。结果说明对于重度僵硬脊柱侧凸畸形,分期矫形治疗是有效安全的治疗手段。     

不同摄片方法预测青少年特发性脊柱侧凸三维矫形融合术效果的比较

背景:站立侧屈、仰卧侧屈、侧方按压、俯卧推压和牵引下摄X射线片对预测哈氏法和卢氏法手术的矫正效果确实有效,但均不能更好地预测目前应用的三维椎弓根钉棒矫形系统的矫正效果。目的:评估术前支点弯曲位、重力悬吊牵引位和仰卧侧屈位X射线平片在预测青少年特发性脊柱侧凸三维矫形融合术效果的价值。设计:对比观察。单位:解放军第二一一医院骨科(全军骨科中心)。对象:选择2003-01/2005-12解放军第二一一医院骨科就诊的63例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者,男18例,女45例,年龄10￣21岁。均经临床检查及X射线平片诊断为青少年特发性脊柱侧凸;Cobb角≥40°;患者均对检测项目知情同意。方法:术前对63例青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的79个结构性侧凸摄站立位全脊柱正侧位片、支点弯曲位片、重力悬吊牵引位片和仰卧侧屈位片,术后1周时摄站立位全脊柱正侧位片。主要观察指标:青少年特发性脊柱侧凸术前支点弯曲位Cobb角与术后实际Cobb角。结果:患者63例均进入结果分析。术前支点弯曲位Cobb角与术后站立位比较,差异无显著性意义(P>0.05);而术前重力悬吊牵引位和仰卧侧屈位Cobb角与术后站立位比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。结论:支点弯曲位X射线平片比重力悬吊牵引位和仰卧侧屈位X射线平片能更准确地预测术后矫正效果,而重力悬吊牵引位与仰卧侧屈位摄片的预测结果相似。     

3D打印脊柱侧凸矫形器的矫正效果

目的 观察3D打印脊柱侧凸矫形器的矫正期内矫正效果和短期矫正效果。方法 2021年7至12月，就诊于上海交通大学附属第九人民医院的青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者36例，穿戴矫形器前及穿戴后即刻摄脊柱全长X线片；每日穿戴矫形器20 h以上，6个月后随访拍摄X线片；计算Cobb角。穿戴矫形器前后采用脊柱侧凸研究会22项问卷简体中文版(SRS-22)进行评估。结果 穿戴矫形器前，患者平均Cobb角(22.10±6.29)°；穿戴后即刻Cobb角(7.85±10.90)°(t=4.775, P <0.01);6个月后，Cobb角(14.33±0.74)°，仍明显低于穿戴前(t=4.189, P <0.01)。穿戴6个月后，SRS-22功能状况维度评分明显增加(Z=-2.676, P <0.01)。穿戴后即刻Cobb角与6个月后Cobb角呈正相关(r=0.826,P <0.05)。结论 穿戴3D打印脊柱侧凸矫形器矫正期内和短期矫正效果均较好。     

改良脊柱矫形器治疗强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯的疗效

目的探讨改良脊柱矫形器治疗强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯的临床效果。方法16例强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯患者均佩戴改良矫形器治疗6个月,平均每天配戴4~6h;同时配合矫形体操锻炼,每天至少1h。治疗6个月后复查脊柱cobb角变化。结果所有患者脊柱侧弯的程度均得到有效控制和改善,脊柱cobb角变小。结论改良脊柱矫形器治疗强直性脊柱炎脊柱侧弯有明显疗效。     

青少年特发性脊柱侧凸行后路矫形术的手术配合

正常情况下,脊柱有四个生理弯曲。当脊柱某些节段偏离了身体正常正面轴线称为脊柱侧凸。对处于生长期患儿,正位X线片脊柱侧凸角度（Cobb角）〉40°、非手术治疗无效、疼痛、胸椎前凸及伴有明显外观畸形应考虑手术治疗。目前手术矫形发展到三维畸形矫正一冠状、矢状、轴状。后路矫形也是三维畸形矫正。2003年1月至2008年5月,本院脊柱外科为14例脊柱侧凸患儿实施后路矫形术,取得良好效果,现将手术配合报告如下。     

Bending位腰椎仰卧侧屈加压位片评估青少年脊柱侧凸脊柱柔韧性的价值

目的:分析青少年脊柱侧凸(AIS)患儿运用Bending位腰椎仰卧侧屈加压位片评估其脊柱柔韧性的价值。方法:以我院2016年8月-2019年8月期间收治的行矫形治疗的28例AIS患儿为研究对象,患儿手术前后均行全脊柱站立正位片评价手术矫正率,同时行仰卧侧屈位片检查、Bending位腰椎仰卧侧屈加压位片,对比两种体位检测的Cobb角、柔韧性及矫正指数。结果:本组患儿行全脊柱站立正位片检查,结果显示患儿术前Cobb角(51.17±11.26)°,术后Cobb角(13.64±2.69)°,手术矫正率为(73.34±4.29);Bending位腰椎仰卧侧屈加压位片检测的Cobb角明显小于腰椎仰卧侧屈位片,而柔韧性、矫正指数更高,数据差异具有显著性(P<0.05)。结论:AIS患儿运用Bending位腰椎仰卧侧屈加压位片可以有效评估脊柱柔韧性,在临床上具有泛用性。     

Asymmetric biomechanical characteristics of the paravertebral muscle in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

BackgroundWe sought to assess the biomechanical properties of the paravertebral muscles in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with Lenke Type 1, 2, or 3 (Lenke 1-3) curves.MethodsThe MyotonPro® and shear wave elasticity imaging system were used to assess the biomechanical features of the thoracic paravertebral muscles on concave and convex side in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with Lenke 1-3 curves. The Cobb angle of the main curve was measured using the anteroposterior whole spine radiograph in the standing position.FindingsA total of 40 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients with a mean Cobb angle of 66.49° (SD 32.8°) were included in this study. Muscle tone, stiffness and Deborah number on the concave side was significantly greater than that on the convex side. Relaxation time was significantly longer on the convex side than on the concave side. No statistically significant difference in muscle elasticity was observed between the concave side and the convex side (P > 0.05). Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that stiffness on the concave side was moderately positively correlated with the Cobb angle (P < 0.05, r = 0.582); the Deborah number on both sides and the relaxation time on the concave side showed a moderate negative correlation with the Cobb angle (P < 0.05, r = −0.632; r = −0.432; r = −0.611).InterpretationConcave paravertebral muscle tone and stiffness were greater than those on convex side in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis patients. The asymmetric biomechanical characteristics of paravertebral muscles are closely related to the severity of scoliosis.     

核心肌力训练对轻中度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯患儿肌群肌力改善及Cobb角的影响

目的探讨核心肌力训练对轻中度青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AIS)患儿肌群肌力改善及Cobb角的影响。方法选取2018年1月—2019年12月于医院接受治疗的青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AIS)患儿98例,按照组间基本特征匹配的原则分为对照组与观察组,各49例。对照组采用常规支具治疗与护理,观察组在此基础上采用核心肌力训练干预,比较两组患儿肌群肌力改善情况、Cobb角、视觉模拟疼痛评分(VAS)及肢体运动功能评分(FMA)。结果观察组肌群肌力优于对照组(P<0.05);Cobb角、VAS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05),FMA评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论青少年特发性脊柱侧弯(AIS)患儿采用核心肌力训练干预效果明显,可有效提升患儿肌群肌力水平,改善Cobb角,降低疼痛感,促进患儿运动功能恢复。     

Evaluation of the efficacy of a carbon brace ("Corset monocoque carbone respectant la respiration" [CMCR]) preserving lung capacity to treat idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents: a retrospective study of 115 patients]

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate whether treatment with a carbon brace (CMCR) stops the progression of idiopathic scoliosis in children and adolescents affected by combined or thoraco-lumbar scoliosis. METHOD: We compared clinical features (hump and vital capacity) and radiolographic data (Cobb angle, sacral slope, lumbar lordosis and thoracic kyphosis) at brace set-up and removal in 115 children and adolescents with combined or thoraco-lumbar scoliosis. The impact of the brace was evaluated in 2 subgroups: patients who started the treatment at Risser stages 0, 1 or 2 and those who started the treatment at Risser stages 3 or 4. With 95 patients, a questionnaire was used to evaluate the physical and psychological tolerance of the brace and technical difficulties during treatment with the orthosis. RESULTS: At brace set-up, the immediate angular correction was about 50% compared to the pre-brace angle; the reduction of the vital capacity was weak. After brace removal, radiographic data showed significant improvement in thoraco-lumbar scoliosis and in the lumbar curve of patients with combined scoliosis, although the thoracic curvature of the combined scoliosis was unchanged. No significant efficiency on the hump was observed. CONCLUSION: The CMCR brace can stop the progression of moderate combined or thoraco-lumbar scoliosis in growing children and adolescents, with little consequence to vital capacity, but seems to have no efficacy on the hump. This type of orthosis provides a better outcome in terms of thoracic mobility and vital capacity. The CMCR brace is indicated for children and growing teenagers with flexible, progressive scoliosis. This "mobile" brace definitely has its place in the current therapeutic arsenal.     

运动干预青少年脊柱侧弯Cobb角的变化

背景：青少年脊柱侧弯康复目前有许多方法,但针对患者的病症,以功能能力为目标运动疗法报道不多。目的：观察分析运动干预对青少年脊柱侧弯Cobb角恢复的疗效。方法：对1例15岁青少年脊柱侧弯患者做干预前拍摄X射线片,测量Cobb角度,确定弯屈的位置,根据弯曲位置确定相关肌肉,设计出功能动作,进行针对练习和运动模式练习。运动干预包括：①左腿跨侧栏练习。②左腿侧够橡皮筋练习（左手拉下高于头的皮筋,在橡皮筋弹性回落时及时用脚踝勾住。要求左侧腰部肌肉要及时收缩）。③舞蹈的扒杆动作练习（左侧）：擦地练习、划圈练习、小踢腿练习和蹲练习。④左侧侧压腿练习（拉伸右侧肌肉）。⑤直臂侧下拉皮带（双侧的背阔肌）。⑥俯卧沙袋提拉。⑦左侧单臂悬垂练习。⑧垫上运动：前、后滚翻,肩肘倒立起。⑨腹肌练习（正、侧转）。⑩教了4套韵律体操组合。所有的练习都在音乐控制下完成。共干预约50次,1—1．5h,次,时间为两个半月。再次拍摄X射线片观察Cobb角的改变,观察干预前后患侧神经肌肉功能的进步情况。结果与结论：通过两个半月,约50次（每次1．0-1．5h）训练,使患者的Cobb角34°回到28°,专科医生建议可不用戴支具。说明运动干预对青少年脊柱侧弯Cobb角恢复效果显著。     

Bracing for neuromuscular scoliosis: Orthosis construction to improve the patient's function

Purpose. To present technical particularities of construction and application of trunk orthosis in non-ambulatory patients with severe neuromuscular spinal deformity. Unlike in the idiopathic scoliosis, the aim of bracing was not morphological (decrease of Cobb angle) but functional.

Methods. Specially designed orthosis, resting against the seat, not leaned against the pelvic, partially suspending the trunk, was applied to 45 children aged 2.0 – 15.0 years. The construction of the orthosis, based on the achievements of the Society of Scoliosis Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Treatment SOSORT, is presented, and the technical details of manufacturing are discussed and illustrated with clinical cases.

Results. The orthosis was able to partially correct the spinal curvature and pelvic obliquity, provide stable sitting position, balance the trunk, facilitate breathing, discharge the abdomen, unload soft tissues of the buttocks. Complications comprised skin intolerance in 36 patients, requiring modification of orthosis, and progression of the curve under orthotic management in 22 children, requiring surgical indication. None of the patients reported worsening of the subjective symptoms of the respiratory discomfort while sitting in the orthosis.

Conclusion. Correctly designed and fitted, the orthosis can markedly improve the function, prevent some of threatening complications and partially postpone the need for surgical treatment.     

脊柱侧凸矫形预测方法评价

背景传统评价脊柱侧凸的方法有多种,例如仰卧位像、牵引像、俯卧位推压像以及侧方弯曲像等.近年来,支点弯曲像已成为术前评价脊柱柔韧度的新方法.目的比较站立位弯曲像、悬吊牵引像和支点弯曲像对脊柱侧凸矫形的预测作用与价值.设计随机对照研究.地点和对象研究在北京协和医院骨科完成.对象为该科收治的胸椎侧凸畸形患者27例,男10例,女17例;平均年龄15.4岁.干预全部病例术前行脊柱正侧位、站立位弯曲像、悬吊牵引像和支点弯曲像检查,采用后路脊柱侧凸矫形植骨融合术,第3代节段性内固定系统固定.主要观察指标脊柱正侧位、站立位弯曲像、悬吊牵引像和支点弯曲像以及术后正位像的Cobb角.结果①术后平均Cobb角为31°,较术前胸弯(平均Cobb角为61°)明显改善(t=1.706,P＜0.01),平均矫正率为51.6%.②3种检查方法均与术后胸弯Cobb角呈正相关(P＜0.01).③Fulcrum像与术后Cobb角差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05),其他两种方法与术后Cobb角差异有非常显著性意义(P＜0.01).结论①Fulcrum像可以用于评价胸弯的柔韧度,其效果优于站立位Bending像和悬吊牵引像.②分析脊柱侧凸畸形及预测脊柱侧凸的矫形需联合应用3种方法.     

特发性脊柱侧凸椎旁肌组织Bcl-2蛋白表达及细胞凋亡的研究

背景特发性脊柱侧凸的病因学尚不十分清楚,已有几位学者发现在特发性脊柱侧凸的产生与进展中椎旁肌肉可能是重要的致病因素之一,因此,椎旁肌在脊柱侧凸中作用已经成为研究热点.目的本研究通过比较脊柱侧凸患者胸弯顶点处凸侧、凹侧椎旁肌的Bcl-2,Caspase-3及bcl-x表达的差异,以从分子生物学角度探讨椎旁肌在脊柱侧凸中的可能的作用机制.设计随机对照研究.地点和对象在北京协和医院骨科完成.对照组为胸腰椎爆裂骨折患者2例.研究组为胸椎侧凸畸形患者10例,男2例,女8例;年龄12-17岁(平均14.3岁).平均Cobb角57.7°(范围45°～85°).干预手术中,于T6～T11椎体水平的侧弯顶椎水平取双侧椎旁肌部分组织甲醛固定,行苏木精-伊红(HE)染色;其余组织冰冻,进行免疫组织化学及Western印迹杂交.主要观察指标①脊柱侧凸凸侧、凹侧椎旁肌组织中Bcl-2的表达.②椎旁肌组织肌纤维形态.③椎旁肌肌细胞的凋亡情况.结果脊柱侧凸患者凸侧肌肉组织Bcl-2蛋白的表达量降低.脊柱侧凸患者及正常对照椎旁肌肉组织均存在个别细胞的凋亡,二者无明显差异.凸侧肌纤维比其凹侧及正常对照的肌纤维明显变细.结论神经-肌肉异常所致的椎旁肌的不对称有可能是特发性脊柱侧凸发生发展的一个重要因素,而这种不对称很可能与Bcl-2表达不对称相关.     

先天性脊柱侧弯后路融合术后康复的远期疗效 .

Accordingtoreports，theincidencerateofcongenitalspinaldeformityis５．１９％inourcountry，andinthepatients，２３．８％requiredsurgerytreatment．Congenitalscoliosisismostfrequentonekindsofcongenitalspinaldeformity．Becausetherearenumerouspopulationinourcountry，theabsolutequantityofthepatientswithcongenitalscoliosisisverylarge．Itisveryimportantforimprove－mentoflivingqualitywhenpatientsarematuretoperformearlydi－agnosisandearlytreatment，preventtheoccurrenceofseverecom－plicationsinlateperiodan…     

重度特发性胸腰段脊柱侧凸患者应用前后路手术联合内固定的疗效及预后

目的探讨重度特发性胸腰段脊柱侧凸患者应用前后路手术联合内固定的疗效及预后。方法选择60例重度特发性胸腰段脊柱侧凸患者,随机分为2组。前后路组患者给予前后路联合内固定术,后路组患者给予后路联合内固定术。观察2组患者治疗情况、术前术后指标变化及随访情况。结果 2组患者手术时间、出血量、住院时间比较有显著差异(P0.05);2组患者融合节段无显著差异(P0.05)。2组术后主弯Cobb角、后凸角及躯干偏移均有显著改善(P0.05)。2组末次随访主弯Cobb角丢失度数、后凸丢失度数、主弯Cobb角矫正率、后凸矫正率无显著差异(P0.05)。结论前后路联合内固定术与后路联合内固定术对重度特发性胸腰段脊柱侧凸患者治疗效果相当,后路联合内固定术手术时间与住院时间更短,但出血量更大,风险更高。     

脊柱侧凸特定性训练对轻度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸的治疗价值

  目的  观察脊柱侧凸特定性训练(scoliosis specific exercise, SSE)对轻度青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, AIS)的矫正效果。  方法  回顾性收集2016年1月至3月, 在北京协和医院确诊并开始在物理医学康复科门诊接受SSE矫形治疗的轻度AIS患者临床资料。比较患者治疗前后Cobb角和轴向躯干旋转(axial trunk rotation, ATR)角, 采用脊柱侧凸研究学会患者问卷-22 (Scoliosis Research Society Patient Questionnaire-22, SRS-22)分析患者对治疗效果的主观评价。  结果  共31例符合纳入和排除标准的患者入选本研究。患者治疗后Cobb角和ATR角均较治疗前减小(Cobb角:16.29°±5.05°比19.23°±2.85°, t=2.955, P=0.006;ATR角:5.97°±2.22°比7.16°±1.66°, t=4.799, P=0.000)。SRS-22量表评分中, 治疗后满意度评分较治疗前显著增加[5.0(4.0, 5.0)分比3.0(3.0, 3.0)分, Z=0.000, P < 0.05]。  结论  SSE能延缓甚至改善轻度AIS患者的脊柱畸形。