肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗

目的探讨手术治疗肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓的效果。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2006年3月共5例肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,男3例,女2例,平均49.8岁。5例均为右侧,肾静脉型(Ⅰ型)1例,肝下型(Ⅱ型)2例,肝内型(Ⅲ型)2例。均行肾癌根治性切除加下腔静脉切开取栓术。结果1例因癌栓脱落引起肺栓塞术中死亡外,余4例手术顺利。1例癌栓侵犯腔静脉壁,术后局部复发和肺部转移,17个月死亡。其余3例分别随访7个月、9个月、23个月,均未发现肿瘤复发和远处转移。结论对于未发现有远处转移的肾癌下腔静脉癌栓,肾癌根治性切除加下腔静脉切开取栓术是积极有效的治疗方法。     

舒尼替尼致转移性肾细胞癌患者甲状腺功能异常的临床分析

目的 总结接受舒尼替尼治疗的转移性肾细胞癌患者的甲状腺功能变化规律,评价舒尼替尼对甲状腺功能的影响.方法 前瞻性收集北京大学第一医院泌尿外科2008 年6 月至2010 年4 月37 例转移性肾细胞癌接受舒尼替尼治疗的患者的临床资料,其中22 例患者于基线及每个治疗周期第28 天进行甲状腺功能检测.对甲状腺功能异常发生情况进行分析.结果 22 例患者接受舒尼替尼的中位治疗时间为7 个周期(10.5 个月),共18 例(81.8%)患者出现甲状腺功能减低,其中亚临床甲状腺功能减低14 例(63.6%),临床甲状腺功能减低4 例(18.2%),予左旋甲状腺素片替代治疗;6 例(27.3%)患者出现一过性亚临床甲状腺毒症后转为甲状腺功能减退,无持续甲状腺功能亢进患者.甲状腺功能减低的风险随舒尼替尼用药时间延长而增加,出现甲状腺功能减退的中位时间为3 个周期(1 ～7个周期).治疗3 个周期内,50.0%(11/22 例)的患者出现甲状腺功能减退;4 ～6个周期时,约72.7%(16/22 例)患者出现甲状腺功能减退.结论 舒尼替尼致甲状腺功能减退的发生率较高,程度可较严重,应引起临床重视.舒尼替尼相关性甲状腺功能减退可以用激素替代进行治疗,因此应避免舒尼替尼减量或停药.     

Intraoperative transesophageal sonographic monitoring of tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava during radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy for renal cell carcinoma

We report the case of a 58-year-old woman with renal cell carcinoma in whom real-time transesophageal sonographic monitoring of the tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava provided dynamic information, allowing us to determine the appropriate operative procedure to use. Observation of the thrombus throughout the operation showed that mobilization of the liver resulted in compression of the inferior vena cava against the spine, increasing the risk of migration of the tumor thrombus and reinforcing the need to maintain adequate positioning of the liver to prevent such compression. The surgery was completed successfully, and the patient's postoperative course was uneventful. We recommend the use of real-time transesophageal sonographic monitoring of the tumor thrombus during such surgical procedures.     

肾癌并肝下型下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗并文献复习

目的探讨肾细胞癌并下腔静脉癌栓的手术治疗方法。方法回顾性分析6例经手术及病理证实的肾细胞癌并肝下型下腔静脉癌栓患者的临床资料,所有病例均行根治性肾切除并癌栓切除术,分别采用下腔静脉切开、下腔静脉部分切除和节段性下腔静脉切除三种方法取出癌栓。结果 6例手术均获成功,无大出血、肺梗塞等并发症,术后患者恢复良好。其中2例分别于术后38个月和76个月死亡,3例仍健在,平均存活时间为54个月,1例术后18个月后失访。结论右肾癌并下腔静脉癌栓患者下腔静脉节段性切除能够安全地进行,根治性肾切除并癌栓切除术能够使患者获得长期存活。     

Portal venous tumor thrombus associated with hepatic metastasis of renal cell carcinoma: case report

We report a case of liver metastasis of renal cell carcinoma with portal venous tumor thrombus. Abdominal computed tomographic images showed a large hepatic mass that enhanced slightly during arterial phase. Multiple hypoattenuating lesions were seen in the intrahepatic portal venous branches and were traced directly from the mass. The histologic specimen confirmed metastatic liver tumor of renal cell carcinoma with portal venous tumor thrombus.     

舒尼替尼和索拉非尼一线治疗转移性肾细胞癌的疗效评估和比较

目的：探讨舒尼替尼和索拉非尼一线治疗转移性肾细胞癌的疗效。方法：回顾性分析2009年6月至2017年6月149例经舒尼替尼治疗、112例经索拉非尼治疗的转移性肾细胞癌患者的临床资料。治疗方案：舒尼替尼50 mg,每日1次,口服,治疗4周停2周,6周为1个周期;索拉非尼400 mg,每日2次,口服,1个月为1个周期。每1个周期进行1次安全性评估,每2个周期进行1次疗效评价。索拉非尼治疗患者病情进展而耐受良好时,增加药物剂量。结果：索拉非尼、舒尼替尼治疗后患者的中位无进展生存时间(progression free survival, PFS)分别为15.5、20个月,中位总生存时间(overall survival, OS)分别为31.5、36个月,差异均无统计学意义。随访3~96个月,索拉非尼组疾病控制率为63.4%,舒尼替尼组疾病控制率为83.2%。舒尼替尼疾病控制率优于索拉非尼(P<0.001)。两种药物的不良反应均可控且患者可耐受。结论：舒尼替尼和索拉非尼治疗转移性肾细胞癌疗效均较好,舒尼替尼疾病控制率更优,两种药物的不良反应均可控。     

多排螺旋CT多期增强扫描对肾癌肾静脉瘤栓的诊断价值

目的 评价多排螺旋CT多期增强扫描在肾癌肾静脉瘤栓诊断中的价值.方法 22例经手术病理证实的肾癌患者,均于术前行多排螺旋CT增强扫描,观察肾静脉内和下腔静脉内有无瘤栓及瘤栓的范围,并与手术结果进行对照.评价CT对肾静脉和下腔静脉的显示情况.结果 22例患者,均为单侧肾癌.手术病理共发现22处肾静脉瘤栓和8例下腔静脉内瘤栓.CT对肾癌瘤栓的检出率为100%.CT诊断22支肾静脉内有瘤栓,8支下腔静脉内有瘤栓.结论 多排螺旋CT增强扫描对肾癌瘤栓的诊断具有较高的临床价值.     

Early detection of renal cell carcinoma by ultrasonographic screening--based on the results of 13 years screening in Japan

Abdominal ultrasonographic (US) screening of 219,640 persons has been performed in the past 13 y, and 723 (0.33%) cases of malignant neoplasm were detected. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) was detected in 192 cases (0.09% of the examinees). In almost all cases of RCC, no symptoms were evident and no abnormalities were detected in the blood chemistry tests or urinalyses. A total of 189 cases (98%) were resected curatively, and 38% of the tumors were less than 25 mm in size (T1). With respect to pTNM classification, 35% were pT1 and 52% were pT2. No metastasis to the lymph nodes or other organs was found in any case. The cumulative survival rate for cases resected was 97% at 5 y, and 95% at 10 y. Regarding US features of RCC, the internal echo pattern of half of T1 tumors showed homogeneous and hyperechoic, and became heterogeneous as they grew. Other notable US findings in cases of RCC were marginal hypoechoic zone (29%), anechoic component in the tumor (23%), and protrusion from the kidney (85%, 71% of the T1 tumors). US screening is useful for detection of RCC in the early stage. However, to detect small tumors, it is very important to know well the US features of RCC. For cost-effectiveness analysis, it is more effective to examine, not only the kidney, but other abdominal organs. It is expected that many other abdominal cancers, such as hepatocellular carcinoma, gallbladder cancer, pancreatic cancer, and so on, could be found in the early stage by broad implementation of US screening.     

肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓27例围术期护理

目的:探讨肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者围术期的护理方法.方法:对27例肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者做好术前、术中及术后护理.结果:本组痊愈出院26例,死亡1例.结论:对肾癌伴下腔静脉癌栓患者进行完善的围术期护理,可提高手术成功率,降低并发症的发生,改善患者生存质量.