江苏省环境氡及其子体浓度与所致居民内照射剂量估算

本文报道了江苏省室内、外空气中氡及其子体旅度水平与所致居民内照射剂量的估算结果。全省室内外氡及其子体α潜能浓度近似服从对数正态分布。室内外样品氡浓度的几何均值分别为13Bq·m^-3和9.9Bq·m^-3, 氧子体α潜能浓度的几何均值分别是3.4×10^-8J·m^-3和2.4×10^-8J·M^-3, 平衡因子F为0.42和0.49。因吸入氡子体所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为0.64mSv。     

我国天然环境电离辐射外照射剂量的调查与评价

本文介绍了我国天然辐射外照射水平及其所致的居民剂量。测量仪器是国产FD-7l型闪烁辐射仪和美制RSS-111型高压电离室。室外调查点共38611个, 室内点共53952个,道路共37727个。相应的天然γ辐射水平人口加权平均值分别为8.03×10^-3Gyh^-1、11.95×10^-3Gyh^-1和7.95×10^-3膏Gyh^-1室外宇宙射线电离成分空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值为3.30×10^-3Gyh^-1,室内为3.00×10^-3Gyh^-1.天然外照射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为952μsv,集体年有效剂量当量为9.6×10^-3man·sv,天然γ辐射对有效剂量当量的贡献占72%,宇宙射线电离成分占28%。     

深圳特区及大亚湾核电站周围环境外照射水平及居民剂量评价

用RSS-111型高压电离室.FD-71型闪烁辐射仪和TLD测量了深圳特区及大亚湾核电站周围环境中曲γ辐射本底水平并估算了居民受照剂量.结果表明:深圳特区室外γ辐射平均空气吸收剂量率为:12.9×10^-8Gy·h^-1,室内γ辐射平均空气吸收剂量事为14.5×10^-8Gy·h^-1;大亚湾核电站周围环境室外γ辐射平均吸收剂量率为:14.4×10^-8Gy·h^-1.深圳特区天然本底辐射所致人均有效剂量当量和年集体有效剂量当量分别为1095μSv和219man·sV.     

甘肃省食品和饮用水的天然放射性含量及对居民所致内照射剂量估算

本文报道了甘肃省16种主要食品及5种饮用水中的天然U、Th、²²⁶Ra、⁴⁰K含量的测定结果,并由此估算了全省居民经食入这些核素所致剂量。结果表明:全省居民人均摄入天然放射性核素的年摄入量为1.95×10^-2Bq;经食入²³⁴U、²³⁸U²³²Th、²²⁶Ra天然放射性所致年有效剂量当量为2.47×10^-5Sv。     

安徽省环境中氡浓度水平及对居民受照剂量的研究

本文报道了安徽省1719个调查点室内、外氡浓度,其浓度额频度服从对数正态分布,室内氡浓度均值为16.2Bq·m^-3,室外氡浓度均值为9.9Bq·m^-3,碳化砖住宅内氡浓度较高,均值为89.2Bq·m^-3．全省居民受室内,外氡及子件照射的人均年有效剂量当量为1.25mSv,集体年有效剂量当量为7.02×10⁴man·Sv·a^-1。     

河南省环境天然电离辐射源所致公众剂量

本文作者根据我省环境贯穿辐射, 空气中氡浓度.食品和饮水中天然放射性核素台量的测定结果, 对全省公众所受天然电离辐射剂量进行了估算.结果表明。字宙线为303μSv·a^-1, 地球Y辐射577μSv·a^-1, 氧氲子体1057μSv·a^-1。天然放射性核素355μSv·a^-1, 总计全省人均有效剂量当量为229μSv·a^-1, 集体年有效剂量当量为1.7×10⁵man·Sv。     

中国环境天然贯穿辐射水平与评价

本文报告了我国天然贯穿辐射累积剂量调查结果。调查所用环境剂量计为国产ETLD一80型热释光环境剂量计。调查结果表明,我国室外地球γ 辐射空气吸收剂量率人口加权平均值为6.7×10^-8Gy·h^-1,室内为3.9×10^-8Gy、h^-1,室外宇宙辐射电离成分宅气吸收剂量率人口托权均值为3.3×10^-8Gy·h^-1室内为2.9×10^-8Gy·h^-1.地球γ 辐射所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为519μSv; 宇宙辐射电离成分所致居民人均年有效剂量当量为26lμSv.     

福建地区空气中氡及其子体浓度与剂量评价

采用双滤膜法和快速潜能测定法测定了福建省住宅室内、室外以及地下人防洞内空气中氧及其子体浓度.调查结果分析表明,氡及其子体浓度分布,近似服从于对数正态.福建省室内、室外空气中氡浓度几何均值分别为51.8Bq·M^-3与始48.7Bq·M^-3,氡子体a潜能浓度几何均值分刖为13.5×10^-8J·M^-3与11.0×10^-3·M^-3;平衡因子均值分别为0.49与0.53.全省90%住宅内平衡当量氡浓度在75Bq·M^-3以下,在100Bq·M^-3.以上的占3.0‰人防洞内氡子体.潜能浓度变化范周在6.74～840×10^-8J·m.福州地区大部分人防洞内平衡当量氡浓度在200Bq·m^-3以上.全省室内外氡水平地理分布可划为五个区.内地高于沿海,最高水平区域在西南部(即第五区),氡子体a潜能浓度几何均值达54.1×10^-8J·M^-3.全省居民受到室内外氡子体年均暴露量为0.36WLM,所致公众年均有效剂量当量为2.30mSv.     

我国食品放射性含量及其所致居民内照射剂量估算

为获得我食品和膳食中放放射性核素含量并为制定?食品中放射性物质限制浓度标准?提供依据,在1982～1086年问由30个辐射防护单位协作,测定了我过14类(27种)特定食品种22种放射性核素浓度.按我国三种主要膳食食类型．从14个正常本底辐射的省或自治区及三个非正常地区采集样品进行分析测定.估算了这些地区居氏15种放射往核素的年摄人最及所致待积剂量毒量.我国正常本底辐射地区成年男子对这15种核索年总摄入量约为4．2×10⁴Bq,所致总待积剂量当量约为0．43×10⁴Sv.在两个天然放射性较高地区天然放射性核素的年摄入量和所致待积剂量当量比正常本底辐射地区高得多,而在该核工厂周围地区采集的食未明显放射性污染.文章还讨论了各类食品或放射性核素对总待积剂量当量的相对贡献.     

秦山核电站运行前周围环境放射性调查和居民所受剂量估算

本文调查了1983～1988年秦山核电站周围5km、20km, 80km范围内天然辐射外照射水平,20km范围内的土壤、食品和水中总β、⁹⁰Sr,¹³⁷Cs活度.估算了当地居民所受的外照射剂量和因食入⁹⁰Sr、¹³⁷Cs造成的内剂量.结果表明:5km,20km和80km的天然辐射外照射剂量相近，其人均年有效剂量当量1.0mSv,由食品所致居民⁹⁰Sr和¹³⁷Cs的年有效剂量当量分别为0.62μSv.a^-1和0.19μSv.a^-1,其结果与浙江省全省环境调查结果基本一致.     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.