替硝唑治疗牙周炎及冠周炎50例

口腔厌氧菌特别是牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、梭杆菌等革兰氏阴性的无芽胞厌氧菌是牙周炎和冠周炎的主要病原菌,所以抗厌氧苗的硝基咪唑类药物甲硝唑(metmn idazde,MNZ)被作为首选药物用于治疗牙周炎和冠周炎[1,2],临床用甲硝唑捧治疗牙周炎和冠周炎取得较好效果.     

替硝唑治疗牙周炎及冠周炎50例

口腔厌氧菌特别是牙龈卟啉单胞菌、中间普氏菌、梭杆菌等革兰氏阴性的无芽胞厌氧菌是牙周炎和冠周炎的主要病原菌,所以抗厌氧苗的硝基咪唑类药物甲硝唑（metmn idazde,MNZ）被作为首选药物用于治疗牙周炎和冠周炎[1,2],临床用甲硝唑捧治疗牙周炎和冠周炎取得较好效果。替硝唑（tinjdazole,TNZ）是5一硝基咪唑类新药,其抗厌氧菌作用为甲硝唑的2～4倍[3]。笔者应用替硝唑片对50例牙周炎或冠周炎患者进行治疗,并作疗效观察。     

中华制药厂开发治疗牙周炎控释药膜

中华制药厂开发治疗牙周炎控释药膜由上海中华制药厂、上海市第九人民医院的科研人员根据牙周炎和牙髓根尖周病的发病率高的现象，共同开发研制成功了甲硝唑控释药膜。该药系选用甲硝唑和高分子等原料制成的控释药膜。临床上适用于牙周炎、牙周脓肿、冠周炎、牙髓根尖周炎...     

水蛭素缓释,控释给经系统的研究进展

水蛭素是新型高效抗凝抗血栓药物，正被开发成不同缓释、控释系统，用于人体血栓的预防和治疗。本文将对几种常见的控释系统进行概述，特别地水蛭素一生物可降解一的支架的特点，功效以及对冠脉病变部位揎位释放进介绍，这种控释系统对ＰＴＣＡ术后的再栓塞具有很好的疗效。     

水蛭素缓释、控释给药系统的研究进展

水蛭素是新型高效抗凝抗血栓药物，正被开发成不同缓释、控释系统，用于人体血栓的预防和治疗。本文将对几种常见的控释系统进行概述，特别对水蛭素一生物可降解聚合的支架（ｓｔｅｎｔ）的特点，功效以及对冠脉病变部位的定位释放进行介绍，这种控释系统对ＰＴＣＡ术后的再栓塞具有很好的疗效。     

口服缓释、控释制剂的常用技术及临床应用

背景：新型缓释、控释制剂加速药物制剂的研究速度,使得药物剂型及制剂质量不断提高。 目的：分析了目前临床上常用的口服缓释、控释制剂的常用技术及临床应用情况。 方法：以“缓释,控释,生物制药,药物载体,高分子材料”或“delayed release,drug delivery carrier,polymer material;controlled release”为检索词,应用计算机检索CNKI和PubMed数据库中2000-02/2011-04关于口服缓释、控释药物的相关文章。选入文章内容与高分子药用材料及缓释、控释药物制剂技术及和临床应用有关,排除重复研究。 结果与结论：理想的剂型是指药物对靶部位选择性高,且能推迟必要的药效时间,迅速而完全地排泄,尽量不对其他脏器与组织产生不良反应。在缓释制剂的设计中,需要充分考虑药物的水溶性、油水分配系数、化学稳定性以及蛋白结合率等理化性质和生物学性质对缓释制剂释药行为的控制;生理因素对缓释制剂的设计,如给药部位、胃肠蠕动、首过效应、血流供应、患者疾病状态、药物作用的靶器官等也需考虑。     

复方磺胺嘧啶锌凝胶与传统硫酸镁湿敷治疗渗漏性静脉炎的疗效对比

目的：对比复方磺胺嘧啶锌凝胶与传统方法硫酸镁湿敷治疗渗漏性静脉炎的效果，探讨能够缓解静脉炎症状更好更快的有效方法，进而为临床工作提供相应的理论依据。方法将2011年5月至2012年3月确诊为2级渗漏性静脉炎患者28例设为观察组，采用复方磺胺嘧啶锌凝胶直接、均匀涂抹患处，1次／d，厚度约0．15～0．3 mm，患处及药物暴露，约10 min后成膜；将2012年4月至2013年3月确诊为2级渗漏性静脉炎患者27例设为对照组，应用50％的硫酸镁湿敷病变部位，使用50％的硫酸镁将双层干纱布浸湿，拧成不滴水状，直接敷于患处，1次／d10两组均以48 h为1个疗程。应用疼痛数字评分法（NRS）评估比较观察组与对照组用药前及用药后24、48 h患者疼痛评分；应用标记法测量并记录用药前及用药后24、48 h患者局部红肿面积。两组患者疼痛评分与局部红肿面积两个指标均行t检验进行比较。结果观察组用药前、用药后24、48 h患者疼痛评分分别为（3．68±1．09）分、（1．71±1．21）分、（0．71±0．76）分；对照组用药前、用药后24、48 h患者疼痛评分分别为（3．89±1．21）分、（1．93±1．16）分、（0．85±0．94）分，两组患者用药后48 h疼痛评分比较，差异无统计学意义（t＝－0．668，P＝0．506）。观察组用药前、用药后24、48 h 局部红肿面积分别为（9．39±7．86）cm2、（3．61±3．50）cm2、（1．07±1．25）cm2；对照组用药前、用药后24、48 h局部红肿面积分别为（9．74±7．24）cm2、（5．89±5．97）cm2、（3．26±3．86）cm2，两组患者用药后48 h局部红肿面积比较，差异有统计学意义（t＝－2．913，P＝0．005）。结论采用复方磺胺嘧啶锌涂膜治疗2级渗漏性静脉炎，对红肿面积消退的疗效明显高于传统硫酸镁湿敷。     

四环素类药物对牙周炎治疗作用的研究进展

牙周炎主要是由特异性微生物的龈下感染所致，表现为牙周组织炎症和牙槽骨吸收。传统的牙周治疗是采用机械疗法清除局部刺激物。这种外科性质的清创术只能去除附着性菌斑，对于非附着性菌斑则未能奏效。四环素类药物近十多年来国内临床很少应用，近期国外学者认为盐酸四环素是牙周炎化学疗法的首选药物。四环素对牙周炎的治疗作用具有如下特点：（１）有效抑制龈下菌斑中致牙周炎的革兰氏阴性菌：（２）在龈沟液中的浓度明显高于其血清浓度；（３）易于吸附于牙根表面，然后以活性形式缓慢释放，从而延长作用时间。四环素还具有调节宿主反应…     

口腔急症之疼痛322例病因分析及治疗干预

目的：通过分析口腔科急症之疼痛的病因和处理方法,探寻更完善的治疗技巧。方法按照临床就诊主诉,对疼痛的322例患者病因及疼痛分级进行分析,并对牙周炎、冠周炎、粘膜溃疡、根尖炎、牙髓炎等采用传统或改进的治疗方法进行处理。结果通过对口腔科疼痛的分析,认为牙龈牙周疾病患者就诊率较高,牙髓牙根尖疾病次之;采取规范治疗和有效干预,明显提高了疗效。结论公众对口腔健康的认识明显提高,在处理口腔科疼痛时可采用更有效地的干预和治疗。     

康复新液治疗智齿冠周炎的临床疗效

目的对康复新液治疗智齿冠周炎的疗效进行评价分析。方法我科近年来共收治84例智齿冠周炎患者，随机分为对照组和观察组，对两组患者进行冠周冲洗后，对照组患者使用碘甘油对炎症部位进行治疗，观察组患者使用康复新液来治疗炎症部位，在用药前后观察两组患者智齿冠周炎的发展情况。结果观察组患者的康复率为78.6%、总好转率为97.6%；对照组患者的康复率为42.9%、总好转率为76.2%，两组对比具有统计学意义(<0.05)。结论康复新液具有安全有效的特点，能减轻患者的痛苦，缩短治疗时间，因此使用康复新液治疗智齿冠周炎能有效改善患者的病情。     

Effect of sodium succinate on gas exchange in rats with barbiturate-induced coma

Injection of sodium succinate in doses of 5 or 10 mmol/kg (but not 1 mmol/kg) intensified oxygen consumption in rats with sodium thiopental-induced coma. Injection of SDH inhibitor (sodium malonate) inhibited gas exchange and abolished the effect of sodium succinate. The effect of succinate on rat survival was positive, while that of malonate was negative, but manifested only as a trend. The critical role of succinate oxidation in preventing lethal complications of barbiturate-induced coma is proved.     

Passive cation permeability of turtle colon: Evidence for a negative interaction between intracellular sodium and apical sodium permeability

The role of intracellular sodium in the regulation of apical sodium permeability was investigated in an electrically tight epithelium, the turtle colon. In the presence of low mucosal sodium (3 mM) and serosal ouabain, an inhibitor of the basolateral sodium pump, the apical membrane retained a substantial amiloride-sensitive, sodium conductance and the basolateral membrane exhibited a barium-sensitive potassium conductance in parallel with a significant sodium (and lithium) conductance. In the presence of a high mucosal sodium concentration (114 mM), however, inhibition of active sodium absorption by ouabain led to a disappearance of the amiloride-sensitive, transepithelial conductance that was due, at least in part, to a virtual abolition of the apical sodium permeability. Two lines of evidence indicate that this permeability decrease was dependent upon an increase in intracellular sodium content. First, raising the mucosal sodium concentration from 3–114 mM in the presence of ouabain reversibly inhibited the amiloride-sensitive conductance. The time course of the decline in conductance paralleled the apparent intracellular accumulation of sodium in exchange for potassium, which was monitored as a transient deflection in the amiloride-sensitive, short-circuit current. Second, the inhibitory effect of mucosal sodium-addition was markedly attenuated by serosal barium, which prevented the accumulation of sodium by blocking the electrically coupled, basolateral potassium exit. These results support the notion of a negative feedback effect of intracellular sodium on the apical sodium permeability.     

复方哌拉西林钠一般药理研究

目的：观察静脉注射用哌拉西林钠／舒巴坦钠（4：1）对动物的神经系统、心血管系统、呼吸系统的影响。方法：以不同剂量对小鼠和麻醉犬静脉注射哌拉西林钠／舒巴坦钠（4：1），同时设阴性对照，并观察记录多项指标。结果：静脉注射哌拉西林钠／舒巴坦钠（4：1）1250mg/kg,625mg/kg，312.5mg/kg，对小鼠自主活动无明显影响（P＞0．05）；在625、312．5、156．3mg/kg时对小鼠戊巴比妥钠阈下催眠剂量无明显影响（P＞0．05）；而在626、312．5、156．3mg/kg对麻醉犬的血压、心率及心电图无明显影响，对呼吸的频率和深度也无明显影响（P＞0．05）。结论：该复方对中枢神经系统、心血管系统及呼吸系统在所试剂量无明显影响。     

Inverse Association between Sodium Channel-Blocking Antiepileptic Drug Use and Cancer: Data Mining of Spontaneous Reporting and Claims Databases

Purpose: Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are drug targets for the treatment of epilepsy. Recently, a decreased risk of cancer associated with sodium channel-blocking antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) has become a research focus of interest. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the use of sodium channel-blocking AEDs are inversely associated with cancer, using different methodologies, algorithms, and databases.Methods: A total of 65,146,507 drug-reaction pairs from the first quarter of 2004 through the end of 2013 were downloaded from the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System. The reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC) were used to detect an inverse association between AEDs and cancer. Upper limits of the 95% confidence interval (CI) of < 1 and < 0 for the ROR and IC, respectively, signified inverse associations. Furthermore, using a claims database, which contains 3 million insured persons, an event sequence symmetry analysis (ESSA) was performed to identify an inverse association between AEDs and cancer over the period of January 2005 to May 2014. The upper limit of the 95% CI of adjusted sequence ratio (ASR) < 1 signified an inverse association.Results: In the FAERS database analyses, significant inverse associations were found between sodium channel-blocking AEDs and individual cancers. In the claims database analyses, sodium channel-blocking AED use was inversely associated with diagnoses of colorectal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and hematological malignancies, with ASRs of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.60 - 0.86), 0.65 (0.51 - 0.81), 0.80 (0.65 - 0.98), and 0.50 (0.37 - 0.66), respectively. Positive associations between sodium channel-blocking AEDs and cancer were not found in the study.Conclusion: Multi-methodological approaches using different methodologies, algorithms, and databases suggest that sodium channel-blocking AED use is inversely associated with colorectal cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, and hematological malignancies.     

NaCl味觉刺激对钠缺乏大鼠臂旁核c-fos表达的影响

目的:探讨臂旁核(PBN)在钠平衡行为调节中的作用。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠20只,分为对照组、糖精溶液口腔灌流组(Sac组)、NaCl溶液口腔灌流组(NaCl组)、注射furosemide后NaCl溶液口腔灌流组(Furo-NaCl组),观察大鼠对味刺激的摄取反应和各组PBN各亚核内c-fos表达水平差异。结果:正常大鼠对糖精溶液显示嗜好性反应,对NaCl溶液显示厌恶性反应,但钠缺乏大鼠对NaCl也表现出嗜好性摄取反应。Sac组PBN各亚核内c-fos表达水平均高于对照组;NaCl刺激增加内侧亚核(ms)内的c-fos表达,但减少外部外侧亚核(els)内的c-fos表达;Furo- NaCl组els和中央外侧亚核(cls)内c-fos表达显著高于其他3组,ms内的c-fos表达低于NaCl组,但仍高于对照组和Sac组。结论:els和cls在钠平衡的味觉嗜好调节中发挥重要作用。     

Late Na+ current produced by human cardiac Na+ channel isoform Nav1.5 is modulated by its β1 subunit

Experimental data accumulated over the past decade show the emerging importance of the late sodium current (I _NaL) for the function of both normal and, especially, failing myocardium, in which I _NaL is reportedly increased. While recent molecular studies identified the cardiac Na⁺ channel (NaCh) α subunit isoform (Na_v1.5) as a major contributor to I _NaL, the molecular mechanisms underlying alterations of I _NaL in heart failure (HF) are still unknown. Here we tested the hypothesis that I _NaL is modulated by the NaCh auxiliary β subunits. tsA201 cells were transfected simultaneously with human Na_v1.5 (former hH1a) and cardiac β₁ or β₂ subunits, and whole-cell patch-clamp experiments were performed. We found that I _NaL decay kinetics were significantly slower in cells expressing α + β₁ (time constant τ = 0.73 ± 0.16 s, n = 14, mean ± SEM, P < 0.05) but remained unchanged in cells expressing α + β₂ (τ = 0.52 ± 0.09 s, n = 5), compared with cells expressing Na_v1.5 alone (τ = 0.54 ± 0.09 s, n = 20). Also, β₁, but not β₂, dramatically increased I _NaL relative to the maximum peak current, I _NaT (2.3 ± 0.48%, n = 14 vs. 0.48 ± 0.07%, n = 6, P < 0.05, respectively) and produced a rightward shift of the steady-state availability curve. We conclude that the auxiliary β₁ subunit modulates I _NaL, produced by the human cardiac Na⁺ channel Na_v1.5 by slowing its decay and increasing I _NaL amplitude relative to I _NaT. Because expression of Na_v1.5 reportedly decreases but β₁ remains unchanged in chronic HF, the relatively higher expression of β₁ may contribute to the known I _NaL increase in HF via the modulation mechanism found in this study. Electronic supplementary material  The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Sodium bicarbonate versus isotonic saline solution to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy : a systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction:

Contrast-induced nephropathy is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury and increased hospital-acquired morbidity and mortality. The use of sodium bicarbonate for nephroprotection has emerged as a preventative strategy; however, its efficacy is controversial compared to other strategies, such as hydration using 0.9% saline solution.

Objective:

To compare the effectiveness of sodium bicarbonate vs. hydration using 0.9% saline solution to prevent contrast-induced acute kidney injury.

Methods:

A systematic review of studies registered in the COCHRANE, PUBMED, MEDLINE, LILACS, SCIELO and EMBASE databases was conducted. Randomized controlled studies that evaluated the use of 0.9% saline solution vs. sodium bicarbonate to prevent contrast-induced nephropathy were included.

Results:

A total of 22 studies (5,686 patients) were included. Sodium bicarbonate did not decrease the risk of contrast-induced nephropathy (RD= 0.00; 95% CI= -0.02 to 0.03; p= 0.83; I²= 0%). No significant differences were found in the demand for renal replacement therapy (RD= 0.00; 95% CI= -0.01 to 0-01; I²= 0%; p= 0.99) or in mortality (RD= -0.00; 95% CI= -0.001 to 0.001; I²= 0%; p= 0.51).

Conclusions:

Sodium bicarbonate administration is not superior to the use of 0.9% saline solution for preventing contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with risk factors, nor is it better at reducing mortality or the need for renal replacement therapy.     

Influence of dehydrocholate sodium on the biliary reabsorption of sulfobromophthalein sodium from the rat biliary tree after retrograde intrabiliary injection

Summary Biliary re-excretion of sulfobromophthalein sodium (BSP) (1.2 µmol/rat) after retrograde intrabiliary injection is markedly inhibited by dehydrocholate sodium (Decholin) given intravenously as a constant infusion (3.1 µmol/min/kg body weight) or as a bolus injection (24.8 µmol/rat) to rats. Most interestingly Decholin demonstrates the same inhibitory effects on the biliary re-excretion of BSP when it is administered by retrograde intrabiliary injection (24.8 µmol/rat) together with the dye. In contrast to the inhibition of biliary re-excretion of BSP its biliary reabsorption from the biliary tract seems to be rather increased: about 80–85% of 1.2 µmol BSP are reabsorbed in all sets of experiments with Decholin in comparison to about 65% to the control group. Combined with histological data it is suggested that reabsorption of BSP after retrograde intrabiliary injection occurs at the ductular site whereas re-excretion takes place at the cannalicular membrane of the hepatocyte.