河南省环境天然电离辐射源所致公众剂量

本文作者根据我省环境贯穿辐射, 空气中氡浓度.食品和饮水中天然放射性核素台量的测定结果, 对全省公众所受天然电离辐射剂量进行了估算.结果表明。字宙线为303μSv·a^-1, 地球Y辐射577μSv·a^-1, 氧氲子体1057μSv·a^-1。天然放射性核素355μSv·a^-1, 总计全省人均有效剂量当量为229μSv·a^-1, 集体年有效剂量当量为1.7×10⁵man·Sv。     

陕西省氡浓度水平及内照射剂量研究

我们使用FDT-84型气球法测氡仪器, 以抓测方式, 对欧西省室内外氧及氧氲子休浓度进行了4500次采样测量, 同时,给出西安地区氧的昼夜、季节及高度变化规律。估算出居民成人年有效剂量当量为1.73mSv·a^-1,全省居民集体年有效剂量当量为5.09×10⁴man·Sv·a^-1.浓度水平及剂 量在UVSCEAR近年报告书中各国水平之间,属正常本底范围.     

我国天然环境电离辐射外照射剂量的调查与评价

本文介绍了我国天然辐射外照射水平及其所致的居民剂量。测量仪器是国产FD-7l型闪烁辐射仪和美制RSS-111型高压电离室。室外调查点共38611个, 室内点共53952个,道路共37727个。相应的天然γ辐射水平人口加权平均值分别为8.03×10^-3Gyh^-1、11.95×10^-3Gyh^-1和7.95×10^-3膏Gyh^-1室外宇宙射线电离成分空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值为3.30×10^-3Gyh^-1,室内为3.00×10^-3Gyh^-1.天然外照射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为952μsv,集体年有效剂量当量为9.6×10^-3man·sv,天然γ辐射对有效剂量当量的贡献占72%,宇宙射线电离成分占28%。     

秦山核电站运行前周围环境放射性调查和居民所受剂量估算

本文调查了1983～1988年秦山核电站周围5km、20km, 80km范围内天然辐射外照射水平,20km范围内的土壤、食品和水中总β、⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs活度.估算了当地居民所受的外照射剂量和因食入⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs造成的内剂量.结果表明:5km,20km和80km的天然辐射外照射剂量相近，其人均年有效剂量当量1.0mSv,由食品所致居民⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs的年有效剂量当量分别为0.62μSv.a^-1和0.19μSv.a^-1,其结果与浙江省全省环境调查结果基本一致.     

深圳特区及大亚湾核电站周围环境外照射水平及居民剂量评价

用RSS-111型高压电离室.FD-71型闪烁辐射仪和TLD测量了深圳特区及大亚湾核电站周围环境中曲γ辐射本底水平并估算了居民受照剂量.结果表明:深圳特区室外γ辐射平均空气吸收剂量率为:12.9×10^-8Gy·h^-1,室内γ辐射平均空气吸收剂量事为14.5×10^-8Gy·h^-1;大亚湾核电站周围环境室外γ辐射平均吸收剂量率为:14.4×10^-8Gy·h^-1.深圳特区天然本底辐射所致人均有效剂量当量和年集体有效剂量当量分别为1095μSv和219man·sV.     

甘肃省环境空气中222Rn及其子体水平

为评价甘肃省环境空气啐²²²Rn及其子体对公众的危害,我们用活性炭方法测量了全省1213个不同类型建筑物室内和217个室外空气中的²²²Rn浓度,用热释光剂量计测量了312个室内和44个室外空气峙²²²Rn浓度。结果表明: 室内、外²²²Rn浓度均呈对数正态分布,全省室内加权平²²²Rn浓度为39.3Bq·m^-3,室外为22.2Bq·m^-3,室内和室外氡及其子体问的平衡因子分别为0.38和0.54,公众室内居留因子为0.77,室内和室外²²²Rn子体的平均平衡当量浓度分别为14.9Bq·m^-3和12.0Bq·m^-3,公众年平均有效剂量当量为1.31mSv.     

湖北地区室内外空气中氡及氡衰变子体浓度的调查

用抓样调查法,在全省83个调查点,随机测定了380间房屋内的²²²Rn和1920间房屋内的²²²Rn子体潜能浓度。结果表明,它们的浓度频率分布近似对数正态分布；全省室内²²²Rn的几何均值为17.5Bq·m^-3222Rn子体潜能为2.1mWL; 90%以上被调查房间内的平衡等效²²²Rn浓度在16Bq·m^-3以下,超过46Bq·m^-3以上的房间只占1%,约半数房闻内的浓度在7.4mt·mq^-3以下。此外还测定了部分房屋内、外的。加的²²⁰Rn子俸潜能浓度。全省成人居民受室内、外²²²Rn和²²⁰Rn子体照射的人均年有效剂量当量为0.82mSv,集体年有效剂量当量约为4×10⁴人·Sv.     

中国环境天然贯穿辐射水平与评价

本文报告了我国天然贯穿辐射累积剂量调查结果。调查所用环境剂量计为国产ETLD一80型热释光环境剂量计。调查结果表明,我国室外地球γ 辐射空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值为6.7×10^-8Gy·h^-1,室内为3.9×10^-8Gy、h^-1,室外宇宙辐射电离成分宅气吸收剂量率人口托权均值为3.3×10^-8Gy·h^-1室内为2.9×10^-8Gy·h^-1.地球γ 辐射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为519μSv; 宇宙辐射电离成分所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为26lμSv.     

湖北省传统建筑材料的放射性水平及其剂量贡献

湖北省医学科学院放射防护研究所摘要: 本文报道了湖北省不同类型传统建筑材料中天然放射性核素的含量,平均镭当量浓度为0.58～5.25pCi·g^-1。发现古青砖中²²⁶Ra含量低于现代砖。实验砖漏结构房内²²²Rn的析出辜为8.4×10^-16Ci·m²·S^-1。室内、外照射的年有效剂量当量为1.25mSv,其中建材天然放射性核素的剂量贡献为0.74mSv。     

福建省土壤中放射性核素含量及其所致居民剂量

我们在全省9个地市采集土壤样品90个、用Ge(Li)γ谱仪测定了天然放射性核素²³⁸U、²²⁶Ra、²³²Th、⁴⁰K的比活度,平均值分别为56.6、68.5、111.8和606B q·kg^-1.根据土壤中天然放射性核素含量估算了地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值,室外和室内分别为11.1×10^-8Gy·h^-1和15.6X10^-8Gy·h^-1.²³⁸U系、²³²Th系和⁴⁰K对地表γ辐射空气吸收剂量率的相对贡献分别为18%、61%和21%.人均年有效剂量当量为901μSv,集体有效剂量当量为2.3X10⁴man·Sv.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.